The following table gives all the cities of the world which contain 100,000 inhabitants and upwards, their population, and the year of the latest census, respectively. The rank of each among the cities of the country in which it is situated, is indicated by a figure in parenthesis, immediately following the name of the country. Calcutta, East India, (1). Osaka, Japan, (2) Hankow, China, (5).. .1,825,274 (1866.) Hyderabad, East India, (7). 200,000 1,648,814 (1845.) .1,554,848 Tientsin, China, (12). 200,000 .1,236,000 Tschungking, China, (13). 200,000 Constantinople, Turkey, (1)...1,075,000 (1864.) Tchang-tchan-fu, China, (4), . .1,000,000 (1863.) Bombay, East India, (2). New York, United States, (1).. Philadelphia, United States, (2) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (1). St. Petersburg, Russia, (1).... 1,000.000 816,562 (1854.) 622,082 (1866.) Wutschang, China, (14)... 200,000 .1,000,000 Milan, Italy, (2).... 196,109 (1861.) Bordeaux, France, (4). 194,241 (1866.) Cincinnati, United States, (7).. 193,253 (1866.) Boston, United States, (8).. 192,324 (1866.) 190,027 (1793.) 726,386 (1865.) Barcelona, Spain, (2).... 189,948 (1860.) 702,437 (1867.) Brussels, Belgium, (1). 189,337 (1866.) Turin, Italy, (3). 180,520 (1861.) Amritsir, East India, (8). 180,000 (1866.) Kagosima, Japan, (3). 180,000 (1863.) Edinburgh, Scotland, (2).. 176,081 (1867.) 539,122 (1864.) New Orleans, United States, (9) 168,675 (1860.) Bangkok, Siam, (1).. 500.000 Palermo, Italy, (4)..... 167,625 (1861.) Liverpool, England, (2)....... 492.439 (1867.) Munich, Bavaria, (1)... 167,054 (1864.) Glasgow, Scotland, (1). 440,979 (1867.) Breslau, Prussia, (2). 166,744 (1867.) Madras, East India, (3). 427,771 (1863.) Bristol, England. (7). .155,143 (1860.) 165,572 (1867.) .164,400 (1862.) (1)..160.000 .155,971 (1867.) Moscow, Russia, (2).. 351,609 (1863.) Lille, France, (5).. 154,749 (1866.) Birmingham, England, (4). 343,948 (1867.) Delhi, East India, (9).. 152,406 Lyons, France, (2).. 323,954 (1866.) Dublin, Ireland, (1). 319,210 (1867.) Bokhara, Indepen. Tartary, (1)..150,000 Marseilles, France, (3).. 300.131 (1866.) Lucknow, East India, (4). Madrid, Spain, (1).. Brooklyn, United States, (3)... 300,000 Joudpore, East India, (10). .150,000 298,426 (1860.) Smyrna, Turkey, (3). .150,000 Täbreez, Persia, (1). 150,000 266,661 (1860.) Tokat, Turkey, (4). 150,000 Tunis, Tunis, (1). 150,000 256,700 (1862.) Warsaw, Poland, (1). 243,512 (1865.) (11).146,963 Urumisi, China, (15). .150,000 .146,989 (1859.) .142.588 (1857.) 131,705 (1857.) PART IV. RELIGIOUS STATISTICS OF THE WORLD. FOR a correct understanding of the following tables of ecclesiastical statistics, it is of importance to distinguish between active and nominal members of a religious denomination. Full accuracy can only be obtained with regard to actual membership, but our knowledge of this class of statistics is becoming more and more accurate, as the number of churches which make an enumeration of their members is increasing. On the other hand, religious statistics of population can only consist of estimates. They include the population which lives and grows up under the influence of a particular religious belief. Formerly, most governments of the world required all their subjects to be connected with some particular religious denomination, and official censuses contained ecclesiastical as well as political statistics; but as religion is being more generally recognized as a free act of every citizen which does not concern the state government, the holding of ecclesiastical censuses has been altogether discontinued in several countries, as in the United States and Great Britain. The official censuses of these countries include, however, statistics of places of worship, of church sittings, and many other facts which are of use in forming a reasonable estimate of the religious belief of the population. I. CREEDS OF THE WORLD. The total population of the world is now estimated at 1,375,000,000. In 1859, one of the ablest statisticians of Europe, Professor Dieterici, of Berlin, taking 1,300,000,000 as the total population of the world, classified them as follows: Christians, 335,000,000; Jews, 5,000,000; East Asiatic religions, 600,000,000; Mohammedans, 160,000,000; Pagans, 200,000,000. On the basis of the larger estimate of the present population of the world, we give the number belonging to each of the principal denominations, as near as can be obtained from the most trustworthy sources of information. Christianity is the prevailing religion in every country of America and Europe, in Australia and in many of the islands of Polynesia. In Europe, one country-Turkey, is under a non-Christian government, but the great majority of the inhabitants in the European provinces are Christians. In Africa, Abyssinia and Liberia are independent Christian States, and besides, Christianity prevails in a number of colonies belonging to European States. 39 609 India, the The largest empire of Asia-Russia, is also a Christian country. third country in point of extent, is under the rule of a Christian government, and so is a large portion of Farther India. The Mohammedan countries in Asia, are Turkey, Persia, Affghanistan, and the Khanates of Central Asia; in Africa-Morocco, the dependencies of Turkey, (Egypt, Tunis, Tripoli,) and a number of interior states. Buddhism prevails in India, Farther India, in many parts of China, and in Japan. The governments of Japan, Burmah, and Siam are Buddhist; the government of China adheres to the religion of Confucius. II.-GENERAL STATISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY. 1. Divisions of Christianity. It is common to divide the Christian churches into three groups: (1.) The Roman Catholic Church. This church is apparently one organization, and the recognition of the Pope as the head of the entire church is an article of faith. There is one religious organization in Holland, (the Jansensits,) who, while they claim to belong to the Roman Catholic church, are not recognized by the Pope. Besides, in the Roman Catholic countries of Europe there are many millions whose connection with the Roman Catholic church is only nominal. The attitude of the Parliaments of Italy, Austria, Belgium, Portugal and other states is a conclusive proof of this. (2.) The Eastern or Oriental Churches. This group embraces the following denominations: The Greek Church, the Armenian Church, the Nestorians, the Jacobites, the Copts, and the Abyssinians. All of them recognize the first Ecumenical council of Nice, and have bishops for whom they claim an apostolic succession. (3.) The Protestant Churches. All the churches not belonging to one of the two preceding groups, are generally comprised under the collective name of Protestants. We must not omit to state that there are parties in some of the denominations, classed under this head, which protest against the application of this name to them. Thus in the established church of England, and the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, there is a party which desires to be placed in the second, instead of the third of our groups. If their church should adopt this view, our second group should be designated as The Episcopal churches with Apostolic Succession. But for the present we follow the long-established usage, and without prejudging the propriety of the technical names, retain the classification which has been commonly adopted by statisticians. The subdivisions of Protestantism are numerous, and we speak of them below. 2. The Roman Catholic, the Eastern and the Protestant Churches. The following tables contain, as nearly as can be ascertained, the statistics of the Roman Catholic, Eastern and Protestant Churches in every country of the world. The total population is taken, in great part, from Behm's Geographisches Jahrbuch, vol. 2, (Gotha, 1868.) |