chase and shipment of grain, lumber, ship timber, and bark. He also built a large steam sawmill, and engaged extensively in agriculture and peach growing. In 1857 he was elected to the Legislature, in 1864 to the State Senate, and in 1867 to the presidency of the last-named body. He was elected Governor of Delaware in 1870, as a Democrat, and served four years.

Powers, Daniel William, banker, born in Batavia, N. Y., June 14, 1818; died in Rochester, N. Y., Dec. 11, 1897. He was brought up on a farm, became a clerk in a hardware store in Rochester when nineteen years old, and engaged in the banking business in 1850. Dealings in Government bonds during the civil war yielded him large returns, and he subsequently acquired much real estate. He erected the Powers Hotel and the Powers Commercial Building in Rochester, and established an art gallery and a law library, the last containing the law library of Roscoe Conkling.

Preston, Margaret Junkin, author, born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1825; died in Baltimore, Md., March 28, 1897. She was a daughter of the Rev. George Junkin, founder and President of Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., and President of Washington College, Lexington, Va. From the time of her marriage to Prof. John T. L. Preston, of the Virginia Military Institute, in 1857, till the death of her husband, about 1891, she lived at Lexington, Va. Mrs. Preston began contributing to " Sartain's Magazine," in Philadelphia, in 1849, and published her first book, "Silverwood," a novel, in 1856. After her marriage she became a frequent contributor, chiefly in verse, to the "Southern Literary Messenger." During the civil war she wrote her best-known volume of verse, a narrative poem entitled "Beechenbrook" (New York, 1866), which made her extremely popular in the South. "Old Songs and New" appeared in 1870. The "Book of Monograms" contains an account of the ramblings of herself and her husband in Europe after the war. Her other works include "Cartoons" (1876); "For Love's Sake" (1886); "Colonial Ballads, Sonnets, and Other Verses" (1887); "Aunt Dorothy" (1890); and a translation of the "Dies Ira" (1855).

Proctor, Joseph, actor, born in Marlboro, Mass., May 7, 1816; died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 2, 1897. He entered mercantile life in Boston, and before long he was enrolled in a company of youthful players. With very little special training, he made his first appearance on the stage as Damon in "Damon and Pythias," on Nov. 29, 1833. Next he appeared as Rolla in "Pizarro." He played a star engagement at the Tremont Theater, and then appeared with the stock company of the Pearl Street Theater, Albany, N. Y., till 1837, when he and Mr. Connor were engaged at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, opening in "Thalaba." The next year he returned to Boston, and after one season made a starring tour of the West. On May 6, 1839, he opened the rebuilt Bowery Theater, New York city, appearing as Nathan Slaughter in "Nick of the Woods." He played this part more than 2,500 times. In 1859 he went to England, played in London one hundred nights, beginning with "Othello"; and afterward played in other English cities, and then on the Continent. In 1861, while he was playing in Glasgow, his company included the present Sir Henry Irving. He returned to Boston in the autumn of 1861; played an engagement at the Howard Athenæum, under the management of Edwin L. Davenport; and starred in a round of Shakespearean characters, "Nick of the Woods," and other dramas till 1869. After managing a theater in Sacramento, Cal., for nearly three seasons, he retired for two years; then reappeared in his familiar parts; and continued his professional work till his

final retirement, in 1885. The fiftieth anniversary of his first appearance on the stage was made the occasion of a grand benefit testimonial at the Boston Theater, Nov. 29, 1883.

Pullman, George Mortimer, inventor, born in Chautauqua County, New York, March 3, 1831; died in Chicago, Oct. 19, 1897. He learned the trade of cabinetmaker in Albion, N. Y. In 1853, when the Erie Canal was being widened, he took contracts for moving large buildings that stood in the way of the improvement. He was successful in this, and six years later he removed to Chicago and entered upon the work of raising large blocks of brick and stone buildings. The city had been built, some blocks on one level and some on another, and an effort was being made to bring all to one level. Meanwhile he had been studying the problem of making long railway journeys comfortable, and soon after his removal to Chicago he converted two old railway coaches into sleeping cars. These were used successfully, and very soon there was a demand for more. He perfected his invention, and in 1863 began building the cars that have since borne his name. The first, which was called the "Pioneer," was built at a cost of $18,000. In 1867 he organized the Pullman Palace Car Company, of which he was president from that time till his death. In 1887 he devised the vestibule train. In 1880 he founded the town of Pullman, near Chicago, a model village, with his factories for its industry, in which 5,000 of the inhabitants are employed. It is said that statistics prove this to be one of the most healthful places in the world. Mr. Pullman was interested also in other enterprises, one of the most important being the Metropolitan Elevated Railroad in New York city.

Raymond, Minor, educator, born in New York city, Aug. 29, 1811; died in Evanston, Ill., Nov. 25, 1897. He was graduated at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., in 1831; became a member of the faculty, and remained there ten years; held pastorates in Worcester, Boston, and Westfield in 1841-48; and was principal of Wesleyan Academy in 1848-64. Through his efforts Fisk Hall was built in 1851 and Binney Hall in 1854, and after the fire that destroyed the academy buildings in 1856 he secured a large part of the funds to rebuild them. In 1864 he was elected Professor of Systematic Theology in Garrett Biblical Institute of the Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., and he held the chair for thirty years. He received the degree of D. D. from Wesleyan University in 1854, and that of LL. D. from Northwestern University in 1884. He published "Systematic Theology" (3 vols., Cincinnati, 1877).

Reid, John C., journalist, born in Kenosha, Wis., about 1837; died in New York city, Jan. 25, 1897. He learned the printer's trade in Chicago and at the beginning of the civil war enlisted as a private in an Illinois regiment. At the expiration of his term he re-enlisted in an Ohio regiment, of which he became quartermaster; was captured and taken to Andersonville, but escaped through the aid of friendly negroes. After the war he settled in New York city, and was first employed as a compositor on the "New York Times." He was soon promoted to the place of proof reader, was made night editor in 1871, and was managing editor

from 1872 till 1889. On leaving the "Times," he was for a while in charge of the London edition of the "New York Herald," and after his return to the United States had an editorial place on journals in New York city and in New Haven, Conn.

Reid, Sam Chester, lawyer, born in New York city, Oct. 21, 1818; died in Washington, D. C., Aug. 13, 1897. He was a son of Captain Samuel Chester Reid, United States navy, and went to sea when sixteen years old. Four years afterward he was attached to the Government survey of the Ohio river for a year, and then settled in Natchez, Miss., where he studied law, and became a United States deputy marshal. In 1841 he was admitted to the bar of Mississippi; in 1844 to that of Louisiana; and in 1846 to that of the United States Supreme Court. During the Mexican War he was a member of a company of Texas Rangers, and distinguished himself at Monterey. After the war he was employed on the "New Orleans Picayune." He reported the proceedings of the Secession Convention of Louisiana in 1861, and was a correspondent with the Confederate armies for several Southern newspapers during the civil war. After the war he resumed law practice, and lectured in the principal cities of the South on "The Restoration of Southern Trade and Commerce." In 1874 he established the Mississippi Valley and Brazil Steamship Company, in St. Louis. His father had commanded the American privateer "General Armstrong" in a memorable engagement with a British squadron in the harbor of Fayal in 1814, and had lost his vessel. Soon afterward a claim was made on Congress for indemnity. The claim slumbered for many years; all the principals died; and Mr. Reid, taking it up for the heirs, advocated it vigorously for several years, and secured an appropriation from Congress for its payment about ten years ago. He published "The United States Bankrupt Law of 1841" (Natchez, 1842); The Scouting Expeditions of McCulloch's Texas Rangers" (Philadelphia, 1847); "The Battle of Chickamauga" (Mobile, 1863); and "The Daring Raid of Gen. John H. Morgan in Ohio" (Atlanta, 1864). He also reported and edited "The Case of the Private-Armed Brig of War General Armstrong"" (New York, 1857). At the time of his death he was rewriting a memoir of his father to replace one that was burned. He had also prepared "The Life and Times of Col. Aaron Burr," but the manuscript was lost in a fire in 1850.

Rhind, Alexander Colden, naval officer, born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1821; died there. Nov. 8, 1897. He was appointed a midshipman in the navy, Sept. 3, 1838; was promoted passed midshipman, July 2, 1845; master, Feb. 21, 1853; lieutenant, March 17, 1854; commander, Jan. 2, 1863; captain, March 2, 1870; commodore, Sept. 30, 1876; and rear admiral, Oct. 30, 1883; and was retired on the following day. During his active career he was on sea service for nineteen years and five months, and on shore or other duty for ten years and seven months. He was on coast-survey duty in 1845-'56; was attached to the home squadron, and served along the coast of Mexico during the war with that country; returned to coast-survey duty in 1849 and 1851; and was appointed commander of the gunboat "Crusader," South Atlantic blockading squadron, in 1862. He was several times engaged with the Confederates

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at North Edisto, had a shore fight with a mounted force at Seabrook's plantation, South Carolina, and received the thanks of the Navy Department for his capture and destruction of the works commanding South Edisto, Dawho, and Pou-Pou rivers. In the attack on the defenses of Charleston, April 7, 1863, he commanded the ironclad "Keokuk," which was struck ninety times in thirty minutes and was pierced by nineteen shots. The sinking condition of his vessel obliged him to withdraw from action, but he kept her afloat in smooth water till the following morning, when she went down, but without losing a man. Later in the year, as commander of the "Paul Jones," he took part in the operations against the defenses of Charleston. On Aug. 13, 1864, with the Agawam," he engaged the three batteries at Deep Bottom in a manner that elicited the commendation of his superior officers and a second letter of thanks from the department. His most conspicuous feat, characterized by Rear-Admiral Porter as "the most perilous adventure that was, perhaps, ever undertaken," was performed on the night of Dec. 23, 1864, when he commanded the powder-boat "Louisiana," loaded with 215 tons of gunpowder and bombs fitted with time fuses, and exploded her at a point within 350 yards of Fort Fisher. The explosion did not have the contemplated effect on the fort. Rear-Admiral Porter recommended the promotion of Commander Rhind, Lieutenant Preston, and all the volunteer crew. After the war Captain Rhind commanded the naval rendezvous at New York, 1868; the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1869-70: and the "Congress." of the European squadron, in 1872-73. He was lighthouse inspector in 1876-79; President of the Board of Inspection in 1880-82; and Governor of the Naval Asylum in 1883. Admiral Rhind was a son of Charles Rhind, a shipowner, United States minister to Turkey in 1827, and on his mother's side was descended from Cadwallader Colden.

Rice, William, clergyman, born in Springfield, Mass., March 10, 1821; died there, Aug. 17, 1897. He was educated at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass.; entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1841; and after holding numerous pastorates was obliged by failing health to retire from pulpit work. In 1856. as a member of the General Conference, he took an active part in the controversy concerning slavery. Since 1861 he had been librarian and secretary of the Springfield city library, and for nearly twenty years he had been a member of the State and city boards of education. Wesleyan University conferred the degree of D. D. on him, and for many years he was a trustee of the university and president of the Board of Trustees of Wesleyan Academy. Dr. Rice published "Moral and Religious Quotations from the Poets." a "Pastor's Manual," and a catalogue of the library; and in 1876 the "Methodist Hymnal" was published under his direction.

Richards, David, sculptor, born in Abergonolwyn, North Wales, in 1829; died in Utica, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1897. He was brought up on a farm in his native land, removed early in life to Utica, and there followed the stonecutter's trade. In his leisure he learned to model in clay and to carve in marble, and after studying in Italy he established himself as a sculptor in Utica. He executed a good many outdoor statues, and did much decorative work, but never entered public competitions. Among his works are "Love"; "Boy chasing Butterfly"; "The Barber Dentist"; statues of President Grant, Gov. Seymour, and Harding; a statuette of Thomas Paine; and the models of the bronze statuettes for the Soldiers' Monument in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, and " The Pilgrim's Rest at Cypress Hills Cemetery, Long Island.

Ricker, Joseph, clergyman, born in Parsonsfield, Me., June 27, 1814; died in Augusta, Me., Sept. 4, 1897. He was graduated at Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1839; was immediately appointed editor of "Zion's Advocate," the organ of the Baptist Church in Maine; and four years later entered the ministry. For more than twenty-five years he was chaplain at the Massachusetts State Prison; for seven years was secretary of the Massachusetts Baptist convention, and for two years of the Maine convention; and, after holding pastorates in Gloucester, Belfast, and Augusta, Me., and in Woburn and Milford, Mass., he gave his entire time to superintending the missionary and educational work of his denomination. He did effective work in putting the training schools of Colby University at Waterville, Hebron, and Houlton on a sound financial basis, and to the school at Houlton (now known as the Ricker Classical Institute) he gave $10,000. He received the degree of D. D. from Waterville College in 1868. Ricord, Frederick William, librarian, born in Guadeloupe, West Indies, Oct. 7, 1819; died in Newark, N. J., Aug. 12, 1897. He was a son of Jean Baptiste Ricord, physician and scholar, and a nephew of Philippe Ricord, the distinguished French surgeon. Frederick was educated at Hobart and Rutgers Colleges, studied medicine and law, but had no liking for either; and, settling in Newark, N. J., opened a classical school and conducted it twelve years. In 1849 he was elected librarian of the Newark Library Association, and he held the office for twenty years. In this period he was elected a member of the first board of education of the city, and served in it for sixteen years, six years as its secretary and three as its president. He was also State Superintendent of Public Schools four years. He served three terms as sheriff of Essex County, in 1869-'73 as mayor of Newark, and subsequently as police justice and as lay judge of the Court of Common Pleas. For many years he was librarian of the New Jersey Historical Society, and also editor of its numerous publications. He wrote and published "An English Grammar"; a "History of Rome" (New York, 1852); Life of Madame de Longueville," from the French of Victor Cousin (1854); "The Henriade," from the French of Voltaire (1859); English Songs from Foreign Tongues" (1879); and "The Self-Tormentor, from the Latin of Terentius, with more English Songs" (1885). He edited many volumes of The Colonial Documents of New Jersey," published by the New Jersey Historical Society, and compiled the greater part of the volume treating of New Jersey in the series " Memorial History of New York." At the time of his death he had ready for the press a translation of another work of Terentius, a collection of original poems, and more Songs from Foreign Tongues"; and had in preparation "The Governors of New Jersey," a "History of New Jersey," and other books.

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Roberts, William Randall, merchant, born in County Cork, Ireland. Feb. 6, 1830; died in New York city. Aug. 9, 1897. He removed to New York city in 1849, and engaged successfully in mercantile business for many years, retiring in 1869. In 1865 he was elected president of the Fenian Brotherhood, and in the following year actively promoted the raid into Canada, for which he was imprisoned by the United States Government. He was elected to Congress as a Democrat in 1870 and 1872, and to the New York Board of Aldermen in 1877, and was defeated for sheriff in 1879. In 1885 he was appointed United States minister to Chili, and while serving there was stricken with paralysis, in May, 1889. He was brought back to New York and remained a helpless invalid till his death.

Robertson, Thomas James, legislator, born in Fairfield County, S. C., Aug. 3, 1823; died in Columbia, S. C., Oct. 13, 1897. His ancestors were among the first settlers in the county and were active Whigs in the Revolutionary War. He was graduated at South Carolina College in 1843, and became a planter. In 1857-58 he was aid-de-camp to Gov. Allston, and throughout the civil war was conspicuous for the firm and open support he gave to the National cause. He was a member of the State constitutional convention that was held under the reconstruction acts of Congress, and in 1868 was elected without opposition to one of the vacant seats in the United States Senate. In 1870 he was re-elected for a full term, and was appointed chairman of the Committee on Manufactures and a member of the committees on the District of Columbia and on Enrolled Bills (select).

Robeson, George Maxwell, lawyer, born in Belvidere, Warren County, N. J., in 1829; died in Trenton, N. J., Sept. 27, 1897. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1847; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1850, and soon afterward removed to Camden. In 1858 he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Camden County; in 1867 became Attorney-General of New Jersey; and in June, 1869, was appointed Secretary of the Navy. He went out of the naval office March 4, 1877, after serving for some time in 1876 as Secretary of War also on the resignation of Gen. Belknap. In 1878 and 1880 he was elected to Congress, and in 1882 was defeated for a third term. His administration of the Navy department was the subject of much adverse criticism and of congressional investigation in 1876 and 1878; but the Judiciary Committee of the House unanimously declared that the charges against him were not sustained. After retiring from Congress, Mr. Robeson practiced law in Trenton till within a few years of his death.

Robinson, John Cleveland, soldier, born in Binghamton, N. Y., April 10, 1817; died there, Feb. 18, 1897. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1835; withdrew to study law three years afterward; was commissioned 2d lieutenant in the 5th Infantry, Oct. 27, 1839; promoted 1st lieutenant, June 18, 1846; captain, Aug. 12, 1850; major, 2d infantry, Feb. 20, 1862; and colonel, 43d Infantry, July 28, 1866; and was retired with the rank of major general, May 6, 1869. In the volunteer service he was commissioned colonel of the 1st Michigan Infantry, Sept. 1, 1861: promoted brigadier general, April 28, 1862; brevetted major general, June 27, 1864; and mustered out Sept. 1, 1866. In the regular army he was brevetted lieutenant colonel, July 1, 1863, for services at the battle of Gettysburg; colonel, May 5, 1864, for the battle of the Wilderness; brigadier general, March 13, 1865, for Spottsylvania; and major general, same date, for services in the field during the war, His first military service was as a quartermaster in the army of occupation of Mexico at Corpus Christie, Texas, in 1845. He served with distinction at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterey, and in the closing operations of the war; was engaged in campaigns against Indians in Texas in in 1853-54, and in Florida in 1856; and accompanied the expedition to Utah in 1857-58. In February, 1861, he was ordered from duty at Fort Columbus, N. Y., to Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He reached Baltimore at a critical moment, and prevented the loss of Fort McHenry to the Govern ment. From May till September, 1861, he was on duty at Detroit, Mich., and Columbus, Ohio, mustering volunteer troops, and after his promotion to brigadier general of volunteers he commanded a brigade at Newport News and the troops in the neighborhood of Portsmouth, Va., till May, 1862.

He was then given command of the 1st brigade, Kearny's division, Army of the Potomac; took part in the seven days' battle before Richmond; and commanded a division at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the operations at Mine Run, and the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. In the last battle, while leading a charge of his division, he was wounded in his left knee, which necessitated the amputation of his leg at the thigh. For his gallantry on this occasion he was presented with a congressional medal of honor. After recovering from his wound he commanded the military division of northern and western New York, the departments of the South and the Lakes, and the post of Fort Wayne, Mich., till his retirement. In 1872 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York on the ticket headed by Gen. John A. Dix.

Rollins, Alice Wellington, author, born in Boston, Mass., June 12, 1847; died in Bronxville, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1897. She was the daughter of Ambrose Wellington, a lawyer; was educated at home and in Europe; taught for several years in Boston; and married Daniel M. Rollins, a merchant of New York city, in 1876. After her marriage she traveled extensively, and lived for a time in Brazil. Her publications comprise "The Story of a Ranch," "From Palm to Glacier,' The Ring of Amethyst," and "The Story of Azron," the last two being poems. For children she published "Little Page Fern" and The Finding of the Gentian." She also published the booklets "Aphorisms for the Year "and "Unfamiliar Quotations"; a novel based on tenement-house reform, Uncle Tom's Tenement (1888); and a dramatic colloquy, "Dealing in Futures."

Rollins, Daniel G., lawyer, born in Great Falls, N. H., Oct. 18, 1842; died in Somersworth, N. H., Aug. 30, 1897. He was a son of Judge Daniel G. Rollins; was graduated at Dartmouth in 1860 and at Harvard Law School in 1862; and was admitted to the bar in 1863. After practicing in Portland, Me., three years, he removed to New York city to accept the appointment of assistant United States district attorney, which he held till 1869. In 1869-73 he was engaged in private practice; in 1878-'80 was assistant district attorney of New York County; in 1880-'82 was district attorney; in 1882-88 was surrogate of the county. While in the district attorney's office he conducted several notable prosecutions, including the Lambert and Case insurance trials, the Wetmore and Joe Coburn cases, and a series of arson and perjury trials, in which, in the estimation of insurance officials, he did much to check incendiarism. His most enduring reputation was made while he presided over the surrogate's court. Wills involving many millions of dollars were probated before him without contest or delay; but there were many others whose contest developed unusual complications. Among the notable wills contested before him were those of James Stokes, involving $10,000,000: Sarah Burr, $5,000,000; and Jesse Hoyt, $11,000,000; and the Hammersley, Darling, and Paine wills, involving smaller amounts but many perplexing questions of law. Toward the end of his term he was defeated by a small majority in an election for judge of the Supreme Court of New York, and after his retirement he resumed practice. He received the degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth College in 1884.

Ross, Christian K., merchant, born in 1823; died in Philadelphia, Pa., June 21, 1897. He was engaged in the wholesale dry-goods business for many years prior to 1876, and from that year till his death was master warden of the port of Philadelphia. On July 1, 1874, while his two sons, Walter and Charles,

were playing in front of their home in the Germantown district, they were invited by two men in a buggy to take a ride. The boys clambered into the buggy and were liberally supplied with candy till they reached Palmer and Richmond Streets, when Walter, who wanted some fireworks, was given a quarter of a dollar and sent into a store to make a purchase. When he came out, the buggy, men, and Charlie, a beautiful child of four years, had disappeared. Walter was found by a friend of the family, who took him home, and immediately after he had told his story a search was begun for his younger brother. From this incident was developed the "mystery of little Charlie Ross," which, despite the efforts of the detectives and police authorities of the entire country, and of numerous volunteer searchers, never has been satisfactorily explained. A few days after the disappearance Mr. Ross received a letter from the supposed abductors, which declared that Charlie would not be returned without the payment of a large ransom, and that an attempt to recover him through the agency of detectives would result in his immediate death. Two days afterward Mr. Ross received a demand for $20,000. The money was promptly raised, and Mr. Ross was about to follow the instructions in the letter, when the police officials took up the case, and Mayor Stokely offered a reward of $20,000 for the arrest of the kidnappers and the return of the boy. In the ensuing four months Mr. Ross received sixteen letters from the kidnappers, but these furnished no clew to the writers. Interest in the case increased daily; photographs of the missing boy were sent to every part of the United States and to many foreign seaports, and hundreds of apparent clews were investigated, but without encouraging results. On the night of Dec. 14, 1874, the residence of Judge Van Brunt, at Bay Ridge, N. Y., was entered by burglars, who were attacked by members of the family. One burglar, William Mosher, was shot dead, and another, Joseph Douglass, was mortally wounded. The latter acknowledged that he and Mosher had stolen Charlie Ross, and declared that Mosher knew all about the boy. Walter Ross identified the dead burglars as the men who had driven him and Charlie in the buggy. The only further explanation of the mystery was the declaration by the police that, while Mosher and Douglass were trying to escape from officers who wanted them for several burglaries, they had drowned the boy in the North river. The body of a boy of about Charlie's age was found in the river shortly after the death of the burglars, but it was not fully identified as that of Charlie.

Ruggles, Daniel, soldier, born in Barre, Mass., Jan. 31, 1810; died in Fredericksburg, Va., June 1, 1897. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy and commissioned a brevet 2d lieutenant in the 5th Infantry in 1833; served in the war against the Seminole Indians in Florida in 1839-40; took part in the military occupation of Texas in 1844-45; and in the Mexican War was present at the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, the siege of Vera Cruz, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Contreras, and Chapultepec, and the capture of the city of Mexico. He was promoted captain in 1846, and brevetted major and lieutenant colonel for services in Mexico. On May 7, 1861, he resigned his commission to enter the Confederate service, in which he was appointed a brigadier general. He commanded a division at the battles of Shiloh and Baton Rouge; was promoted major general in 1863; commanded the department of the Mississippi; and was commissary general of prisoners at the close of the war. In 1874-78 he lived on his ranch at Palafox, Texas, and afterward he was engaged in the realestate business in Fredericksburg.

Ruggles, Edward Rush, educator, born in Norwich, Vt., in 1836; died in Hanover, N. H., Oct. 30, 1897. He taught at Bradford (Vt.) Academy; went to Canada to perfect himself in French and to teach at the mission of Grande Ligne; and then went abroad for further study. In 1864-'66 he was instructor in English and French at the Dresden Polytechnic School, and in the last year was appointed instructor in modern languages at Dartmouth College. He became Professor of Modern Languages in the Chandler Scientific School in 1867, and since 1893 had been Professor of German at Dartmouth. Prof. Ruggles, who was regarded as one of the best German scholars in the United States, received the degrees of A. M. and Ph. D. from Dartmouth in 1864 and 1885 respectively.

Rulison, Nelson Somerville, clergyman, born in Carthage, N. Y., April 24, 1842; died in Mannheim, Germany, Sept. 1, 1897. He was educated at Gouverneur Academy in his native town, and received his training for the ministry in the General Theological Seminary, New York city, being graduated in 1866. In the same year he was admitted to deacon's orders in the Episcopal Church, and not long afterward to priest's orders. From 1867 till the close of 1869 he was rector of Zion Church, Mount Morris, N. Y., and subsequently he founded, and was the first rector of St. John's Church on the Heights in Jersey City. In 1877 he was called to the rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Cleveland, and he remained there until he was consecrated Assistant Bishop of Central Pennsylvania. After that event his episcopal residence was at South Bethlehem, Pa. In 1895, on the death of the senior bishop, he succeeded to the office. The enormous amount of work involved in administering the affairs of his diocese made great inroads upon his naturally strong constitution, and in the last years of his life he was obliged to seek an entire change of scene in the hope of recovering his former health. But the change had been made too late. Besides sermons and essays, and contributions in prose and verse to religious periodicals, he published a "History of St. Paul's Church, Cleveland, Ohio" (1877).

Russell, John Henry, naval officer, born in Frederick City, Md., July 4, 1827; died in Washington, D. C., April 1, 1897. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy, Sept. 10, 1841; was promoted passed midshipman, Aug. 10, 1847; master, Sept. 14, 1855; lieutenant, the following day; lieutenant commander, July 16, 1862; commander. Jan. 28, 1857; captain, Feb. 12, 1874; Commodore, Oct. 30, 1883; and rear admiral, March 4, 1886; and was retired Aug. 27 following. During his active career he was on sea service for twenty years and nine inonths, and on shore or other duty for nineteen years and eleven months. He made his first cruise in the sloop "Cyane" of the Pacific squadron in 1841-'43, and had his first experience of war on the "St. Mary's' in the Gulf of Mexico in 1846. He took part in the capture of Corpus Christi and the securing of Fort Taylor at Brazos. He also served on the blockade at Vera Cruz prior to the capture of the city. In 1848 he was graduated at the United States Naval Academy, and was ordered on coast-survey duty.

He accompanied the North Pacific exploring expedition of 1853-56 as acting lieutenant and naviga tor, and on this cruise, notwithstanding the Chinese had refused all intercourse, secured by his personal boldness an official audience for the American and British envoys. He also made explorations in the arctic region which disclosed numerous errors in the charts. In 1860-'61 he was on duty at the Washington Navy Yard. He was ordered to the Norfolk Navy Yard, and had charge of the last boat that left that yard, April 28, 1861. While attached to the frigate "Colorado" off Pensacola, Fla., he performed during the night of Sept. 14, 1861, one of the most thrilling feats of the civil war. In command of a boat expedition of 100 sailors, he undertook to cut out or destroy the privateer "Judah," lying at that port under the protection of strong shore batteries and a force of 8,000 men. The expedition was detected before it reached the privateer, and fire was opened on the boats; but the sailors pressed on, and after a hand-to-hand fight, in which 20 of the "Colorado's” men were killed or wounded, the "Judah" was captured. While the troops in the navy yard were being assembled, the "Judah" was set on fire and sank, and the survivors of the expedition returned to their frigate. For this feat Lieut. Russell received the personal thanks of President Lincoln, the congratulations of the Navy Department, and the thanks of the State of Maryland. Subsequently he took part in the operations of Farragut's fleet at New Orleans and on the Mississippi river up to Vicksburg; received the garrison of Fort Jackson as prisoners on his ship; and was thanked by Farragut for saving the lives of the officers and men in the flagship's boat during a guerrilla attack at Baton Rouge. In 1869, while commanding the "Ossipee," of the Pacific squadron, he rescued the passengers and crew of the Pacific mail steamer "Continental" during a gale, and in 1875, while serving in the North Atlantic squadron, saved the vessels of the squadron from an epidemic of yellow fever at Key West.

Sage, Henry Williams, philanthropist, born in Middletown, Conn., Jan. 31, 1814; died in Ithaca, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1897. Feeble health caused him to abandon plans for a professional life, and in 1832 he entered his uncle's mercantile house. He purchased the business in 1838, and managed it till 1854, when he became interested in the lumber regions of Canada and the West. He bought large tracts of timber around Lake Simcoe, in Canada, and was highly successful in his operations. Subsequently, in partnership with John McGraw, he built the largest sawmill in the world at Winona, Mich., and became one of the most extensive land owners in that State. In 1847 he was elected to the Legislature as a Whig; in 1857 removed to Brooklyn, N. Y.; and in 1880 returned to Ithaca. His early benefactions included the endowment of the Lyman Beecher lectureship on preaching at Yale College, the building and endowment of several churches and schools, and the building of the public library at West Bay City, Mich. From its inception Mr. Sage was deeply interested in Cornell University. He was elected a trustee in 1870, and had been president of the board since 1875. Besides his gifts to the institution, he managed its pine lands for many years, and realized about $6,000,000 for them, although, but for his objections, the board of trustees would have sold them at one time for $1,000,000. His principal gifts to the university are the Sage College for Women, $266,000; Susan Lynn Sage chair of Philosophy, $50,000; Sage School of Philosophy, $200,000; University Library Building, $260,000, and endowment $300,000; Museum of Classical Archæology, collection and equipment, $20,000; house for Sage