this distinction. "This beautiful temple," observes a recent traveller, "which stands on the very spot where the eye of taste would have placed it, and on which it ever reposes with delight, is one of the most attractive features of the scene, and perhaps gives to Tivoli its greatest charm." Among the arguments in favour of the opinion above stated. it may be remarked, that Varro, as quoted by Lactantius, gives a list of the ancient Sibyls, and, among them, enumerates the one at Tibur, surnamed Albunea, as the tenth and last. He farther states that she was

worshipped at Tibur, on the banks of the Anio.

13. Præceps Anio. Teverone, is famed for its beautiful cascades, near the ancient town of Tibur, now Tivoli. Tiburni lucus. This grove, in the vicinity of Tibur, took its name from Tiburnus, who had here divine honours paid to his memory. Tradition made him, in conjunction with his brothers Catillus and Coras (all three being sons of Amphiaraus), to have led an Argive colony to the spot, and founded Tibur. - 15. By the Albus Notus “ the clear south wind,” is meant the Λευκόνοτος, οι Αργέστης NÓTOS (Il. λ, 306.) of the Greeks. This wind, though for the most part a moist and damp one, whence its name (vóros, from vorís, " moisture," humidity"), in certain seasons of the year well merited the appellation here given it by Horace, producing clear and serene weather. — Deterget. "Chases away." Literally "wipes away."

"The headlong Anio." This river, now the

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- Teucer.

19. Molli mero. "With mellow wine."-21. Tui. Alluding either to its being one of his favourite places of retreat, or, more probably, to the villa which he possessed there. Son of Telamon, king of Salamis, and brother of Ajax. Returning from the Trojan war, he was banished by his father for not having avenged his brother's death. Having sailed in consequence of this to Cyprus, he there built a town called Salamis, after the name of his native city and island. 22. Lyæo. "With wine." Lyæus is from the Greek Avaîos, an appellation given to Bacchus, in allusion to his freeing the mind from care (λύειν, "to loosen," "to free"). Thus the Latin epithet Liber (“ qui

liberat a cura").

23. Populea. The white or silver poplar was sacred to Hercules. Teucer wears a crown of it on the present occasion, either as the general badge of a hero, or because he was offering a sacrifice to Hercules. 26. O socii comitesque. "O companions in arms and followers." Socii refers to the chieftains who were his companions: comites, to their respective followers. 27. Auspice Teucro. "Under the auspices of Teucer."— 29. Ambiguam tellure nova, &c. "That Salamis will become a name of ambiguous import by reason of a new land." A new city of Salamis shall arise in a new land (Cyprus), so that when the name is mentioned hereafter men will be in doubt, for the moment, whether the parent city is meant, in the island of the same name, or the colony in Cyprus. -32. Cras ingens iterabimus æquor. "On the morrow, we will again traverse the mighty surface of the deep." They had just returned from the Trojan war, and were now a second time to encounter the dangers of ocean.

ODE VIII.

Addressed to Lydia, and reproaching her for detaining the young Sybaris, by her alluring arts, from the manly exercises in which he had been accustomed to distinguish himself.

2. Amando. "By thy love."- 4. Oderit, for odit.-Campum. Alluding to the Campus Martius, the scene of the gymnastic exercises of the Roman youth. Patiens pulveris atque solis. Though once able to endure the dust and the heat."-5. Militaris. In martial array." Among the sports of the Roman youth, were scme in which they imitated the costume and movements of regular soldiery.

6. Equales. "His companions in years." Analogous to the Greek τοὺς ἥλικας. Gallica nec lupatis, &c. Nor manages the Gallic steeds with curbs fashioned like the teeth of wolves." The Gallic steeds were held in high estimation by the Romans. Tacitus (Ann. 2. 5.) speaks of Gaul's being at one time almost drained of its horses: "fessas Gallias ministrandis equis." They were, however, so fierce and spirited a breed as to render necessary the employment of "frena lupata," i. e. curbs armed with iron points resembling the teeth of wolves; equivalent to the Greek terms λύκοι and εχίνοι. 8. Olivum. "The oil of the ring." Wax was commonly mixed with it, and the composition was then termed cerоma (кnрwμа). With this the wrestlers were anointed, in order to give pliability to their limbs, and, after anointing their bodies, were covered with dust, for the purpose of affording their antagonists a better hold. The term ceroma (kýρwμa) is sometimes in consequence used for the ring itself.

10. Armis. "By martial exercises.". -11. Sæpe disco, &c. "Though famed for the discus often cast, for the javelin often hurled, beyond the mark." The discus (díσkos) or coit, was round, flat, and perforated in the centre. It was made either of iron, brass, lead, or stone, and was usually of great weight. Some authorities are in favour of a central aperture, others are silent on this head. The Romans borrowed this exercise from the Greeks, and among the latter the Lacedæmonians were particularly attached to it. 12. Expedito. This term carries with it the idea of great skill as evinced by the ease of performing these exercises. 13. Ut marinæ, &c. Alluding to the story of Achilles having been concealed in female vestments at the court of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, in order to avoid going to the Trojan war. — 14. Sub lacrymosa Troja funera. "On the eve of the mournful carnage of Troy," i. e. in the midst of the preparations for the Trojan war. — 15. Virilis cultus. "Manly attire." — 16. In cædem et Lycias catervas. A hendiadys. "To the slaughter of the Trojan bands." Lycias is here equivalent to Trojanas, and refers to the collected forces of the Trojans and their allies.

ODE IX.

Addressed to Thaliarchus, whom some event had robbed of his peace of mind. The poet exhorts his friend to banish care from his breast; and, notwithstanding the pressure of misfortune, and the gloomy severity of the winter season, which then prevailed, to enjoy the present hour, and leave the rest to the gods.

The commencement of this ode would appear to have been imitated from Alcæus.

2. Soracte. Mount Soracte lay to the south-east of Falerii, in the territory of the Falisci, a part of ancient Etruria. It is now called Monte di S. Silvestro, or, as it is by modern corruption sometimes termed, Sant' Oreste. On the summit were a temple and grove, dedicated to Apollo,

distinguished by the name of Hirpii, who were on that account held sacred, and exempted from military service and other public duties. The sacrifice consisted in their passing over heaps of red-hot embers, without being injured by the fire.

3. Laborantes. This epithet beautifully describes the forests as struggling, and bending beneath the weight of the superincumbent ice and snow. As regards the present climate of Italy, which is thought from this and other passages of the ancient writers, to have undergone a material change, the following remarks may not prove unacceptable: :-"It has been thought by some modern writers," observes Mr. Cramer, "that the climate and temperature of Italy have undergone some change during the lapse of ages; that the neighbourhood of Rome, for instance, was colder than it is at present. This opinion seems founded on some passages of Horace (Ode. 1. 9. Epist. 1. 7. 10.) and Juvenal (Sat. 6. 521.), in which mention is made of the Tiber as being frozen, and of the rest of the country as exhibiting all the severity of winter. But these are circumstances which happen as often in the present day as in the time of Horace; nor is it a very uncommon thing to see snow in the streets of Rome in March, or even April. I witnessed a fall of snow there, on the 12th of April, 1817. Whatever change may have taken place in some districts is probably owing to the clearing away of great forests or the draining of marshes, as in Lombardy, which must be allowed to be a much better cultivated and more populous country than it was in the time of the Romans. On the other hand, great portions of land now remain uncultivated which were once productive and thickly inhabited. The Campagna di Roma, part of Tuscany, and a great portion of Calabria are instances of the latter change." (Description of Ancient Italy, vol. i. p. 10.)

3. Gelu acuto. "By reason of the keen frost."-5. Dissolve frigus. "Dispel the cold."-6. Benignius. "More plentifully."-7. Sabina diota. "From the Sabine jar." The vessel is here called Sabine, from its containing wine made in the country of the Sabines. The diota received its name from its having two handles or ears (dis and ous). It contained generally forty-eight sextarii, about twenty-seven quarts English measure. -9. Qui simul stravere, &c. " For, as soon as they have lulled," &c. The relative is here elegantly used to introduce a sentence, instead of a personal pronoun with a particle. 10. Equore fervido. "Over the boiling surface of the deep."

13. Fuge quærere.

"Avoid inquiring." Seek not to know. -14. Quem Fors dierum cumque dabit. A tmesis for quemcumque dierum Fors dabit. • Lucro appone. "Set down as gain."-16. Puer. "While still young.' Neque tu choreas. The use, or rather repetition of the pronoun before choreas is extremely elegant, and in imitation of the Greek. 17. Donec virenti, &c. "As long as morose old age is absent from thee still blooming with youth."-18. Campus et areæ. 66 Rambles both

in the Campus Martius and along the public walks." By area are here meant those parts of the city that were free from buildings, the same probably as the squares and parks of modern days, where young lovers were fond of strolling. 19. Sub noctem. "At the approach of evening." -21. Nunc et latentis, &c. The order of the construction is, et nunc gratus risus (repetatur) ab intimo angulo, proditor latentis puellæ. The verb repetatur is understood. The poet alludes to some youthful sport, by the rules of which a forfeit was exacted from the person whose place

of concealment was discovered, whether by the ingenuity of another, or the voluntary act of the party concealed.-24. Male pertinaci. "Faintly resisting." Pretending only to oppose.

ODE X.

In praise of Mercury. Imitated, according to the scholiast Porphyrion, from the Greek poet Alcæus.

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1. Facunde. Mercury was regarded as the inventor of language, and the god of eloquence. - 2. Feros cultus hominum recentum. "The savage manners of the early race of men."-3. Voce. By the gift of language."- Catus. "Wisely." Mercury wisely thought, that nothing would sooner improve and soften down the savage manners of the primitive race of men than mutual intercourse, and the interchange of ideas by means of language. - Decore more palæstræ. "By the institution of the grace-bestowing palæstra." The epithet decora is here used to denote the effect produced on the human frame by gymnastic exercises.

6. Curve lyra parentem. "Parent of the bending lyre." Mercury (Hymn in Merc. 25-51.) is said, while still an infant, to have formed the lyre from a tortoise which he found in his path, stretching seven strings over the hollow shell (ἑπτὰ δὲ συμφώνους δΐων ἐτανύσσατο χορδάς.). Hence the epithets Ερμαίη and Κυλληναίη, which are applied to this instrument, and hence also the custom of designating it by the terms Xéλus, chelys, testudo, &c. imitated by modern poets, as Gray (Progress of Poesy)," Enchanting shell."

9. Te, boves olim nisi reddidisses, &c. "While Apollo, in former days, seeks, with threatening accents, to terrify thee, still a mere stripling, unless thou didst restore the cattle removed by thy art, he laughed to find himself deprived also of his quiver."- Boves. Alluding to the cattle of Admetus. See account of Mercury in Lemp. Lucian (Dial. D. 7.), mentioning his sportive thefts of their respective emblems from his brother deities, says: He would have stolen the thunderbolt also, had it not been too heavy and hot. (Εἰ δὲ μὴ βαρύτερος ὁ κεραυνὸς ἦν, καὶ πολὺ τὸ πῦρ εἶχε, κακεῖνον ἂν ὑφείλετο.)— 11. Viduus. A Græcism for viduum se sentiens. Horace, probably following Alcæus, blends together two mythological events, which, according to other authorities, happened at distinct periods. The Hymn to Mercury merely speaks of the theft of the cattle, after which Mercury gives the lyre as a peace-offering to Apollo. The only allusion to the arrows of the god is where Apollo, after this, expresses his fear lest the son of Maia may deprive him both of these weapons and of the lyre itself:

Δείδια, Μαιάδος υἱὲ, διάκτορε, ποικιλομῆτα,

μή μοι ἀνακλέψῃς κιθάρην καὶ καμπύλα τόξα.

13. Quin et Atridas, &c. "Under thy guidance, too, the rich Priam passed unobserved the haughty sons of Atreus." Alluding to the visit which the aged monarch paid to the Grecian camp, in order to ransom the corpse of Hector. Jupiter ordered Mercury to be his guide, and to conduct him unobserved and in safety to the tent of Achilles. (Consult Homer, I. w, 336, seqq.) — 14. Dives Priamus. Alluding not only to his wealth generally, but also to the rich presents which he was bearing to Achilles.-15. Thessalos ignes. "The Thessalian watchfires." Referring to the watches and troops of Achilles, through whom

fellit. Equivalent here to the Greek čλadev. —17. Tu pias lætis, &c. Mercury is here represented in his most important character, as the guide of departed spirits. Hence the epithets of ψυχοπομπός and νεκροToμnos, so often applied to him. The verb reponis in the present stanza receives illustration from the passage in Virgil, where the future descendants of Æneas are represented as occupying abodes in the land of spirits previously to their being summoned to the regions of day. (En. 6. 756, seqq.)-18. Virgaque levem coerces, &c. An allusion to the caduceus of Mercury.-19. Superis Deorum, a Græcism for Superis Diis.

ODE XI.

Addressed to Leuconoe, by which fictitious name a female friend of the poet's is thought to be designated. Horace, having discovered that she was in the habit of consulting the astrologers of the day, in order to ascertain, if possible, the term both of her own, as well as his, existence, entreats her to abstain from such idle inquiries, and leave the events of the future to the wisdom of the gods.

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1. Tu ne quæsieris. Inquire not, I entreat." The subjunctive mood is here used as a softened imperative, to express entreaty or request; and the air of earnestness with which the poet addresses his female friend is increased by the insertion of the personal pronoun. — 2. Finem. "Term of existence."-- Babylonios numeros. "Chaldean tables." The Babylonians, or, more strictly speaking, Chaldeans, were the great astrologers of antiquity, and constructed tables for the calculation of nativities and the prediction of future events. This branch of charlåtanism made such progress and attained so regular a form among them, that subsequently the terms Chaldean and Astrologer became completely synonymous. -3. Ut melius. "How much better is it."-4. Ultimam. "This as the last."

5. Quæ nunc oppositis, &c. "Which now breaks the strength of the Tuscan sea on the opposing rocks corroded by its waves." By the term pumicibus are meant rocks corroded and eaten into caverns by the constant dashing of the waters.-6. Vina liques. "Filtrate thy wines." The wine-strainers of the Romans were made of linen, placed round a framework of osiers, shaped like an inverted cone. In consequence of the various solid or viscous ingredients which the ancients added to their wines, frequent straining became necessary to prevent inspissation. — Spatio brevi. "In consequence of the brief span of human existence." -8. Carpe diem. Enjoy the present day."

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ODE XII.

Addressed to Augustus. The poet, intending to celebrate the praises of his imperial master, pursues a course extremely flattering to the vanity of the latter, by placing his merits on a level with those of gods and heroes. 1. Quem virum aut heroa. "What living or departed hero.”— Lyra vel acri tibia. "On the lyre, or shrill-toned pipe," i. e. in strains adapted to either of these instruments.-2. Celebrare. A Græcism for ad celebrandum.-3. Jocosa imago. "Sportive echo." Understand vocis. -5. In umbrosis Heliconis oris. "Amid the shady borders of Helicon." -6. Hæmo. The modern name is Emineh Dag, or Balkan.

7. Vocalem. "The tuneful.". Temere. "In wild confusion." The scene of this wonderful feat of Orpheus was near Zone, on the coast of Thrace. -9. Arte materna. Orpheus was the fabled son of Calliope, one of the Muses.-11. Blandum et auritas, &c. 66 Sweetly persuasive