walls of Fort Detroit before he surrendered his army to the English without firing a gun. The whole Northwest fell into the hands of the English. TWENTIETH WEEK. Naval Victories. c. Invasion of Canada. Little was expected of our navy. But a great surprise was in store for the world when the American frigate "Constitution" met the "Guerriere" off the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1812. A terrific battle ensued. With great holes torn in her side the "Guerriere" lay a helpless wreck, and soon "struck" her flag to the "Constitution." Later the "Constitution" won a similar victory over the British frigate "Java," and was given the proud name of "Old Ironsides." b. Perry's Victory on Lake Erie. In 1813 Captain Perry was busy building a fleet of war vessels on Lake Erie. The British were doing the same. In September, 1813, the two fleets met. For three hours the battle raged. Perry's flagship, the "Lawrence," was badly shattered and her crew nearly all killed or wounded. Perry was rowed to the "Niagara." He immediately gave the signal for close action, and in eight minutes the victory was won. It was at this time that Perry wrote his famous dispatch to Harrison: "We have met the enemy and they are ours." c. Invasion of Canada. Events on the Canadian frontier were a little more favorable in 1814. The battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane were won and Fort Erie was taken. McDonough won the battle of Lake Champlain. d. Burning of Washington. A large expedition under Admiral Cockburn sailed up Chesapeake Bay and marched against the capital. Washington was unprotected and they entered the city August, 1814. The Capitol, the White House and the Department buildings were burned. e. Jackson's Victory at New Orleans. The most important British expedition of the war was sent against New Orleans. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, was sent to defend New Orleans. He gathered about 6,000 riflemen from Kentucky, Tennessee, and the regions around. January 8, 1815, the British assault was made. It was over in twenty-five minutes. Pakenham was slain and 2,600 of his men were killed or wounded. The Americans lost eight killed and thirteen were wounded. When the news reached Washington, the country was rejoicing over the treaty of peace, signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814. f. Result, Commercial Independence. (Continued from December, 1905, Monographs.) BY CHARLES SCHLIVINSKI. V, VI. Case of Personal Pronouns. Method: 1. I believe you. 2. He saw me. 3. They helped her. 4. Does she hear them? 5. What is the matter with him? 6. You know it well. 7. I myself heard the remark. 8. The boy hurt himself. 9. It is poor work. State subject; predicate. To what is the action of the verb directed? Definition: An object is a noun, pronoun,† phrase or clause to which the action of the verb is directed. 10. My soul is sad to-day. 11. We followed his dog. 12. Their bridles are broken. What three relations have the pronouns? At this point noun and pronoun are enough. Case. Subject of verb: I, he, they, she, you, myself, it. Denotes possession: My, his, their. Object of verb and of preposition: You, me, her, them, himself, him. case. These three cases are named nominative case, possessive case, objective Definition: Case is the relation a noun or pronoun bears to other words in the sentence. Nominative case is the case of the subject of a verb. Possessive case is the case of a noun or pronoun used to denote pos session. Objective case is the case of the object of a verb or preposition. Declension of Pronouns. is Illustrative Method: Fill blanks with personal pronouns representing: 1. A boy spoken of. 2. A girl spoken of. 3. A tree spoken of. ten years old. I do not know height. I often go to see Fill blank with personal pronouns representing: 1. A boy spoken of. 2. A girl spoken of. This book is — Fill blanks with personal pronouns representing: 1. Two or more boys spoken of. 2. Two or more girls spoken of. 3. Two or more trees spoken are each ten years old. I do not know heights. I often of. go to see Declension of Personal Pronouns. Fill blanks with personal pronouns representing: 1. Two or more boys spoken of. 2. Two or more girls spoken of. These books are Have declension of personal pronouns. Definitions: Inflection is the changing of forms to express different relations. The inflection of a noun or pronoun is called its declension. Declension shows change in number and case. To decline a noun or pronoun is to give in order its three case forms in both numbers. Case of Nouns. Exercise: 1. The boy brought a watch. 2. An officer caught the thief. 3. Birds build nests. 4. The boy stood by the door. 5. He heard his father's voice. 6. A wave upset the boat. 7. John has given Henry Annie's pencil. Apply here definitions learned for pronouns. Similarly follow with declension of nouns. Formation of Possessives. RULES. I. To form possessives of singular and plural nouns not ending in s, add 's. II. To form possessives of singular nouns ending in s, generally add 's; sometimes only'. III. To form possessives of plural nouns ending in s, add Exercise: Express relation between the nouns in the following pairs by putting one of them in the possessive case-in sentences: Witness, testimony; hoof, horse; Delmonico, restaurant; teacher, advice; navy, Spain; public reception, President; Webster, orations; Demosthenes, orations; Charles II, reign; conscience, sake; horse, general; princess, evening gowns; cat, claws; enemy, repulse; Major André, capture; week, wages; worth, dollars; march, day; death, door; pity, sake; vacation, week; day, journey; month, interest; Charles, absence. Special Points: In last exercise it is seen that the possessive case does not always denote possession. It is used to show authorship, origin, kind, etc.; e. g., on our account, to their credit, in my absence, for my sake, in his defence. Exercise: Give possessives of: Charles, Dickens, Douglas, James, (1); Henry the Eighth, Frederick the Great, (2); Jack the Giant Killer, thy servant David, Miss Austen, father-in-law, (3); somebody else, who else, (4); William and Mary, Webster and Worcester (5). Note: 1. Words ending in s sound-usually take sound. 2. Appositive alone takes sign. 3. Compounds are treated as single words. 4. Pronouns with else, usually else takes sign; exception: whose else. 5. In series, last takes sign. Exercise: Write possessive case, singular and plural of:† Actor, calf, child, countess, day, deer, eagle, elephant, fairy, farmer, fox, goose, horse, king, lady, lion, man, monkey, mouse, mouth, ox, prince, princess, thief, wife, witness, wolf, woman, year, sister, mother, bee, poet, woman, bird, boy, soldier, friend, girl, judge. For material see Plurals. VII. Interrogative Pronouns. 1. What is that sound? 2. Which shall I take? 3. Whom do you take her to be? 4. You ask who I am? 5. Who is to blame? Definition: Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Declension. Singular and Plural. Nominative, who. Possessive, whose. Objective, whom. Interrogative pronouns are not inflected for person, number or gender. Exercise: 1. What is the Constitution? 2. What are the wild waves saying? 3. What is so rare as a day in June? 4. Who planted this old apple tree? 5. Tell us what they fought each other for?* 6. Do you ask what the birds say? † *Note indirect questions. Exercise: 1. Interrogative Pronouns. Who or Whom. do you mean? 2. did you give it to? will you invite? 4. 6. know to send. 9. to ask for. 11. has met. 13. have we here? 3. 5. were you do you think I am? will be elected? 15. Relative Pronouns. do you will finish the work. 18. should I meet 19. Illustrative Method: 1. We found a guide who answered our ques tions. 2. The wind, which rose suddenly, had now ceased. 3. They that seek wisdom will be wise. 4. They are slaves. 5. They dare not be in the right with two or three. a. Join 4 and 5 in one sentence. 6. They are slaves who dare not be In the right with two or three. b. What part of speech are underlined words? c. To what word does who relate? etc. d. What does who add to guide? etc. e. How many assertions? f. Read principal one. g. What is office of other assertion? h. Which word refers to the (n. or pro.)? i. How are the assertions joined? j. What is office of who? etc. Definition: A relative pronoun is a pronoun relating to an antecedent to which it adds another assertion. Declension of Relative Pronouns. Method: 1. This was a signal to the patriots-(who) instantly despatched swift messengers to rouse the country (patriot who). 2. There is a reaper (whose) name is Death (are reapers whose). 3. I am he(whom) you seek. We are they-(whom) you seek. Singular and Plural. Nominative, who. Possessive, whose. Objective, whom. VII.-A. S. Interrogative Sentences. Transposed Order; Expletive "There."† Exercise: 1. Are there any more left? 2. When can their glory fade? 3. Is there no hope? 4. Whom did the old man ask for? 5. Have you not heard? 6. Down went the Royal George. 7. A dainty plant is the ivy green. 8. That gale I well remember. 9. Overhead I heard a murmur. 10. At the door, on summer evenings, sat the little Hiawatha. 11. There are two sides to every question. 12. There is no one here. 13. There was no help for him. 14. There is no peace to the wicked. 15. There is no royal road to learning. Expletive. Latin-filling up. VIII. Relative Pronouns. Uses. WHO: 1. *Usually applied to persons. WHICH: 1. Always applied to lower animals and lifeless things. 2. Antecedent may be phrase (or clause). 3. To avoid awkward construction, which sometimes has possessive whose. THAT: 1. Applied to persons, animals or things. 4. Preferred to who or which, when it introduces restrictive relative clause,† and after joint reference to persons and things. WHAT: 1. Applied to things, generally with no expressed antecedent. * Figures refer to groups of sentences following. † Formal rule need not be learned. 1. 1. They were accompanied by some Indians who were skilful divers. 2. We made preparations for our journey, which lay through mountainous regions. 3. In the centre of the wood stood an enormous tulip tree, which towered like a giant above all the other trees of the neighborhood. 4. His good steed, which had borne him through many a hard fight, had fallen under him. 5. The cargo, which was valuable, was lost. 6. Thrice is he armed that hath his just quarrel. 7. Even the very dog that lay stretched at his feet would look fondly up in his master's face. 8. A city that is set on a hill cannot be taken. 9. Things are not what they seem. |