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connected with St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum in Philadelphia since 1830, and its superioress for fifty years. During the greater part of the civil war she was an army nurse, and ministered to hundreds of soldiers on both sides. At the time of her death she was believed to be the oldest Sister of Charity in the United States.

Grace, Thomas L., clergyman, born in Charleston, S. C., Nov. 16, 1814; died in St. Paul, Minn., Feb., 22, 1897. He was educated at the Roman Catholic seminary in Charleston, the convent of St. Rose in Kentucky, and the Minerva College in Rome; entered the order of St. Dominic when sixteen years old; and was ordained in Rome, Dec. 21, 1839. He returned to the United States in 1844, and for several years was engaged in missionary labor in Kentucky and Tennessee, particularly in Memphis, where he erected the Church of SS. Peter and Paul, the convent of St. Agnes, and an orphan asylum. After holding the pastorate of the Memphis church for thirteen years, he was appointed bishop of the see of St. Paul, Minn., in 1859. In 1875 the great labor imposed on him by the vastness of his diocese was relieved by the setting off of northern Minnesota as a vicariate and the appointment of the Rev. John Ireland as a coadjutor, and further relief was given in 1879, when Dakota was placed under the care of a vicar apostolic. Bishop Grace celebrated the silver jubilee of his episcopate in July, 1884, and the same year resigned his see.

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Greatorex, Eliza, painter, born in Manor Hamilton, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1819; died in Paris, France, Feb. 9, 1897. She was a daughter of the Rev. James Calcott Pratt; came to New York in 1840, and married Henry W. Greatorex, an English musician, in 1849. After her marriage she studied painting and took a course in etching. She visited England in 1857, spent 1861-'62 in Paris, and visited Germany and Italy in 1870-'73. At first she applied herself to landscape painting, but in late years she gave her entire attention to pen-and-ink work and etching. Many of her pen-and-ink sketches appeared in book form with text by her sister, Mrs. Matilda P. Despard, of which the best known are "The Homes of Ober-Ammergau" (Munich, 1872); "Summer Etchings in Colorado (New York, 1873); Etchings in Nuremberg" (1875); and "Old New York, from the Battery to Bloomingdale" (1876). She also made a large pen drawing of "Dürer's House in Nuremberg," which is in the Vatican. A series of eighteen of her sketches illustrative of New York was exhibited among the art collections at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. Among her best-known paintings are "Bloomingdale" (1868); "Chateau of Madame Oliffe" (1869); "Normandy" (1882); "The House of Louis Philippe in Bloomingdale" (1884); and "Bloomingdale Church," "St. Paul's Church," and "The North Dutch Church," each painted on a panel taken from St. Paul's and the North Dutch Churches (1876). Mrs. Greatorex was the first woman that was elected an associate of the National Academy of Design (1868), and the only woman that ever was admitted to the Artist's Fund Society of New York.

Green, Joseph F., naval officer, born in Maine, Nov. 24, 1811; died in Brookline, Mass., Dec. 9, 1897. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy Nov. 1, 1827; was promoted passed midshipman June 10, 1833; lieutenant, Feb. 28, 1838; commander, Sept. 14, 1855; captain, July 16, 1862; commodore, Dec. 2, 1867; and rear admiral, July 13, 1870; and was retired Nov. 25, 1872. During his active career he was on sea service for twenty years and five months and on shore or other duty for seventeen years and three months. He was attached to the ship-of-the-line "Ohio," of the

Pacific squadron, at the time of the Mexican War. In 1851-52 he was on duty at the Boston Navy Yard; in 1853-'54 on ordnance service; and in 1855-'58 at the Naval Academy. He was again assigned to ordnance duty in 1861, commanded the steam sloop "Canandaigua" of the South Atlantic blockading squadron in 1862-64, took part in the bombardment of Fort Wagner, was on ordnance duty at the Boston Navy Yard in 1866-68, and commanded the Southern squadron of the Atlantic fleet in 1870-'71.

Green, Traill, chemist, born in Easton, Pa., May 25, 1813; died there, April 29, 1897. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835, and returned to Easton and engaged in practice. He was elected Professor of General and Applied Chemistry at Lafayette College in 1837, and of Natural Sciences at Marshall College, Mercersburg, in 1841, holding the last chair till 1847, when he returned to Lafayette College. The Pardee Scientific Department, at Lafayette, was organized by him, and he was its dean till within a few years of his death. Prof. Green built the astronomical observatory of Lafayette, and presented it to the college. He was the first President of the American Academy of Medicine, and President of the Pennsylvania Medical Society in 1868. He rendered important service under various State appointments. He received the degree of LL. Þ. from Washington and Jefferson College in 1866.

Groesbeck, William Slocomb, lawyer, born in New York city, July 24, 1815; died in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 7, 1897. He was graduated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, in 1835; studied law and settled in Cincinnati to practice. In 1851 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1852 was appointed to the commission to codify the laws of the State; and in 1857-59 was a Republican Representative in Congress and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was a member of the Peace Congress in 1861, a State Senator in 1862, and a delegate to the National Union Convention in Philadelphia in 1866. His most notable public service was counsel for President Johnson in the impeachment trial in 1868. He had little sympathy for the President or his policy, but consented to be his counsel. In 1872 a convention of Liberal Republicans, dissatisfied with the nomination of Horace Greeley, put Mr. Groesbeck in nomination for the presidency, but the act was almost entirely overlooked in the excitement of the campaign, and when the electoral college met he received one vote for the vice-presidency, for which his name had not been mentioned. He was appointed a delegate to the International Monetary Congress in Paris in 1878. For many years the citizens of Cincinnati have enjoyed free park concerts as a result of his gift of $50,000 for the purpose.

Hale, George Silsbee, lawyer, born in Keene, N. H., Sept. 24, 1825; died in Schooner Head, Me., July 28, 1897. He was a son of Salma Hale, the historian; was graduated at Harvard in 1844; taught for some time in Richmond, Va.; and was admitted to the bar in Boston in 1850. He edited the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth volumes of the "United States Digest," and with H. Farnham Smith the nineteenth, and was associated with George P. Sanger and John Codman in editing the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth volumes of the "Boston Law Reporter." His other literary work included "Memoirs of Joseph Parker," a chief justice of New Hampshire (1876); "Memoirs of Heron Metcalf," of the Massachusetts Supreme Court (1876); and the historical sketch of the charitable institutions of the city in the Memorial History of Boston." He took an active interest in the charitable and public institutions of the city,

and had been President of the Common Council and a member of the State Legislature.

Halliday, Samuel Bryane, clergyman, born in Morristown, N. J., June 5, 1812; died in Orange, N. J., July 9, 1897. He removed with his father's family to New York, where he worked as a clerk and undertook to prepare for the ministry, but soon had to give up study on account of his eyes. He engaged in volunteer missionary work, established in the Spring Street Presbyterian Church the second Sunday-school infant class in the United States, and was appointed General Secretary of the New York City Tract Society. When compelled by failing health to retire from this work, he went to Providence, R. I., where he was employed in mercantile business and was instrumental in establishing three Congregational churches near the city. Subsequently he resumed his studies for the ministry; was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational church at Lodi, N. J., in 1863; became superintendent of the Five Points House of Industry in New York in 1865; and removed to Brooklyn and united with Plymouth Church in 1866. A strong friendship soon sprang up between Henry Ward Beecher and Mr. Halliday, and when the trustees decided to provide an assistant for Mr. Beecher the latter selected Mr. Halliday. The office of pastoral helper was created, and in 1869 Mr. Halliday withdrew from the Five Points Mission and began his work with Plymouth Church. This relation was continued till Mr. Beecher's death, in 1887. When Dr. Lyman Abbott was chosen Mr. Beecher's successor, Mr. Halliday resigned his office, and was presented by the church with a handsome annuity. Finding a promising field in the Ocean Hill region of the city, where there was a small, struggling Congregational church, he assumed its pastorate without salary, and within three years erected a tasteful church edifice at a cost of $26,000, and had the name changed from the Tabernacle to the Beecher Memorial Church. He held the pastorate as long as advancing years would permit. Hardy, George E., educator, born in New York city in 1859; died in Roselle, N. J., April 15, 1897. He was graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1878; began teaching in the public schools; was appointed principal of Grammar School No. 82 and elected President of the State Teachers' Association in 1886; and was Professor of the English Language and Literature in the College of the City of New York from 1894 till his death. Prof. Hardy had become favorably known as a writer and lecturer on educational topics, and was one of the founders of the Catholic Summer School of America. Of his publications, "Five Hundred Books for the Young" is the most important. He left unfinished a "History of England" and a "History of English Literature," for schools.

Harrington, George W., soldier, born in Waterloo, N. Y., in 1837; died in Kalamazoo, Mich., June 24, 1897. He entered the United States Military Academy, but in 1853, before he had completed the course, he volunteered for service in the Indian war. He crossed the plains with Gens. Albert Sidney Johnston and Philip St. George Cooke, and acquitted himself with much credit. In the early part of the civil war he organized the 10th New York Cavalry. He was captured and was confined in Libby Prison, from which with others he escaped. In the Gettysburg campaign he distinguished himself by his bravery till seriously wounded. He was brevetted a brigadier general for this service, and soon afterward was compelled by his wounds to retire from the army. After the war he was engaged in the undertaking business in Rochester, N. Y., and in Kalamazoo. Gen. Harrington was president of the Michigan Undertakers' Association.

Harris, Henry Herbert, educator, born in Louisa County, Va., Dec. 17, 1837; died in Lynchburg, Va., Feb. 4, 1897. He was graduated at the University of Virginia in 1860, became an instructor in Albemarle Female Institute, and served in the Confederate army through the civil war. Largely through his influence Richmond College was reopened soon after the war, and from 1866 till 1896 he was Professor of Greek there, and for four years chairman of its faculty. In 1896 he entered the faculty of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, in Louisville, Ky., with which he was connected till his death. Dr. Harris began his ministry in 1859 by preaching to a congregation of colored people. In 1868 he gathered a small congregation and Sunday school in the suburbs of Richmond, and when, in the following year, a church was organized there, he was ordained and became its pastor. In 1873-276 he was editor of the "Educational Journal" of Virginia, and in 1877 of the "Foreign Mission Journal," the organ of the boards of the Southern Baptist Convention. On the organization of the Virginia Baptist Historical Society, in 1876, he was elected its secretary and treasurer. He was also for many years one of the editors of the "Religious Herald" of Richmond.

Harris, Isham Green, lawyer, born near Tullahoma, Tenn., Feb. 10, 1818; died in Washington, D. C., July 8, 1897. When fourteen years old he became a shopboy in Paris, Tenn.; before he was nineteen he went to Tippah County, Miss., where he became a successful merchant, a law student, and, by the failure of a bank, penniless, and returning to Paris he was again successful in business, continued his law studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. In 1847 he was a successful candidate for the lower house of the Legislature as a Democrat, against two unpopular Democrats and a Whig candidate. From that time till his death, with three brief exceptions, he was continually in public life. In 1849 and 1851 he was elected to Congress, in 1853 was renominated, but declined, and in 1856 he made a successful canvass of his State for presidential elector at large. At the close of his second term in Congress he removed to Memphis and resumed law practice. He was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1857, 1859, and 1861. At the beginning of the civil war he instituted vigorous measures to put the State in an attitude of defense against what he characterized as an invasion by the National troops, but the successes of the Union armies soon drove the Government from the capital, and in the last three years of the war he was a volunteer aid on the staff of the commanding general of the Confederate Army of the Tennessee. At the battle of Shiloh, when Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston received his death wound he fell into the arms of Gov. Harris. After the war, though Gov. Brownlow had offered a large reward for his capture, Gov. Harris escaped into Mexico, going thence to England, and returning to Memphis in 1867. In 1876 he made a personal canvass of the State as a self-announced candidate for the United States Senate, and in the election he defeated Judge L. L. Hawkins, the Republican candidate. He was re-elected in 1883, 1889, and 1895. Senator Harris was a tireless committeeman and very punctilious in observing the rules and courte

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sies of the Senate. He was popular among his fellow-members, who by a large majority elected him president pro tem. of the Senate in 1893.

Haskell, James Richards, inventor, born in Geneva, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1825; died in Passaic, N. J., Aug. 15, 1897. He removed to Ohio with his parents in 1833, was educated at Western Reserve College, and engaged in manufacturing in New York city in 1853. In 1856 his attention was directed to the accelerating principle of heavy ordnance, originated by A. S. Lyman, of New York, and he became interested in the development of it. After a series of experiments he constructed a gun with powder pockets along its bore. A small charge of powder was placed behind the shot at the breech to start it, and as the shot passed each powder pocket the gas of combustion ignited and exploded the charge, and each one added to the velocity of the shot. The initial, or breech charge, was slow-burning powder, the pocket powder was quick burning. Mr. Haskell built several of his multicharge guns, and they showed remarkable results in velocity and penetration. The Government paid him $100,000 for his invention, but subsequent developments in the science of gunmaking prevented its practical application, and he spent the remainder of his life in endeavoring to adapt the principle of the multicharge gun to the new conditions.

Headley, Joel Tyler, author, born in Walton, Delaware County, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1813; died in Newburg, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1897. He was graduated at Union College in 1839, and subsequently at Auburn Theological Seminary, and for a time was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Stockbridge, Mass. In 1842 he was compelled by failing health to withdraw from the ministry. He spent a year in foreign travel, and on his return engaged in literary work. In 1846 he became associate editor of the New York "Tribune," succeeding Henry J. Raymond, but poor health soon made it necessary for him to resign the post. He lived in the Adirondacks for the greater part of several years, visited the region regularly for nearly thirty years, and published a book on the locality by which it is believed attention was first attracted to the Adirondacks as an important health resort. In 1854 he was elected to the New York Assembly, and in 1855 was the successful Know-nothing candidate for Secretary of State of New York. His publications include Napoleon and his Marshals" (2 vols., New York, 1846); "Washington and his Generals (1847); "Life of Cromwell" (1848); "The Adirondacks; or Life in the Woods," a collection of newspaper letters (New York, 1849); "Sacred Scenes and Characters" (1849); "Life of Washington" (1857); "Life of Havelock " (1859); “Chaplains of the Revolution" (1861); "The Great Rebellion" (2 vols., 1864); "Grant and Sherman: Their Campaigns and Generals" (1865); "Farragut and our Naval Commanders" (1867); "Sacred Heroes and Martyrs" (1865); "The Achievements of Stanley and other African Explorers" (1877); "History of the War of 1812"; "Lives of Scott and Jackson"; "Sacred Mountains"; and "History of the Riots of 1863.”

Hesing, Washington, journalist, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, May 14, 1849; died in Chicago, Ill., Dec. 18, 1897. He accompanied his parents to Chicago in childhood and was educated there till 1861, when he went to Germany to study. He was graduated at Yale in 1870, and immediately afterward took a course in political economy and German literature at the University of Berlin. In November, 1871, he became connected with the "Illinois Staats Zeitung," of which his father was proprietor, and in 1880 was made managing editor. In 1872 he became a member of the city Board of Education, and took an active part in the presidential campaign,

making an effective series of speeches in English and German for the Republican party. In 1880 he was elected to the county Board of Education, and in 1882 was chosen its president. Subsequently he became a Democrat, and for several years retired from active politics. In 1890, during the controversy on the school question, he give his influence to the liberal side. He was a member of the commission appointed to devise ways and means for improving the condition of Chicago during the World's Columbian Exposition, and also of the Intramural Commission, was appointed postmaster of Chicago in 1894, and was the unsuccessful independent candidate for mayor in the spring of 1897.

Hewit, Nathaniel Augustus (better known by the adopted Christian names of AUGUSTINE FRANCIs), clergyman, born in Fairfield, Conn., Nov. 27, 1820; died in New York city, July 3, 1897. He was a son of the Rev. Nathaniel Hewit, a founder of Hartford Theological Seminary, and was graduated at Amherst in 1839. In 1840 he entered the Theological Institute of Connecticut at East Windsor, in 1842 was licensed to preach in the Congregational Church, in 1843 was ordained a deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and in 1847 was ordained a priest in the Roman Catholic Church after two years of study in Charleston, S. C. He became vice-principal of Charleston Collegiate Institute, where he remained three years. Then deciding to join a religious community, he became an associate of the New York Redemptorists, and was attached to the Church of the Holy Redeemer. In 1858 Fathers Hewit, Hecker, Walworth, Baker, and Deshon, all Redemptorists, recognizing that that order was unsuited to conditions existing in the United States, secured from Pope Pius IX a decree creating the "Institute of Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle." The work of the Paulist Fathers, as these priests were called, met with immediate and large success. Father Hecker was superior of the order from its institution till his death, in 1888, when Father Hewit succeeded him. In 1865 Father Hewit gave up active missionary work and applied himself to theological and literary work, becoming Professor of Philosophy, Theology, and the Holy Scriptures in the Paulist Seminary in New York city. He was also editor of the "Catholic World" in 1869-74. From its inception till within a year of his death Father Hewit was intimately connected with the Catholic University of America, in Washington, D. C. He was one of its lecturers, and secured the establishment by the Paulist Fathers of the College of St. Thomas Aquinas at the university. The degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Amherst College and the Pope. He was a regular contributor to the American Catholic Quarterly Review"; edited the "Complete Works of Bishop England" (Baltimore, 1850); and published "Reasons for submitting to the Catholic Church" (Charleston, 1846); "Life of Princess Borghese" (New York, 1856); "Life of Dumoulin-Borie (1857); "The Little Angel of the Copts"; "Life of Rev. Francis A. Baker" (1865); "Problems of the Age, with Studies in St. Augustine on Kindred Subjects" (1868); "Light in Darkness: A Treatise on the Obscure Night of the Soul" (1870); and "The King's Highway; or, The Catholic Church the Way of Salvation, as revealed in Holy Scripture" (1874).

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Hoffman, Charles Frederick, clergyman, born in New York city in 1834; died on Jekyll island, near Brunswick, Ga., March 4, 1897. He was a son of Samuel Verplanck Hoffman, a wealthy merchant, and a brother of the Rev. Eugene Augustus Hoffman, dean of the General Theological Seminary, in New York city. The brothers acquired very large wealth from the estate of their father.

Charles Frederick was graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1851, took a three years' course at the General Theological Seminary, and after ordination engaged in mission work at Boonton, N. J., for three years, and then held charges at Burlington, N. J., and Garrisons, N. Y. In 1874 he was called to the Church of All Angels, New York city, and he remained its rector till his death. At his own expense he erected a handsome building 100 feet square at a cost of $150,000, and presented it and the ground on which it stands to his congregation. The new church was dedicated in 1890, and was enlarged by him at a cost of $200,000 to about double its former capacity in 1896-'97. In 1894 Dr. Hoffman erected a large parish house for the church and provided for both mental and manual training. He gave to St. Stephen's College at Annandale, N. Y., in money and buildings about $200,000; presented Hobart College, at Geneva, N. Y., with a handsome endowment; erected a library building for the A. T. Porter Institute at Charleston, S. C.; and in 1896 sent a check for $40,000 to the University of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn. Dr. Hoffman was president of the Association for furthering the Interests of Church Schools, Colleges, and Seminaries, and besides the benefactions mentioned gave most liberally to such institutions. He had received the degrees of D. D., LL. D., and D. C. L. (See GIFTS AND BEQUESTS.) Holley, George Washington, author, born in Salisbury, Conn., Feb. 17, 1810; died in Ithaca, N. Y., June 12, 1897. He was a brother of Alexander H. Holley, a Governor of Connecticut, and an uncle of Alexander Lyman Holley, the metallurgist. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1829, but was obliged by sickness to withdraw served for several years in the lower house of the New York Legislature, was long a resident of Niagara Falls, and was widely known as a public speaker. Besides frequent contributions to newspapers and magazines, he published "Niagara: Its History and Geology" (1872) and "Magnetism; or, The New Cosmography" (1894).

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Holman, William Steele, jurist, born in Veraestau, Dearborn County, Ind., Sept. 6, 1822; died in Washington, D. C., April 22, 1897. He was a son of Judge Jesse Lynch Holman; took a partial course at Franklin College, Indiana; and was admitted to the bar and began practice at Aurora, Ind. When twenty-one years old he was elected a judge of probate, and after holding the office for three years he was prosecuting attorney for two years. In 1850 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, in 1851-52 was in the Legislature, and in 1852-56 was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was elected to Congress as a Democrat in 1856, and, with the exception of the Thirty-ninth, Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Fifty-fourth Congresses, was re-elected to each succeeding one, thus serving sixteen terms in the House of Representatives. At the outset of his congressional career Judge Holman became conspicuous as a champion of economy, and from his constant objection to new appropriations and measures that he considered extravagant he was nicknamed "The Great Objector" and "The Watchdog of the Treasury." During the civil war he was a steadfast champion of the National cause and a firm supporter of President Lincoln.

Holmes, George Frederick, educator, born in Demerara, British Guiana, in 1820; died in Richmond, Va., Nov. 4, 1897. He was educated at Durham University, England; came to the United States in 1838; taught in Virginia, Georgia, and South Carolina and was admitted to the bar of the last-named State by special act of the Legislature before he was naturalized in 1842. In 1845 he

became a professor in Richmond College; in 1846 was elected President of the University of Mississippi; and in 1847 was made Professor of History, Political Economy, and International Law in William and Mary College. From 1857 till his death he was Professor of History and Literature in the University of Virginia, and during this long period he missed not more than five lectures. Prof. Holmes was at one time assistant editor of "The Southern Review," was the author of a series of text-books for use in Southern schools and colleges, and had written a large number of political essays. Holmes, Samuel, benefactor, born in Waterbury, Conn., in 1824; died in Montclair, N. J., Dec. 9, 1897. He was a corporate member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, a member of the Executive Committee of the American Missionary Association, and for many years was treasurer, secretary, or vice-president of the American Educational Society. His gifts included four perpetual scholarships at Yale for students from Waterbury, and $25,000 for the founding of a professorship at Yale Divinity School. (See GIFTS AND BEQUESTS).

Hopkins, Perry, clergyman, born a slave at Eastern Shore, Md., in 1822; died in New York city, Aug. 20, 1897. After obtaining his freedom he settled in New York city, where he supported himself as a laborer and school janitor. He was converted at a mission meeting more than forty years ago, studied for the ministry of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and after ordination organized congregations among the negro population of the city and its vicinity. His success in gathering and instructing the people of his race soon led to his election as a bishop of his church and his assignment to the diocese that includes New York, Massachusetts, and Maine.

Hosmer, Mrs. Margaret (Kerr), journalist and writer of short stories, born in Philadelphia, Dec. 1, 1830; died there, Feb. 1, 1897. In her girlhood she went with her father to California, and there married, in 1853, Granville Hosmer, chief coiner in the Philadelphia, Nevada, and California mints. She was for some years the Washington correspondent of the "Alta California" and the " Golden Era," the latter of which she edited for some time with Bret Harte. After 1882 she wrote but little and lived in semiretirement in Philadelphia. Her published books comprise "The Morrisons: A Story of Domestic Life" (New York, 1864); "The Back Court" (Philadelphia); "Catey's Three Dresses"; "Courts and Corners"; "Dismal Castle brightened"; The Story of a Week"; "The Subtle Spell"; "John Hartman": "Ten Years of a Lifetime" (1866); "Lenny the Orphan' (1869); "Juliet the Heiress" (1869); with Julia Hopeton, "Under the Holly" (1869); Child Captives" (1870); "Rich and Poor" (1870); "Three Times lost (1870); "Little Rosie Series" (1870); "Blanche Gilroy" (1871); "Lilly's Hard Words" (1871); "The Sin of the Father" (1872); “A Rough Boy's Story" (1873); and "Chumbo's Hut" (1880).

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Houghton, George Hendricks, clergyman, born in Deerfield, Mass., in 1820; died in New York city, Nov. 17, 1897. He was graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1842 and at the General Theological Seminary in 1845, and after ordination in the Protestant Episcopal Church became assistant to the. Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg at the Church of the Holy Communion in New York and instructor in Hebrew at the General Theological Seminary. In 1848 he organized the parish of the Transfiguration, and for nearly two years held services regularly in a private dwelling. In 1850 the congregation erected a church building on 29th Street near Fifth Avenue. For ten years the young

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rector struggled hard for the benefit of his parish, giving to it all the means he had acquired before organizing it, and engaging in literary and other pursuits to aid it. The modest building was enlarged from time to time, the activities of the parish were increased and quickened, and at the time of the rector's death the property of the church was free from debt and there was an endowment of $100,000. The parish has a free library, St. Christopher's class for the instruction of young girls, St. Ann's Guild of working women, St. Monica's Guild of colored women, an altar society, Holy Innocents' Guild, Maternity Society for helping poor women and their children, Missionary Aid Society, two Sunday schools, and a children's sewing school. Dr. Houghton introduced into New York city from the English Church the Community of St. John the Baptist, which undertakes the rescue of fallen women, and was warden of the band that has carried on work at its Midnight Mission and St. Michael's Home, at Mamaroneck. Long before the Church of the Transfiguration attained a world-wide celebrity and a new name its modest rector had made himself the friend of everybody. He labored on the one spot for nearly fifty years, refusing all preferments of his church and tempting calls to service elsewhere. In December, 1870, when George Holland, the actor, died, a committee of the old Wallack company, headed by Joseph Jefferson, waited, on the rector of a fashionable church on Fifth Avenue with the request that he would conduct the funeral services. The rector declined, and referred Mr. Jefferson to "the little church around the corner." Dr. Houghton placed himself and his church at the committee's disposal, and the body of Holland was received into the church for Christian rites. Within a few days the details of the incident had spread through the country and prompted the song that was sung on two continents, "God bless the Little Church around the Corner." Since then the funerals of actors who died in New York have generally been held in this church. (See GIFTS AND BEQUESTS.)

Hovey, Charles Edward, lawyer, born in Thetford, Orange County, Vt., April 26, 1827; died in Washington, D. C., Nov. 17, 1897. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1852, and after a service as principal of the high school in Framinghain, Mass., he removed to Peoria, Ill., and was appointed principal of the boys' high school there. In 1856 he was appointed superintendent of the newly organized public-school system of Peoria, and the same year was president of the State Teachers' Association. The organization of the Illinois Normal University was largely due to his efforts, and he was its president from 1857 till the beginning of the civil war. In August, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the 33d Illinois Infantry, composed chiefly of college students; in 1862 he was promoted brigadier general; and for gallantry at Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, 1863, he was brevetted major general of volunteers. He served in the operations around Vicksburg and contracted an illness that forced him to resign in May, 1863. Since 1869 he had practiced law in Washington.

Howe, Albion Paris, soldier, born in Standish, Me., March 13, 1818; died in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 25, 1897. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy and entered the army as 2d lieutenant in the 4th Artillery in 1841; was promoted 1st lieutenant, June 18, 1846; captain, March 2, 1855; major, Aug. 11, 1863; lieutenant colonel, 2d Artillery, April 10, 1879; and colonel, April 19, 1882; and was retired June 30 following. In the volunteer service he was commissioned a brigadier general, June 11, 1862; brevetted major general, July 13, 1865; and mustered out of the service

Jan. 15, 1866. During his active service he was brevetted captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Churubusco; major, July 1, 1862, for Malvern Hill; lieutenant colonel, May 3, 1863, for Salem Heights; colonel, Nov. 7 following, for Rappahannock Station; and brigadier general and major general, United States army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services during the war. He was Professor of Mathematics at the Military Academy in 1843-'46; served on garrison duty and as instructor at the Artillery School at Fort Monroe from the close of the Mexican War to the beginning of the civil war; was Gen. McClellan's chief of artillery in the West Virginia campaign in 1861; commanded a brigade of light artillery in the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula campaign of 1862; took part in the battles of Malvern Hill, Manassas, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Rappahannock Station; and was on duty in Washington as chief of artillery in 1864-'66.

Hubbard, Gardiner Greene, philanthropist, born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 25, 1822; died in Washington city, Dec. 11, 1897. He was a son of Justice Samuel Hubbard and his wife, Mary Anne Greene, daughter of Gardiner Greene, said to have been one of the three wealthiest men in the United States. Young Hubbard was graduated at Dartmouth in 1841, studied at Harvard law school, and in 1843 was admitted to the bar and began practice in association with Benjamin R. Curtis. On the appointment of Mr. Curtis to the United States Supreme Court Mr. Hubbard practiced for some years alone, but later formed a partnership with John M. Pinkerton. In 1870 failing health led him to abandon his profession, and in 1873 he removed to Washington, which thereafter was his home. Meanwhile he had become active in the affairs of Cambridge, which continued to be his summer residence, and he was president of a street railway connecting Cambridge with Boston, which was the first horse-car railway outside of New York city. About 1860 his daughter Mabel lost her hearing in consequence of severe illness, and Mr. Hubbard was led to study the means of preserving her speech, for he was advised that she would become dumb in three months. He became satisfied that deaf persons could be taught to speak, and for that purpose he opened a school, which he maintained at his own expense. The success of the undertaking and his persistent urging the matter upon public attention resulted in the establishing of Clarke School for the Deaf and Dumb, in Northampton, Mass., of which he was a trustee and president of the board from its inception till his death. For five years after his removal to Washington he practiced law, but in 1878 he turned his attention to the development of the telephone invented by his son-in-law, Alexander G. Bell, and became the first President of the American Bell Telephone Company. It was he who recognized the value of the Berliner crude battery transmitter and purchased it before any separate company could be formed to control it. He went to Europe and organized several telephone companies, among them the International and the Oriental. Valuable concessions were granted to him by the Russian Government, and he repaid the empire by giving it one of the best telephone systems in Europe. In 1876 he was appointed a special commissioner to investigate the subject of railway mail transportation, and he became a strong advocate of Government ownership of telegraphs. Mr. Hubbard was a commissioner from Massachusetts to the World's Fair held in Philadelphia in 1876, and was chief of the Jury of Awards at the Tennessee Centennial Exposition,

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