165239 12 814 17 1 25 2 21 10 18 19 15 18 4 226 24 7 11 20 3 11208 with the same figures, beginning with the third; thus, 3, 4, 2, 1, 5, and repeat this process until the Το square A is filled. construct square B, with in like manner the multiples of 5,-0, 5, 10, 15, 20,in any order, taking care, however, to begin the second row with the fourth number of the series. Complete the magic square C by adding the numbers in one square to those in corresponding positions in the second; thus, 10+2= = 12; then, 20 + 5 = 25, etc., etc., the sum being written in corresponding places in square C. This process gives squares totally unlike those made by the rule given above. By this method any number can be made to fall in any desired place. C the most remote vacant cell and then written. The upper right-hand column would then contain these numbers: 3, 16, 9, 22, 15; the middle column, 7, 25, 13, 1, 19, etc. There is the great Magic Square of Magic Squares, which is a magic square of 256 cells, filled up by the numbers from 1 to 256. The construction of this great square, which has a number of interesting and curious properties, depends upon that of a magic square of 16 cells, having the sum of the four numbers in any square of four cells always the same. In the Scientific American, of the date of 1870, I think, there appeared a curious arrangement. It was a magic square containing a lesser magic square, and this lesser composed of four magic squares, the heavy lines indicating the several distinctions. The sum of the num 90 14 12 10084 984 96 10 2 16 66 86 87 63 22 80 81 19 85 92 89616042 75 25 24 789 7 59 41 40 62 28 77 76 26 94 88 38 64 65 35 82 20 21 79 18 In the Mathematical Dictionary there is given a simple bers in the largest square, whether counting upward, method for forming a magic square, as follows: Set down the numbers in the form of a natural square, as shown in the dia across, or diagonally, is 505; omitting the outside numbers, the sum is 404; in each of the four small squares the sum is 202. It is certainly an ingenious arrangement, but no rule for its construction is apparent. MODERN METHODS IN ARITHMETIC.- (III.)* BY A. E. WINSHIP. 10. Teach the numbers from 10 to 19. Whether story-telling is continued depends upon the teacher's estimate of its need. Objects should be used at any rate, and if the children are skillful in story-telling, and enjoy it, they can do it with little waste of time. They should keep the same ten objects in one group, and place the addition near it, but they should not be merged as below 10. The aim up to 10 was to have them know the number entire,- to know it in all its parts and combinations. * Copyright, 1887. ANSWERING ADVERTISEMENTS. UPERINTENDENT FRANCIS COGSWELL, of Cambridge, Mass., culled the following advertisements from Boston dailies for use in examinations of pupils. They are selected for a purpose other than the mere educative tendency of answering advertisements. One advertisement would do that, but these carefully compiled samples indicate the kind of boys and girls that men and women desire, and the variety of fields open to those Review frequently some of the work done before 10. who can fill them. Each pupil was expected to answer Have much practice with combinations. the one, which he thought himself most likely to secure : WANTED; A strong and willing to make himself ANTED-A bright, smart young boy to learn the leather useful. Address "B. B. & Co.," 50 High Street, Boston, Mass. Wafacturing establishment; must be quick and accurate at ANTED-A young woman to act as book-keeper in a manfigures; one accustomed to use of typewriter preferred; first-class references required. Address, stating salary expected, "V, 91," Herald Office. ANTED-A clerk in a grocery store; one who is industrious, can come. Address "J. L. & Co.," Portsmouth, N. H. WANTED A young late as assistant cashier and, entry clerk; experience not absolutely necessary. Address, stating experience, if any, and reference. ABRAM FRENCH & Co., 91 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass. WANT aperi, ne press work; steady place at fair wages ANTED-Printer to set advertisements and take charge of for the right man. Address "W. B. H.," 3 Linden Street, Cambridge, Mass. Wave good business and artistic talent, and come well recom WANTED-A young lady in photographer's studio; must mended. Address 154 Tremont Street, Room 15, Boston, Mass. WA WANTED-A young man who is steady and does not smoke, to assist in a stable; one with some experience; name price per month. Address "A. A. A.," Revere, Mass. 3 ladies to Wand qualify for lucrative situations at salaries rangiography Ad$15 to $35 per week; splendid opening to the right persons. dress Boston Telegraph Institute, 258 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. WANTED- Boys from 16 to 18 years of age, from high and grammar schools, as stock boys and junior salesmen, to grow up in our business; none others need apply. Address Mr. BARRY, with Jordan, Marsh, & Co., Boston, Mass. ANTED-An intelligent girl for general housework in a pay to right person. Address, with particulars, "M, 94," Herald Office. ANTED-Girls to learn to set type; good scholars only; also a smart boy who neither smokes nor swears. Address W. C. CANNON, 277 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. BOSTON PENMANSHIP IN 1790. The second is on "Rural Felicity": E present below a fac-simile of a page from a writing-book used by Edward Cruft in 1790, in one of the grammar schools of Boston. We are indebted to James A. Page, master of the Dwight School, for the loan of the book from which it is taken. Every page of this book bears evidence of the same skill as seen in this fac-simile. It is not a copy-book in any sense, but is made up from a variety of exercises. The first is dedicated to "A Watch"; the following is the sentiment: "How blest the man who, far from noise and strife, No dupe to fashion and no slave to fear; Tho' few his friends, he finds these friends sincere, The third is entitled "Success in Business; or, The "When Business calls us to unfurl the Sails, PENMANSHIP.—(III). * BY W. F. LYON, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. grade. Open to first copy in copy-book, which is small i. Study it, ask questions about it, and answer questions which the children may ask. Place an exercise upon the board which will develop this letter,-a counting exercise for five minutes, in which all work together; make fast enough to hurry up the slow ones, and slow enough to hold the nervous ones in check,—just as the expert horseman handles two strange horses which do not work quite in harmony. When the teacher has them perfectly in hand, she may stop counting, and give each one in the room a little personal attention. Take the pen and show them how. She should not spend too much time giving un due praise to the bright ones, but she should be very particular to assist the dull ones. When all have practiced sufficiently upon the exercises, let them put the letter or word in the copy-book. Write it once or twice in the copybook; compare with copy. Should there be any mistakes, go back to exercise book and correct them. Then try the copy-book again, and so on, bringing the best work to the copy-book to compare it with the perfect copy. It will be found that, working upon this plan, all will håve great freedom so far as speed is concerned, for while all will write a certain amount in a copy-book, some will have done twice as much as others in the exercise book. If these two books are skillfully handled there will be no YMNASTICS or calisthenic exercises are useful in connection with the writing lesson. A finger exercise will be found very good. The teacher should stand in front of the school, the right hand straight by the side; then swing the hand directly out from the body, sideways, to an upright position, quickly; bring it back to first position; have children do the same. Repeat this two or three times, until they can follow you. Now ask them to watch your hand; as it goes up, separate the second and third fingers; try this several times; then separate the first and second fingers; then third and fourth. The whole exercise need not occupy more than two minutes; it will amuse the children. Lead them to think of their fingers, and after a few days they will be able to separate the fingers at will. When the fingers obey the will, penholding becomes very simple. The teacher should take the pencil in her hand and hold it where all can see; call their attention to it, show them where it crosses the first finger (which is right where a ring would be worn on that finger), and then point out to them where the second finger is, and where the thumb touches the pencil. This will have to be repeated frequently with some. A draw-drawing done in the copy-books, and yet they will be very ing of a hand on the blackboard will help greatly. Children will look at a picture, though it may be imperfect. carefully and very neatly filled. It is impossible to make an exercise book a copy-book, and vice versa. It will be observed that the teacher who works in this way will not have much time to sit during the writing lesson. She should have her eyes open that no time be wasted upon useless exercises. Allow the use of no exercise except such as she dictates. Count whenever necessary, and when counting see that every one follows the count closely. Watch position and penholding. The third year is the proper time to take pen and ink. The children by this time have learned the form, position at desk, and pen-holding, so that we may now give particular attention to the new implement. The great source of trouble is the ink, but if the desks are supplied with corked ink-wells, much of this difficulty will be avoided. It will be necessary to return once more to first principles, and go over nearly the same ground as that over which Fifth year Use No. 2 copy-book, with exercise book we traveled the second year, but we can move more rap-in the same manner as previous year. The children are idly. We can use more words and much longer words. at proper age and sufficiently developed muscularly to The work in the first few weeks of this year must be take up what is known as the "fore-arm or muscular slowly and very carefully done. There must be no scrib-movement." But little difficulty will be experienced if bling allowed, and the children should be taught that blotting is disgraceful. The slovenly practice of throwing ink from the pen upon the floor should never be allowed. Writing-books, ruled in same manner as those used in the second year, will be found well calculated for this work. The pen should have a rather broad, flexible point. The pen-holder should be light, tapering toward the upper end; those with rubber tips for holding the pen are best, as the fingers will not slip easily upon them. In the fourth year introduce a book with a printed copy. Let every child be provided with an exercise book. If they do not use this exercise book, they will write a certain number of words at a lesson, and no more, and the writing will become practically like drawing. Use for an exercise book the same book as is used in the third * Copyright, 1887. the previous work has been done as marked out, and if the teacher has perfect control of her school. In beginning this allow a great deal of freedom. Do not expect them to get any very good letters for some time. The small i will again come in very nicely; it is very simple and easily made; try it three spaces high, and bring it down to the required height by degrees. Loose, meaningless exercises do not amount to much. Every exercise should have in it some part of a letter that is aimed at. When children once find that they can write with this free, easy motion, they will give the teacher but little trouble. Create enthusiasm in this, and it will never die out. It may be found necessary to omit the copy-book for a week, and perhaps for a month. Do not touch it until all have become thoroughly interested in the move ment. THE SPECIAL OFFER READINGS AND PLAYS COMBINED IN ONE BOOK. of THE YOUTH'S COMPANION, which we have published, includes the admirable RECITATIONS Double Holiday Numbers for Thanksgiving and Christmas, with colored covers and full-page pictures, twenty pages each. These, with the other weekly issues to January 1, 1888, will be sent free to all new subscribers who send $1.75 for a year's subscription to January, 1889. THE COMPANION has been greatly enlarged, is finely illustrated, and no other weekly literary paper gives so much for so low a price. The New England Bureau of Education. NEW TESTIMONIALS. "Hearing of your excellent Bureau of Education, I write for a circular and blank form of application, with a view to registering with you.' M. E. K. Warsaw, Ill. TEACHERS! Conducting your schools in good Our New School Aids will assist in quiet order. Each set contains 216 large beautiful chromo excelsior, merit and credit cards elegantly lithographed in sixty different designs, colors and mottoes: price per set $1: half set 108 cards 50c. Large set samples pretty chromo day school reward, prize, fine gift cards and teachers' school supplies 2c. Price list and few samples free: all postpaid by mail. Postage stamps taken. Please send a trial order. A. J. FOUCII & CO., WARREN, PA. Musical, far-sounding, and highly satisfactory Bells for Schools. Churches, etc. MENEELY & EstabCO., West Troy, N. Y. lished 1826. Description and prices on application. WORK FOR ALL. $50 A WEEK and expenses paid. Outfit worth 85 and particulars free. P. O. Vickery, Augusta, Me. I CURE FITS! I do not mean merely to stop them for a time and then have them return again. I mean a radical cure. I have made the disease of FITS, EPILEPSY OF FALLING SICKNESS a life-long study. I warrant my rem edy to cure the worst cases. Because others have failed is no reason for not now receiving a cure. at once for a treatise and a free bottle of my infalli. ble remedy. Give Express and Post Office. Send H. G. ROOT, M. C., 183 Pearl St., New York. Common School Education. A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO METHODS. $1.00 A YEAR. It has struck out a new path. Eight Series of Copyrighted Articles. "The Best Teachers' Paper I have ever seen." Send for sample copy. WILLIAM A. MOWRY, President. 240 Pages, only 30 Cts. No. 27 of Garrett's "100 CHOICE SELECTIONS" Series is now ready. It contains much original matter, (including two capital new Farces), embracing SENTIMENT, PATHOS, HUMOR, CHARACTER AND DRAMATIC SKETCHES, DIALECT, RELIGIOUS AND TEMPERANCE READINGS, DIALOGUES,-in fact just what you are looking for to make up a first-class Lyceum Entertainment, School Exhibition, Church Sociable or Parlor Theatrical. Price, 30 cents. Ask your Bookseller for No. 27, or send price to P. GARRETT & CO., 708 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Club Rates and LIST OF CONTENTS of all the Numbers sent FREE. Every Number different. Nothing repeated. Get the full set. ELEGANT AND USEFUL FOR THE OFFICE, THE JOHNSON REVOLVING BOOK CASE. A SUPERB PRESENT. Lawyers, Clergymen, Physicians, Editors, Bankers, Merchants, Teachers, Students, and all who read Books. CHEAPEST! STRONGEST! BEST! Made of Iron, finished in black, with beautiful gilt ornamentation, it cannot warp, check, split, get out of order, or wear out. Each shelf, 16 in. square, will hold 16 vols. size of Appleton's Cyclopædia. Holds more books in less space than any other device. 46 No. 1, For Table, to hold 1 tier of books,...$10.00 3, 2 tiers 12.00 44 2 12.00 66 3 66 46 ... 15.00 18.00 The best size for general use is No. 3. CATARRH New York, N. Y. positively cured by the great German Remedy. Sample package and book for 4 cents in stamps. E. H. Medical Co., East Hampton, Conn. EDUCATION. A MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR EDUCATORS. $3.00 A YEAR. Vigorous. : : : Intelligent. "It is an honor to the profession."-E. E. WHITE, Superintendent Schools, Cincinnati. "Admirably conducted. Fills a place never so well filled before." - WM. T. HARRIS, LL.D., Concord, Mass. EASTERN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, 50 Bromfield Street, Boston, Mass. |