66 pleted shortly before his death a Life of David Hume" for the "Famous Scots Series." Canovas del Castillo, Antonio, a Spanish statesman, born in Malaga in 1830; died in Santa Agueda, Aug. 8, 1897. His family, which was not wealthy, intended to educate him for an engineer, but he turned with avidity to literary studies, and displayed such remarkable talent and activity that he acquired a local reputation for learning before he was sixteen, and had already published a volume of poems and was the editor of a newspaper, "Young Malaga.' He went to Madrid in 1845, and through the influence of his uncle, Serafin Estebanez Calderon, a Senator and a well-known writer, found employment in a railroad office, an easy berth in which he could follow literature concurrently with his paid duties. In the course of four years he published a history of the decadence of Spain and an historical novel, besides many pieces of poetry and newspaper articles. In 1849 he embraced the journalistic profession, becoming the editor of "La Patria,” a journal of the Opposition, whose conductor was necessarily involved in dangerous political conspiracies against the palace favorites then in power. He sided with the military party in the struggle that ended in the revolution of 1854. During the rising he remained in Madrid, where, as the directing spirit of the revolutionary junta, he exhibited political tact and a fearless spirit that attracted the regard of O'Donnell, the head of the revolution. He was elected Deputy for Malaga. Canovas allied himself to the faction of Espartero, and was thenceforward constantly in office, first as Governor of Cadiz, in 1855. As minister to Rome, in 1856, he drew up an historical memorandum on the relations of Spain to the Holy See that served as the basis for the concordat. From 1858 to 1861 he was Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of the Interior, and in 1864 was called into the Cabinet. In 1865 he became Minister of Finance and Minister of the Colonies under O'Donnell, and in the latter capacity drew up the law for the abolition of slavery. On the eve of the revolution of 1868 he stood up in the Cortes for the application of Liberal principles in the monarchy. When the Republicans triumphed he was banished. He devoted himself to the restoration of the Bourbons, and was the chief of the movement that placed Alfonso XII upon the throne. As leader of the Alfonsists, the party that had upheld the claims of the legitimate and constitutional monarchy, he was called to the premiership in 1874, after the pronunciamento of Gen. Martinez Campos, but in the following year retired in consequence of differences in his party. After three months the division was healed, and he was recalled to the head of the Government, which he directed with tact and discretion till the return from Cuba of Gen. Martinez Campos in 1879. He became Premier for the third time after ten months of Liberal administration under Martinez Campos. Early in 1881 his ministry was overthrown on a question of finance, and he was succeeded by Sagasta. In January, 1884, the fusionists, under Sagasta, were defeated in the Cortes, and Canovas again formed a ministry, which was upheld in the general election that followed. In the crisis of November, 1885, he was defeated by Sagasta once more and compelled to resign. Canovas became President of the ministry again in July, 1890, after the fall of the Sagasta ministry, and was confirmed by an overwhelming victory in the general election. He entered upon the office for the last time on March 23, 1895. On June 2, 1897, he offered his resignation to the Queen Regent, but was persuaded to remain in office. He met his death at the baths of Santa Agueda, where an Italian anarchist named Golli, trusting to avenge the cruelties practiced upon his Barcelona comrades in prison, lay in wait for several days, and finally approached the Premier in the gallery of the bathing establishment and fired three shots from a revolver, one of which took effect in the forehead and one pierced his breast Cavalcaselle, Giovanni Battista, an Italian art historian, born in Legnano in 1820; died in Rome early in November, 1897. He studied art in the academy at Venice, and followed in turn painting and engineering until he met in Germany the English art writer. Sir Joseph Crowe, with whom he entered into a literary partnership. In 1848 he interrupted his labors to throw himself into the political national movement. Caught by the Austrians at Cremona, he was condemned to death, but made his escape and took refuge in Rome, where he fought under the triumvirate. When the Pope returned to the papal states Cavalcaselle was banished and retired to London, where he collaborated with Crowe, then English commercial attaché in Paris, in a large work on the Flemish school of painting. He returned to Italy after a few years, and then took up his abode in Leipsic in order to bring out the celebrated "History of Italian Painting," of which likewise Crowe was part author. Subsequently he established himself in Italy, became an adherent of the royal Government after 1870, and was appointed director general of fine arts. Cave, Sir William Lewis, an English jurist, born in Desborough, England, July 3, 1832; died near Epsom, Sept. 7, 1897. He was educated at Oxford, was called to the bar, and by his logical acumen and his knowledge won early a high place at the bar, though he had no gift of eloquence and was blunt and direct in his speech. He edited "Addison on Contracts" and other text-books, was for some time recorder of Lincoln, gained an intimate knowledge of criminal law as editor of reports of Crown cases reserved, had an unrivaled knowl edge also of real estate and rating questions and of some departments of commercial law, and was retained in almost all important cases years before he was made a Queen's counsel, in 1875. In 1881 he was appointed a judge of the Queen's bench. His decisions were fearless, if sometimes overconfident, and were always given in language unmistak ably clear. He was especially sound in criminal law, differing often from Lord Coleridge. When the new bankruptcy law came into operation he settled many questions of practice and helped to reconcile the legal and mercantile communities to its novelties. Dawes, William, an English architect, born in Gloucester in 1840; died Feb. 16, 1897. He practiced his profession in Manchester, where he built several schools, but to the general public was known as a humorous writer under the name of Elijer Goff. His first book, Elijer Goff: His Travels, Trubbles, and Other Amoozements," was published in London in 1872, and was followed by "Elijer Goff: His Christmas Book" (1872); "Elijer Goff's Kronikle of a King" (1878); "Elijer Goff's Great Fite" (1881); "The Bore and Pigskin Papers" (1883); "Central African Buster, etc." (1886); and "Senior Devle" (1886). Drummond, Henry, a Scottish theologian, born in Stirling, Scotland, in 1851; died in Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. His father was a justice of the peace at Stirling. The son was educated at the Universities of Edinburgh and Tübingen, became a minister of the Free Church of Scotland, and, after a short stay in Malta as a missionary, was appointed in 1877 lecturer on science at the Free Church College in Glasgow. In 1884 he was raised to the rank of professor. He accompanied Sir Archibald Geikie on geological expedi 66 tions to the Rocky mountains and Africa, and traveled in Australia, China, and Japan. As conductor of a workingmen's mission in Glasgow he had great influence as an evangelist over young men, and as a teacher and theological writer he aroused enormous enthusiasm. His first published book, "Natural Law in the Spiritual World" (1883), created a sensation, at first in Scotland and afterward in all Englishspeaking countries, and was read in translations in several others. His Lowell Lectures, delivered in the United States, in which he endeavored to show that a struggle for the life and benefit of others is not less a factor in the evolution of society than the selfish struggle for individual existence, was published under the title of "The Ascent of Man" (1894). Several of his devotional books, especially "The Greatest Thing in the World" and Pax Vobiscum," have been very popular. Prof. Drummond was the author also of some graphic and fascinating books of travel, the most interesting of which is his "Tropical Africa." Eddy, E. M. G., an Australian railroad administrator, born in England, July 24, 1851; died in Brisbane, Australia, June 21, 1897. He entered the service of the London and Northwestern Railway in 1865 as a clerk in the superintendent's office, became district superintendent at Chester in 1875, was transferred to a similar post in the London division in 1878, and became assistant superintendent of the whole line in 1885. The carrying of the line up the west coast to Edinburgh and the fast express service between the metropolis and the Scotch capital was chiefly due to him. When the general manager of the Caledonian Railway became seriously ill in 1887 Eddy was called to take the chief executive command of that line for the interim, and from this post he was invited in August, 1888, to assume the office of Chief Commissioner of Railways in New South Wales. He accepted on the condition that he should have a free hand in the administration and financial management of the colonial railroads and tramways. He went out to Australia with the avowed intention of proving that state railroads could be made a success, and he achieved his purpose by dint of a bitter contest with the forces of state socialism and political interests, though the more recent developments of state socialism damped his earlier zeal. He revolutionized the railway and tramway system of New South Wales and retrieved the financial fortunes of the Government. Against an accumulated deficit of nearly £142,000 in the seven years preceding, he showed for the six years of his administration an accumulated increase of £2,030,000, raising the gross revenue between 1888 and 1896 from £2,300,000 to £3,110,000, and the net revenue from £765,000 to £1,322,000, while the percentage of working expenses to gross earnings went down fully 10 per cent. At the same time rates and fares were largely reduced, roadbeds, train service, and rolling stock were enormously improved, and the staff, though reduced in number, received higher salaries. Edwards, Charles A., a British soldier, born in 1864; died in British Central Africa, May 10, 1897. He came from a Welsh family that had contributed several members to the Indian civil service and the British army. After serving in Burmah in the Welsh Fusiliers, he qualified for the Indian staff corps and became a lieutenant in the finest of the Sikh regiments. In 1892 he was sent to Central Africa as second in command of the Indian contingent. In the following year he took out another hundred Sikhs, and in 1895 he joined Sir Harry Johnston in India, and assisted in placing the affairs of the Indian contingent in Central Africa on a footing satisfactory to the Indian Government. The Sikhs now serving in Central Africa were recruited by him, and he created and organized the small native army under English officers and Sikh noncommissioned officers. This force, composed of former slave-raiders as well as slaves, has been a powerful instrument in suppressing slave raids and a bulwark against Arab and Zulu aggressions. Elias, Ney, an English explorer, died in London, May 31, 1897. He went out to China at an early age, and was employed for a time in a business office. In 1871 he conceived the daring project of returning to Europe overland, and with a single Chinese servant he made his way from Pekin through the scenes of a sanguinary Mohammedan rebellion then going on, across the desert of Gobi by an untraveled route, across Siberia in the depth of winter, emerging at St. Petersburg. He formed a plan then to visit the forbidden city of Lhassa, but was hindered by political difficulties, and took service under the Indian Government, which sent him to Yunnan and afterward to Ladak, and thence on a mission to Chinese Turkestan, with the object of establishing political relations between the mandarins and the Indian authorities. visited the same countries again in 1885, traversed the entire length of the Pamirs and Badakshan and Afghan Turkestan, and then returned to India by way of Chitral and Gilgit. In 1889 and 1890 he demarcated the frontier between Siam and the Shan States of Burmah. In 1891 he was appointed consul general of Great Britain at Meshed, Persia. He Falke, Jakob, a German historian, born in Ratzeburge in 1825; died in Vienna, June 12, 1897. He studied philology and history at Erlangen and Göttingen, taught in the gymnasium of Hildesheim in 1850, and was afterward tutor in the family of Prince Solms-Braunfels till 1853, when he went to Vienna and devoted himself to antiquarian researches. He was conservator of the Nuremberg German Museum from 1855 till 1858, then returned to Vienna, and became custodian and in 1885 director of the Austrian Museum. He was the author of a large number of interesting historical works relating to æsthetics and fashion. 66 German Costumes and Fashions" he treats of the history of dress in connection with the changing spirit of the times. Some of his other writings are "A Contribution to the History of Costume in the Middle Ages," History of Modern Taste," Art at Home," Hellas and Rome," and "History of Costume among Civilized Nations." 99 66 In Fournier, Alix, A French composer, born in 1866; died in Joinville in September, 1897. He produced songs that have been sung everywhere, such as "Chanson Molalave," "Floreat," "J'ai vu s'envoler mon beau rêve." "Soir tombe," "Ave Maria," and "Le Fil de la Vierge," also several cantatas and the opera "Stratonice," rich in science and harmonic combinations and in unexpected touching lyric passages. Fourtou, M. de, a French statesman, born in Ribérac in 1836; died in Paris, Dec. 6, 1897. Under the empire he was appointed mayor of his native place. In 1871 his citizens sent him to represent them in the National Assembly. He took his place in the Right Center, and in 1872 M. Thiers intrusted to him the portfolio of Public Works, but in a few weeks he retired with Jules Simon. He entered for five days the last Cabinet formed by M. Thiers on May 19, 1873, as Minister of Worship. On Nov. 26, 1873, after the septennate was voted, he was called to the Ministry of Public Instruction, Worship, and Fine Arts. His assumption of office was signalized by the retirement of numerous professors suspected of liberal tendencies and by the re-establishment of the censure. In 1877 he was made Minister of the Interior in the Broglie Cabinet. In 1877 Marshal MacMahon called him to this post again. He was the minister who countersigned the manifesto of Sept. 19, 1877, in which Marshal MacMahon announced that if the Deputies elected would not act in harmony with the Government he would depend on the Senate alone. The new Chamber appointed a committee to inquire into the abuses of power of which the Cabinet was accused, and on May 23, 1878, the ministers had to resign. In 1880 M. de Fourtou was made a Senator. He sat on the Right, but never took a prominent part in the discussions. In 1889 he re-entered the Chamber of Deputies, and there he preserved an attitude of complete silence and indifference. He once fought a duel with Gambetta. Franks, Sir Augustus Wollaston, an English archæologist, born in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1826; died in London, May 22, 1897. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, being graduated in 1849. His antiquarian and artistic tastes manifested themselves early, and even before he took his degree he had published "A Book of Ornamental Glazing Quarries" (1849). He became an assistant in the British Museum in 1851, and for many years was keeper of the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, resigning in 1895. In 1853 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, was twice director of that society, and was its president from 1892 until his death. In 1888 he was knighted. He was long recognized as almost the highest anthority in such departments as the arts of the Renaissance and Oriental ceramics. He made many valuable contributions to the museum, including a superb collection of Chinese and Japanese porcelain and pottery, exhibited for years at the Bethnal Green Museum. His personal influence secured to the British Museum also gifts and legacies of other valuable collections. He published "Recent Excavations and Discoveries on the Site of Ancient Carthage" (1860); "Hora Ferales," by J. M. Kemble (edited, 1863); "Guide to the Christy Collection of Prehistoric Antiquities and Ethnography" (1868); "Catalogue of a Collection of Oriental Porcelain and Pottery," a work of much value (1876); and "Japanese Pottery" (edited, 1880). Fresenius, Carl Remigius, a German chemist, born in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1818; died in Wiesbaden, June 11, 1897. After leaving school and passing through an apprenticeship with an apothecary he prepared himself for his later vocation in the University of Bonn, whence he went into the laboratory of Liebig, who, in 1841, made him his assistant. After taking his doctor's degree in 1842 he settled in the following year in the University of Giessen, which he left in 1845 to become Professor of Physics, Chemistry, and Technology in the agricultural institute at Wiesbaden. In 1848 he founded the chemical laboratory that in the course of a half century has extended his fame to all countries. About 1860 he added to it a school of pharmacy, and in 1895 a bacteriological laboratory. In 1862 he started the journal of analytical chemistry which, together with his manual of qualitative analysis, established his reputation as chief of analytical chemists. He published works on the measurement of alkali and acid reactions, on a new method of testing potash and soda, on acid fermentation of fruit and wine, on a new method of detecting arsenical poisoning, on the ammonia in the atmosphere, etc., and innumerable analyses of medicinal spring waters. His methods of instruction and his laboratory apparatus have been adopted generally. Ghika, Prince Ion, a Roumanian statesman, born in 1817; died in Bucharest, May 4, 1897. His family had long been conspicuous in the history of the Danubian principalities, and he, after studying in Paris, where he imbibed the humanitarian and democratic spirit of the romantic school, endeavored to awaken among his countrymen ambition for national reform and independence. He took part in the Ibraila conspiracy in 1841, and was shut out for a time from public life and honors. After devoting himself during this period to literary and scientific work and to his duties as Professor of Mathematics and Political Economy in the University of Jassy, he became once more an active politician when the principalities seemed ripe for a new revolution. As one of the leaders of the National party he had a great deal to do with organizing the revolutionary movement of 1848. The Provisional Government of the principalities sent him as its diplomatic agent to Constantinople, where he continued to reside as an exile after the fall of his litical friends at Bucharest. In 1854, on the recommendation of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, he was appointed by the Sublime Porte to the governorship of Samos, and for five years he administered the affairs of the island with remarkable success. In 1859, when Prince Couza had at last accomplished the union of Moldavia and Wallachia, Prince Ghika returned to Bucharest, became a prominent member of the Liberal Opposition, and was a leader in the movement that culminated in 1866 in the deposition of the reigning prince and the election of Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as constitutional ruler of Roumania. Prince Ghika was Prime Minister in 1867, and again in 1870, and held portfolios in several other cabinets. In 1880 he was appointed Roumanian minister in London, where he remained until failing health compelled him to resign in 1887. He was a distinguished and a voluminous author, and for his literary services was elected President of the Roumanian Academy. po Gilbert, Sir John, an English artist, born in Blackheath, near London, in 1817; died in Villerssur-Mer, France, Oct. 6, 1897. He entered a realestate agent's office in London, where, instead of familiarizing himself with the details of the profession, he educated himself as an artist. When but nineteen years old he exhibited his first picture, "The Arrest of Lord Hastings by the Protector, Richard II, Duke of Gloucester," at the Suffolk Street Gallery, London. In 1838 a portrait by him was accepted by the Royal Academy. One of his pictures was accepted by the British Institution in 1839, and from that time till his death he was constantly represented at this gallery, and occasionally at the Royal Academy. Although exhibiting in the art galleries, Gilbert was not above taking commissions for work in black and white. In this connection he received from Henry Vizetelly, acting in behalf of Herbert Ingram, proprietor of Old Parr's Life Pills, and subsequently founder of the "Illustrated London News," in 1841, a commission to supply him for advertising with an engraving of Old Parr's gravestone in Westminster Abbey, and with "designs to be made of Old Parr gathering medicinal herbs, of his introduction to King Charles, and of other incidents in the old Shropshire peasant's apocryphal long life." This led to Gilbert's connection with the "Illustrated London News" in the following year. The first design for illustrated journalism from his pencil was one of a state fancydress ball held by command of Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace. Writing on the subject of Gilbert's remarkable versatility, in his "Glances back through Seventy Years," Ingram says: "In 1842 it would have been well-nigh impossible to have kept an illustrated paper going had not Mr. John Gilbert's facile and imaginative pencil been available for the purpose." When, in 1843, the "Pictorial Times" was launched, its proprietors immediately secured the services of John Gilbert, who contributed to its pages considerably more drawings than to the "Illustrated News," although subsequently he was retained on the staff of the latter journal for some years. Gilbert also drew weekly illustrations for the "London Journal," and for a time was connected with "Punch," but was forced out by its editor, Douglas Jerrold. Years afterward "Punch" renewed its connection with him. Gilbert illustrated many of the best editions of the British classics, and concluded with an edition of Shakespeare, on which he was engaged many years, and which was considered to contain the finest complete set of illustrations ever made. He was elected an associate of the Society of Painters in Water Colors in 1852, and one year later was made a member. He painted "The Queen inspecting the Coldstream Guards in the Hall of Buckingham Palace" in 1856, and after viewing this picture John Ruskin remarked that Gilbert, unlike other painters of royalty, had "retained his presence of mind" and given a scene perfectly natural as well as perfectly artistic. In 1871 Gilbert became President of the Society of Painters in Water Colors. He soon afterward received the honor of knighthood, was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1872, and was made a full member in 1876. Among other honors confered upon him are the Cross of the Legion of Honor, the freedom of the city of London (he was the only artist to be so honored), honorary membership in the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colors of Belgium, and in the Society of Artists of the same country. He was elected President of the Liverpool Society of Painters in Water Colors and honorary member of the Royal Society of British Artists. Some years before his death he decided to present his work to the nation, and accordingly in 1893 he distributed his paintings among the public art galleries of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham. Most of his pictures are historical. They comprise such subjects as "The Murder of Thomas à Becket," 'Charge of the Cavaliers at Naseby," "Wolsey and Buckingham," and "The Entry of Joan of Arc into Orleans." In 1874 he exhibited at the Royal Academy "The Field of the Cloth of Gold"; in 1875, three pictures, among which was "Tewkesbury Abbey: Queen Margaret carried Prisoner to Edward after the Battle of Tewkesbury"; in 1876, The Crusaders" and "Richard II resigning the Crown to Bolingbroke"; in 1887,"Cardinal Wolsey at Leicester Abbey " and "Doge and Senators of Venice"; in 1889, "Ego et Rex Meus" and "Onward." The range of Gilbert's power, the vividness of his dramatic sense, the perfect command of his materials, added to the individuality by which he revolutionized the art of drawing on wood, place him immeasurably above his contemporaries in his own line. Godefroid, Félix, a French musician, born in Namur in 1818; died in Villers-sur-Mer in July, 1897. He was admitted to the Paris Conservatory at the age of twelve, and at the age of nineteen he composed his famous " Dance of Sylphs." The first harpist of his time, he introduced important improvements in the mechanism of his instrument, increasing the size of the strings and the volume of sound. He wrote masses and other pieces for the harp and orchestra, and many charming harp solos. Godfrey, G. W., an English dramatist, died in London, April 10, 1897. He was for many years a clerk in the Admiralty Office, retiring in 1894. His plays were therefore written in his leisure hours, but such was his knowledge of stage craft and the brightness of his dialogue and biting satire on the manners and customs of modern society that the best actors appeared in the casts, and they made great hits on the London stage. Their titles are Queen Mab," "The Queen's Shilling," "Vanity Fair," "The Parvenu," "My Milliner's Bill," and "The Mysogynist." Goto Shojiro, Count, a Japanese statesman, born in 1837; died in Tokio, Aug. 4, 1897. He was a leader in the movement that culminated in the restoration of the Mikado in 1867, and to his services in that period he owed his title and a considerable hereditary income. In later events he failed to display sufficient force and sagacity to bring him to the front. He associated himself in 1873 with the Saigo party, which advocated recourse to arms in Korea. In 1887 he fell into disgrace through his connection with a weak political agitation. Goulbourn, Edward Meyrick, an English clergyman, born in London, Feb. 11, 1818; died in Tunbridge Wells, May 3, 1897. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and became a fellow of Merton College in 1841. In 1850 he succeeded Dr. Tait as head master of Rugby School, from which he retired in 1858. In the following year he became vicar of St. John's, Paddington, his fame as a preacher at this time being very general. He was a profound scholar as well as an acute reasoner, and to his possession of these qualities was added a grace of delivery that invariably charmed his hearers. In 1866 he was appointed Dean of Norwich, and he resigned that office June 16, 1889. From that time he lived in semi-retirement at Tunbridge Wells. As a writer his reputation was very wide in the religious world, his best-known work being "Thoughts on Personal Religion' (1862), a book which has exerted a strong influence in deepening religious feeling. His other works include "The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Same Body," forming the Bampton Lectures for 1850 (1850); "Devotional Forms" (1851); "Rudimentary Treatise on Grammar " (1852); “Parochial and Other Sermons" (1853); "Introduction to the Devotional Study of the Holy Scriptures" (1854); "The Idle Word: Short Religious Essays on the Gift of Speech" (1855); "The Book of Rugby School" (1856); "The Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures" (1857); "Sermons" (1862); "The Education of the World," a reply to "Essays and Reviews" (1862); “Popular Objections to the Book of Common Prayer considered" (1868): "The Functions of Our Cathedrals" (1869); "The Principles of the Cathedral System " (1870); "The Great Commission" (1872); "The Child Samuel" (1876); "The Collects of the Day: An Exposition" (1880); "Everlasting Punishment" (1880); "Meditations upon the Liturgical Gospels for the Minor Festivals" (1886); "Three Counsels of the Divine Master for the Conduct of the Spiritual Life" (1888); "The Ancient Sculptures in the Roof of Norwich Cathedral," with Henry Symonds (1876); “Life, Letters, and Sermons of Herbert de Losinga " (1879); "Farewell to Norwich Cathedral" (1891). Although in early life attached to the evangelical school, in the latter part of his career he was counted among the moderate High Churchmen. Guarino, Giuseppe, an Italian prelate, born in Montedoro, March 6, 1827; died in Messina, Sept. 22, 1897. He rose to be Archbishop of Messina and a cardinal, receiving the berretta Jan. 16. 1893. Havelock - Allan, Sir Henry Marshman, an English general, born in Chinsurah, India. Aug. 6, 1830; died at Ali Mesjid, in the Khaibar pass, Dec. 30, 1897. His father was Gen. Henry Havelock, and his mother was a daughter of Dr. Marshman, a Baptist missionary in India. He entered the army as an ensign in 1846, received a lieutenant's commission when eighteen years of age, and was a captain at twenty-seven. On his father's staff he saw service in the Persian campaign, distinguishing himself in the capture of Mohumrah. He was his father's aid through the mutiny campaigns, and was present at the battles of Futtehpur, Aoung, Pandoo, Nuddee, Cawnpore, Busserut, Gunge, Mungarwar, and Alumbagh, and in the relief of Lucknow and the defense of the residency, and in both these actions was wounded. After he was promoted captain he took part under Gen. Franks in the actions of Nusrutpur, Chanda, Umeerpur, and Sultanpur. In 1858 he was breveted major and was created a baronet, his father, for whom the honor was intended, having died. On the staff of Gen. Luard he was present at the relief of Azimghur and in the operations against the Jugdespur rebels. Later in the year he commanded a cavalry detachment in Oude under Lord Clyde, and was present at Burgudeea, Musjeedia, and Raptee. For his brilliant services in India he was frequently mentioned in dispatches, and was made a brevet lieutenant colonel, though barely thirty years of age. After two years of staff duty at Aldershot, he took part, in 1863, in the war against the Maoris of New Zealand, being present at Rangariri, Paterangi, and Orakau, and in command at the battle of Wairre. From 1867 till 1869 he was assistant quartermaster general in Canada, becoming in 1868 a colonel, and then served in the same capacity on the staff in Ireland till 1872. He was made a major general in 1878 and lieutenant general in 1881. His passion for seeing fighting was such that he acted as a newspaper correspondent in order to witness the actions of the Franco-German and Russo-Servian wars, and in 1882 he went to Egypt and was in the foremost fighting line at Kassassin, causing an insurance company to cancel the policy on his life. When not in active service Sir Henry Havelock took an earnest interest in politics. He entered the House of Commons as an advanced Liberal in 1874, and represented Sunderland till 1881, when he was appointed to the command of a brigade at Aldershot. In 1884 he was returned as a Liberal for Durham, and in 1886 was elected again as a Liberal-Unionist. Losing his seat in 1892, he was returned again in 1895. The surname Allan was coupled with his own in 1880, in compliance with the testamentary request of a relative. Sir Henry Havelock-Allan was a member of the political staff that accompanied Sir William Lockhart in the campaign against the Afridis, and while riding out to visit a newly recaptured post in the pass he went ahead of the escort, and was killed by Afridi sharpshooters lying in wait for stragglers. Heaton, John Aldam, an English decorative artist, born in Yorkshire in 1830; died in Hampstead, London, Nov. 20, 1897. His early training among the looms of his native shire gave him the technical knowledge of fabrics that was afterward so useful to him, and his extraordinary sensitiveness to color enabled him to arrange the greatest variety of combinations of tint and ornament. He designed innumerable patterns in furniture, wall papers, and stained glass, and in his early days was to some extent a follower of preraphaelite ideas. In 1889 he published in two folio volumes " Furniture and Decoration in England during the Eighteenth Century," which ranks as the final authority on the subject. Heemskerk, M. A. J., a Dutch statesman, born in 1818; died at the Hague, Oct. 10, 1897. He belonged to the old Conservative party, and formerly was a leading figure in the politics of the Netherlands. He possessed vast knowledge and great political sagacity, was more than once intrusted with the formation of a cabinet, and several times was a cabinet minister. Hewlett, Henry Gay, an English writer, born in London, April 4, 1832; died Feb. 25, 1897. His wide acquaintance with black-letter history and law, almost in effect a family inheritance, led to his appointment in 1865 as keeper of the Land Revenue Records and Record Agent for the Crown, which place he resigned in 1895. He was long the friend of Henry Chorley, the well-known critic, and as his literary executor edited the "Autobiography, Memoirs, and Letters of Henry Fothergill Chorley" in 1873. His published works include "The Heroes of Europe: A Biographical Outline of European History, A. D. 700-1700" (1860); "Shakespeare's Curse, and Other Poems" (1861); "A Sheaf of Verse" (1877); "Rogeri Wendover Liber qui dicitur Flores Historiarum (1886); Post-Norman Britain" (1887); and "The Wayfarer's Wallet," verse (1888). Holden, Sir Isaac, a British inventor, born in Hurlet, near Paisley, in 1807; died in Keighley, Yorkshire, Aug. 13, 1897. He was the son of a coal miner, attended a grammar school at Kilbarchan for two years, worked a short time in a cotton mill, returned to school at the age of thirteen, and after learning Latin and bookkeeping became a teacher at Paisley, and in 1828 a teacher of mathematics in an academy at Leeds. Subsequently he taught Latin and Greek, science, and history in Reading, and while there made experiments which resulted in the discovery of the lucifer match, but did not secure a patent. He had hoped to become a preacher, having embraced the Wesleyan doctrines at an early age, but abandoned his ambition and in 1830 entered the service of a wool-comber at Collingworth. Finding here full scope for his inventive powers, in a few years he completely revolu tionized the process of wool-combing. In 1846 he removed to Bradford, and in association with S. C. Lister, afterward Lord Masham, perfected many improvements in wool-combing machinery. 1848 they established shops at St.-Denis, in France, and after these were closed, in 1860, they opened still larger works at Bradford, which grew to be the most extensive in the world, employing, with the branch shops in Croix and Rheims, more than 4.000 persons. The firm acquired an honorable reputation for efforts to improve the social and intellectual status of the work people. Mr. Holden entered the House of Commons as a Liberal in 1865, resigned his seat in favor of his son-in-law, Alfred Illingworth, in 1868, and was not successful in his efforts to obtain another till 1882. He was reelected in 1885 and 1886, finally retiring in 1892. He was created a baronet in 1893. In How, William Walsham, an English prelate, born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, Dec. 13, 1823; died at Leenane, Connemara, Ireland, Aug. 10, 1897. He was a graduate of Oxford, and after taking holy orders became curate of St. George's, Kidderminster, in 1846. His next curacy was at Holy Cross, Shrewsbury, which he received in 1848 and relinquished in 1851 to become rector of Whittington, Shropshire. He remained at Whittington twenty-eight years, during which time he became widely known as a writer, and in 1879 was appointed to the living of Saint Andrew Undershaft in London. This office he held a few months only, till his consecration as Suffragan Bishop of Bedford in July of that year. In his new office his work lay wholly in East London, where he not only won the regard of his clergy, |