he happened to be at a pinch; and that the Prince, 2. To ascertain, in all cases. whether the ori-trenchments must be persevered in through the year would sometimes sing them a song to keep up their nal claimant is living, and this by actual peersonal 1836, that the Department may accumulate a surplus inspection. fund sufficient to placc it in a condition of perfect ease. hearts." C To a measure so important to the Government, and so just to our constituents, who ask no exclusive privileges for themselves, and are not willing to con cede them to others, I earnestly recommend the serious attention of Congress. This measure will, if adopted, be productive, I PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE-continued from p. 761. think, of the desired results, and I therefore recom. It will be observed that the revenues of the Post From the duties which devolve on the Engineermend it to your consideration, with the further sug. Office Department though they have increased, and Department, and upon the Topographical Engineers, gestion, that all payments should be suspended till their amount is above that of any former year, have a different organization seems to be demanded by the the necessary reports are received. yet fallen short of the estimates more than a hunpublic interest, and I recommend the subject to your It will be seen by a tabular statement annexed to dred thousand dollars. This is attributed in a great consideration. the documents transmitted to Congress, that the ap-degree to the increase of the free letters growing No important change has, during this season, ta-propriations for objects connected with the War De. out of the extension and abuse of the frankiug priken place in the condition of the Indians. Arrange partmeat, made at the last session, for the service of vilege. There has been a gradual increase in the ments are in progress for the removal of the Creeks, the year 1834, excluding the permanent appropria. number of executive offices to which it has been and will be soon for the removal of the Seminoles.tions for the payment of military gratuities under the granted; and by an act passed in March, 1833, it I regret that the Cherokees east of the Mississippi ||act of Juue 8, 1832, the appropriation of two hundred it was extended to members of Congress throughhave not yet determined, as a community, to remove. thousand dollars for arming and equipping the mili. out the whole year. It is believed that a revision How long the personal causes which have hereto. tia, and the appropriation of ten thousand dollars for of the laws relative to the franking privilege, with fore retarded that ultimately inevitable measure, will the civilization of the Indians, which are not annual- some enactments to enforce more rigidly the restric continue to operate, I am unable to conjecture. It is ly renewed, amounted to the sum of nine millions tions under which it is granted, would operate bene. certain, however, that delay will bring with it accu-three thousand two hundred and sixty-one dollars, ficially to the country, by enabling the Department mulated evils, which will render their condition more and that the estimates of appropriations necessary at an earlier period to restore the mail facilities that and more unpleasant. The experience of every year for the same branches of service for the year 1835, have been withdrawn, and to extend them more adds to the conviction, that emigration, and that alone, amount to the sum of five millions seven hundred widely as the growing settlements of the country can preserve from destruction the remnant of the and seventy-eight thousand nine hundred and sixty. may require. tribes yet living among us. The facility with which four dollars, making a difference in the appropria. the necessaries of life are procured, and the treaty tions of the current year over the estimates of appro. stipulations providing aid for the emigrant Indians in priation for the next, of three millions two hundred their agricultural pursuits, and in the important con- and twenty-four thousand two hundred and ninety. cern of education, and their removal from those cau.seven dollars. ses which have heretofore depressed all and destroy- The principal causes which have operated at this The importance of the Post Office Department, ed many of the tribes, cannot fail to stimulate their time to produce this great difference, are shown in and the magnitude to which it has grown, both in exertious and reward their industry. the reports and documents, and in the detailed esti. its revenues and its operations, seem to demand its The two laws passed at the last session of Con.mates. Some of these causes are accidental and re-organization by law. The whole of its receipts gress on the subject of the Indian affairs, have been temporary, while others are permanent, and aided by and disbursements have hitherto been left entirely carried into effect, and detailed instructions for their a just course of administration, may contine to ope- to Executive control, and individual discretion.— administration have been given. It will be seen by rate beneficially upon the public expenditures. The principle is as sound in relation to this as to any the estimates for the present session, that a great A just economy, expending where the public ser. other Department of the Government, that as little reduction will take place in the expenditures of the vice requires, and withholding where it does not, is discretion should be confided to the Executive offi. department in consequence of these laws. And among the indispensable duties of the Government. cer who controlls it, as is compatible with its efficithere is reason to believe that their operation will be I refer yon to the accompanyiug report of the Se-ency. It is therefore earnestly recommended that salutary, and that the colonization of the Indians on cretary of the Navy, and to the documents with it, it be organized with an Auditor and Treasurer of its the western frontier, together with a judicious sys- for a full view of the operations of that important own, appointed by the President and Senate, who tem of administration, will still further rednce the branch of our service, during the present year. It shall be branches of the Treasury Department. expenses of this branch of the public service, and at will be seen that the wisdom and liberality with Your attention is again respectfully invited to the the same time promote its usefulness and efficiency. which Congress have provided for the gradual in. defect which exists in the Judicial System of the Uni. Circumstances have been developed, showing the crease of our navy material, have been seconded by ted States. Nothing can be more desirable than the existence of extensive frauds under the various laws a corresponding zeal and fidelity on the part of those uniform operations of the Federal Judiciary throughgranting pensions and gratuities for Revolutionary to whom has been confided the execution of the laws out the several States, all of which, standing on the services. It is impossible to estimate the amount on the subject, and that but a short period would be same footing as members of the Union, have equal which may have been thus fraudulently obtained from now required to put in commission a force large rights to the advantages and benefits resulting from the national treasury. I am satisfied, however, it has enough for any exigency into which the country may its laws. The object is not attained by the judicial been such as to justify a re-examination of the sys-be thrown. acts now in force, because they leave one fourth of tem, and the adoption of the necessary checks in When we reflect upon our position in relation to the States without Circuit Courts. its administration. All will agree, that the services other nations, it must be apparent, that in the It is undoubtedly the duty of Congress to place all and sufferings of the remnant of our Revolutionary event of conflicts with them, we must look chiefly to the States on the same footing in this respect, either band, should be fully compensated. But while this our navy for the protection of our national rights.-by the creation of an additional number of associate is done, every proper precaution should be taken to The wide seas which separate us from other govern-judges, or by an enlargement of the circuits assigned prevent the admission of fabricated and fraudulentments, must of necessity be the theatre on which an to those already appointed, so as to include the new claims. In the present mode of proceeding, the at enemy will aim to assail us, and unless we are pre- States. Whatever may be the difficulty in a proper testations and certificates of judicial officers of the pared to meet him on this element, we cannot be said organization of the judicial system, so as to secure various States, form a considerable portion of the to possess the power requisite to repel or prevent its efficiency and uniformity in all parts of the Union, checks which are interposed against the commission aggressions. We cannot, therefore, watch with too and at the same time to avoid such an increase of of frauds. These, however, have been, and may much attention this arm of our defence,or cherish judges as would incumber the supreme appellate tribe, fabricated, and in such a way as to elude detec. with too much care any means by which it can possess bunal, it should not be allowed to weigh against the tion at the examining offices. And independently of the necessary efficiency and extension. To this end great injustice which the present operation of the this practical difficulty, it is ascertained that these our policy has been hithertofore wisely directed to system produces. documents are often loosely granted; sometimes, the constant employment of a force sufficient to even bank certificates have been issued; sometimes guard our commerce, and to the rapid accumulation of prepared papers have been signed without inquiry; the materials, which are necessary to repair our ves. and, in one instance at least, the seal of the court sels, and construct with ease such new ones as may has been within reach of a person most interested in be required in a state of war. its improper application. I trust that I may be also pardoned for renewiug the recommendation I have so often submitted to your attention, in regard to the mode of electing the President and the Vice President of the United States. All the reflection I have been able to bestow upon the subject, increases my conviction that the best interests of the country will be promoted by the adoption of some plan which will secure, in all contingencies, that important right of sovereignty to the direct control of the People. Could this be attained, and the terms of those officers be limited to a single period of either four or six years, I think our liberties would possess an additional safeguard. In accordance with this policy, I recommend to It is obvious that, under such circumstances, no your consideration the erection of the additional Dry severity of administration can check the abuse of Dock described by the Secretary of the Navy, and the law; and information has, from time, been com.also the construction of the Steam Batteries to which municated to the Pension Office, questioning or de- he has referred, for the purpose of testing their ef. nying the right of persons placed upon the pension ficacy as auxiliaries to the system of defence now in list to the bounty of the country. Such cautions are use. always attended to and examined. But a far more The report of the Postmas.er General, here with general investigation is called for; and I therefore exhibits the condition and prospects of that De- At your last session I called the attention of Conrecommend, in conformity with the suggestion of the partment, at the commencement of the present year, gress to the destruction of the public building occuSecretary of War, that an actual inspection should beyond its available means, of three hundred and fif. pied by the Treasury Department. As the public inbe made in each State, into the circumstances and teen thousand five hundred and ninety.nine dollars terest requires that another building should be erectclaims of every person now drawing a pension. The and ninety-eight cents, which on the first of July ted, with as little delay as possible, it is hoped that honest veteran has nothing to fear from such a scru.last, had been reduced to two hundred and sixty. the means will be seasonably provided, and that they tiny, while the fraudulent claimant will be detected, eight thousand ninety-two dollars and seventy-four will be ample enough to authorize such an enlargeand the public treasury elieved to an amount, I have cents. It appears also, that the revenues for the comment and improvement in the plan of the building as reason to believe, far greater than has heretofore ing year, will exceed the expenditures about two will more effectually accommodate the public of been suspected. The details of such a plan could be hundred and seventy thousand dollars, which, with ficers, and secure the public documents deposited in so regulated as to interpose the necessary checks, the excess of revenue which will result from the it from the casualties of fire. without any burthensome operation upon the pension. operations of the current half year, may be expect- I have not been able to satisfy myself that the bill ers. The object should be two-folded, independent of any increase in the gross amount entitled "an Act to improve the navigation of the of postages, to supply the entire deficit before the Wabash river," which was sent to me at the close of end of 1835. But as this calculation is based on the your last session, ought to pass, and I have there. gross amount of postages which had accrued within fore withheld from it my approval, and now return it the period embraced by the times of striking the ba. to the Senate, the body in which it originated. lances, it is obvious that without a progressive in- There can be no question connected with the administraerease in the amount of postages, the existing re.ition of public affairs, more important or more difficult to be satisfactorily dealt with, than that which relates to the 1. To look into the original justice of the claims, so far as this can be done under a proper system of regulations, by an examination of the claimants themselves, and by inquiring, in the vicinity of their residence, into their history, and into the opinion entertained of their revolutionary services. rightful authority and proper action of the Federal Govern-||rupted--a spirit of contention would be engendered--||practical equality of benefits may be secured to each ments upon the subject of Internal Improvements. To in- and the dangers of division greatly multiplied. member of the confederacy. The effects of such a herent embarrassments have been added others resulting Yet we all know that notwithstanding these grave regulation would be most salutary in preventing un. from the course of our legislation concerning it. I have heretofore communicated freely with Congress up- objections, this dangerous doctrine was at one time profitable expenditure, in securing our legislation on this subject, and in adverting to it again, I cannot refrain apparently proceeding to its final establishment with from the pernicious consequences of a scramble for from expressing my increased conviction of its extreme im- fearful rapidity. The desire to embark the federal the favors of Government, and in repressing the spirit portance, as well in regard to its bearing upon the main-government in works of internal improvement, pre-of discontent which must inevitably arise from an un. tenance of the Constitution and the prudent management vailed in the highest degree, during the first session equal distribution of treasures which belong alike of the public revenue, as on account of its disturbing effect of the first congress that I had the honor to meet in to all. upon the harmony of the Union. my present situation. When the bill authorising at There is another class of appropriations for what We are in no danger from violations of the Consti- subscription on the part of the United States for stock may be called, without impropriety, internal improvetution by which encroachments are made upon the in the Maysville and Lexington Turnpike Companies, ments, which have always been regarded as standing personal rights of the citizens. The sentence of passed the two Houses, there had been reported, by upon different grounds from those to which I have recondemnation long since pronounced by the Ameri- the committees of Internal Improvement, bills con- ferred. I allude to such as have for their object can People upon acts of that character, will, I doubt taining appropriations for such objects, exclusive of the improvement of our harbors, the removal of not, continue to prove as salutary in its effects as it is those for the Cumberland road, and for harbors and partial and temporary obstructions in our navigable irreversible in i,s nature. But against the danger of light houses, to the amount of about one hundred and rivers, for the facility and security of our foreign unconstitutional acts, which, instead of menacing the six millions of dollars. In this amount was included commerce. The grounds upon which I distinguish vengeance of offended authority, proffer local advan authority to the Secretary of the Treasury to sub-appropriations of this character from others have tages, and bring in their train to the patronage of the scribe for the stock of different companies to a great already been stated to Congress. I will now only add Government, we are, I fear, not so safe. To suppose extent, and the residue was principally for the direct that at the first session of Congress under the new that because our Government has been instituted for construction of roads by this government. In addi- Constitution, it was provided by law, that all expenses the benefit of the People, it must therefore have the tion to these projects, which had been presented to the which should accrue from and after the 15th day of power to do whatever may seem to conduce to the two Houses, under the sanction and recommendation August, 1789, in the necessary support aud maintenpublic good, is an error, into which honest minds are of their respective committees on Internal Improve-ance and repairs of all light houses, beacons, buoys, too apt to fall. In yielding themselves to this fallacy,ment, there were then still pending before the com- and public piers, erected, placed, or sunk before the they overlook the great considerations on which the mittees, and in memorials to Congress, presented, but passage of the act, within any bay, inlet, harbor, or Federal Constitution was founded. They forget that not referred, different projects for works of a similar port of the United States, for rendering the naviga. in consequence of the conceded diversities in the in-character, the expense of which cannot be estimated tion thereof easy and safe, should be defrayed out of terests and condition of the different States, it was with certainty, but must have exceeded one hundred the Treasury of the United States; and further, that foreseen, at the period of its adoption, that although a miilions of dollars. it should be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasu. particular measure of the Government might be beneRegarding the bill authorising a subscription to the ry to provide by contracts, with the approbation of the ficial and proper in one State, it might be the reverse stock ot the Maysville and Lexington Turnpike Com. President, for rebuilding when necessary and keepin another that it was for this reason the States pany, as the entering wedge of a system which, ing in good repair the light houses, beacons, buoys, would not consent to make a grant to the Federal however weak at first might soon became strong e- and public piers, in the several States, and for furGovernment of the general and usual powers of Go-nough to rive the bands of the Union asunder, and nishing them with supplies. Appropriations for vernment, but of such only as were specifically enu- believing that if its passage was acquiesced in by the similar objects have been continued from that time merated, and the probable effects of which they could, Executive and the People, there would no longer be to the present without interruption or dispute. as they thought, safely anticipate; and they forgot any limitation upon the authority of the General Gov- As a natural consequence of the increase and exalso the paramount obligation upon all to abide by the ernment in respect to the appropriation of money for tension of our foreign commerce, ports of entry and compact, then so solemnly, and, it was hoped, so firm- such objects, I deemed it an imperative duty to with- delivery have been multiplied and established, not ly established. In addition to the dangers to the con- hold from it the Executive approval. Although, from only upon our seaboard, but in the interior of the stitution springing from the sources I have stated, the obviously local character of that work, I might country, upon our lakes and navigable rivers. The there has been one which was perhaps greater than well have contented myself with a refusal to approve convenience and safety of this commerce have led all. I allude to the materials which this subject has the bill upon that ground, yet, sensible of the vital to the gradual extension of these expenditures; to afforded for sinister appeals to selfish feelings, and the importance of the subject, and anxious that my views the erection of lighthouses, the placing, planting, and opinion heretefore so extensively entertained of its and opinions in regard to the whole matter, should be sinking of buoys, beacons, and piers, and to the re. adaptation to the purposes of personal ambition. fully understood by Congress, and my constituents, I moval of partial and temporary obstructions in our With such stimulants it is not surprising that the acts felt it my duty to go further. I therefore embraced navigable rivers, and in the harbors upon our great and pretensions of the Federal Government in this that early occasion to apprise Congress, that, in my lakes, as well as on the seaboard. Although I have behalf should sometimes have been carried to an opinion, the Constitution did not confer upon it the expressed to Congress my apprehension that these alarming extent. The questions which have arisen power to authorise the construction of ordinary roads expenditures have sometimes been extravagant and upon this subject have relatedand canals within the limits of a State, and to say, disproportionate to the advantages to be derived from 1st. To the power of making internal improvements with respectfully, that no bill admitting such a power could them, I have not felt it to be my duty to refuse my as. in the limits of a State, with the right of territorial jurisdic-receive my official sanction. I did so in the confident sent to bills containing them, and have contented my2d. To the right of appropriating money in aid of such expectation that the speedy settlement of the public self to follow in this respect in the footsteps of all my works when carried on by a State, or by a company in vir- mind upon the whole subject would be greatly facili-predecessors. Sensible, however, from experience tue of State authority, surrendering the claim of jurisdictated by the difference between the two Houses and and observation, of the great abuses to which the untion; and myself, and that the harmonious action of the several restricted exercise of this authority by Congress was 3d. To the propriety of appropriations for improvements departments of the Federal Government in regard to exposed, I have prescribed a limitation for the goof a particular class, viz. for light-houses, beacons, buoys, it, would be ultimately secured. vernment of my own conduct, by which expenditures public piers, and for the removal of sand bars, sawyers, and So far as it regards this branch of the subject, myof this character are confined to places below the other temporary and partial impediments in our navigable best hopes have been realized. Nearly four years ports of entry and delivery established by law. I am The claims of power for the General Government have elapsed, and several sessions of Congress have very sensible that this restriction is not as satisfactoupon each of these points certainly present matter of intervened, and no attempt, within my recollection, ry as could be desired, and that much embarrassment the deepest interest. The first is however of much the has been made to induce Congress to exercise this may be caused to the Executive Department in its greatest importance, inasmuch as, in addition to the power. The applications for the construction of execution, by appropriations for remote and not well dangers of unequal and improvident expenditures of roads and canals, which were formerly multiplied understood objects. But as neither my own reflecpublic moneys, common to all, there is superadded to upon your files, are no longer presented; and we tions, nor the lights which I may properly derive that the conflicting jurisdictions of the respective have good reason to infer that the current of public from other sources, have supplied me with a better, I governments. Federal jurisdiction, at least to the ex. sentiment has become so decided against the preten- shall continue to apply my best exertions to a faithful tent I have stated, has been justly regarded by its sion as effectually to discourage its re-assertion. So application of the rule upon which it is founded. I advocates as necessarily appurtenant to the power in thinking, I derive the greatest satisfaction from the sincerely regret that I could not give my assent to the question, if that exists by the constitution. That conviction, that thus much at least has been secured bill entitled "An act to improve the navigation of the the most injurious conflicts would unavoidably arise upon this important and embarrassing subject, Wabash river," but I could not have done so without between the respective jurisdictions of the state and From attempts to appropriate the national funds to receding from the ground which I have, upon the fullfederal governments, in the absence of a constitution. objects which are confessedly of a local character, est consideration, taken upon this subject, and of al provision marking out their respective boundaries we cannot, I trus:, have any thing further to appre. which Congress has been heretofore apprized, and cannot be doubted. The local advantages to be ob-hend. My views in regard to the expediency of without throwing the subject again open to abuse, tained would induce the state to overloek in the be. making appropriations for works which are claimed which no good citizen, entertaining my opinions, ginning the dangers and difficulties to which they to be of a national character, and prosecuted under could desire. might ultimately be exposed. The powers exercised State authority, assuming that Congress have the by the federal government would soon be regarded right to do so, were stated in my annual message to with jealousy by the state authorities, and originating Congress in 1830, and also in that containing my.ob. as they must from implication or assumption, it would jections to the Maysville Road Bill. be impossible to affix to them certain and safe limits. So thoroughly convinced am I, that no such appro-slightest degree calling in question the motives of others, I Opportunities and temptations to the assumption of priations ought to be made by Congress, until a suitapower incompatible with state sovereignty would be ble constitutional provision is made upon the subject. increased, and those barriers which resist the tenden. and so essential do I regard the point to the highest cy of our system towards consolidation greatly interests of the country, that I could not consider my. weakened. The officers and agents of the general self as discharging my duty to my constituents in government might not always have the discretion to giving the Executive sanction to any bill containing abstain from intermeddling with state concerns; and such an appropriation. If the people of the United if they did they would not always escape the suspicion States desire that the public Treasury shall be re-tempt will meet with resistance where it might otherwise of having done so. Collisions, and consequent irri. sorted to for the means to prosecute such works, tations would spring up,-that harmony which should they will concur in an amendment of the Constitution, ever exist between the general government and each prescribing a rule by which the national character of member of the confedercy, would be frequently inter."the works is to be tested, and by which the greatest tion, sufficient at least for their preservation and use; rivers and harbors. I rely upon the intelligence and candor of my fellow-cit, izens, in whose liberal indulgence I have already so largely participated for a correct appreciation of my motives in interposing, as I have done, on this and other occasions checks to a course of legislation which, without in the consider as sanctioning improper and unconstitutional expenditures of public treasure. I am not hostile to internal improvements, and wish to see them extended to every part of the country. But I am fully persuaded, if they are not commenced in proper manner, confined to proper objects, and conducted under an authoriy generally conceded to be rightful, that a successful prosecution of them cannot be reasonably expected. The atreceive support, and instead of strengthening the bonds of our confederacy, it will only mnltiply and aggravate the ANDREW JACKSON. cause.of disunion. December 1, 1834. 766 FOREIGN VARIETIES. · "This undeviating policy of 25 years is a rare political phenomenon. History will mention it in terms of the highest praise, and the name of Metternich will ever be associated with the per severing character of his system." state all over the empire; the credit of the Govern-ering from any mortals now inhabiting our globe. latitude, and the skulls found (of which specimens where. Metternich's System of Government.-The Augs.ment is good, and order and tranquility reign every. The site is between 14 deg. and 19 deg. of north urgh Gazette contains the following reflections, "Austria has always shown herself the implacable are both in London and Paris) are remarkable for occasioned by the 25th Anniversary of Prince Metternich's elevation to the high office of Prime Minis-enemy of reckless innovations. The device on her their extreme exent behind the occipital foramen, standard is Undoubted Right,' and every one will insomuch that it could hardly be believed their owners could move in a perpendicular position.— ter of Austria: rally round it in case of need. For, two-thirds of the weight of the cerebral mass must have been deposited in this wonderfully elonnjust have been rather that of some of the ape family gated cerebellum; and as the bones of the face were also much elongated, the general appearance than of human beings. In the tombs,as in those of E. gypt parcels of grain were left inside the dead; and it was another singular circumstance, that the maize or Indian corn, so left, was different from any that now existed in the country. Mr. Pentland entered into details to show that the extraordinary forms thus brought to the light of day from their long sojourn could not be attributed to pressure, or any external force, similar to that still employed by many Ainerican tribes; and adduced, in confirmation of this view, the opinions of Cuvier, of Gall, and of many other celebrated On these grou:ids he was of opinion, that they constituted the population of these elevated regions be. fore the arrival of the present Indian population, which, in its physical characters, its customs, &c., offered many analogies with the Asiatic races of the 46 casque, old world. naturalis's and anatomists. "The Prince assumed the direction of the foreign relations of the vast Austrian empire a few days af. ter the battle of Wagram, when the political opinions of Europe were in a state of total disorganization. On the 7th of October, three months later, the Prince was officially appointed to the same Depart. Firemen of Paris. It is almost superfluous to ment, for which he had shown himself singularly qualified. At this time the power of Napoleon was state that there is in Paris, and indeed, in every at its height, and he wished to form an alliance with town of France, a corps of firemen, who are denomthe nation which he had made so many attempts to inated sapeurs-pompiers. The men composing it weaken. Napoleon was crowned with power and are in general, carpenters. Their full dress conglory; his power extended from the Vistula to Ca-sists of a military blue coat, with red epaulettes, diz-from the German Ocean to the extremity of blue trousers, gaiters, and a brass helmet, sormount Calabria. That formidable empire seemed then daied by bear shin, and ornamented with a scarlet ly to become more consolid ted, and promised ages plume. When off guard the helmet is changed for Europe a cocked hat. Besides being similarly trained, they are of domination to him and his posterity. beheld with astonishment his rapid conquests, and armed like the soldiers of the line, with the musket, the magic extension of his powor. A few profound bayonet, and briquet (a short cut-and-thrust-sword. observers, and amongst the number was Prince Met- On summons to a fire the gorgeous helmet is put ternich, discovered the secret of the weakness of the off, and replaced by a plain but serviceable brass which guards the head against falling bricks, French. Gradually, circumstances, unforseen by the tiles or pieces of timber. The military coat is doff mass of mankind, brought about the overthrow of ed, and a tight smart waistcoat with sleeves, substiSincapore. About ten P. M. on the 26th we anthat gigantic empire. The legions which had pene-tuted for it. If the fire be not of an extensive or trated to the Nile, and had marched in triumph from very menacing character, three men only are told off the Tagus to Russia, at last succumbed under the from those on duty, and fly to the scene of action.- chored in Sincapore-roads; and upon the following load of victories. Then Sovereigns and nations uni- One of them bears an axe, a second a coil of rope, day I landed and took up my residence, with my ted in the most sacred bonds of brotherhood against with hooks attached to it, the third a ladder. Of friend Mr. Bowstead. The island of Singapore, at the unprecedented favorite of fortune. The battle their knowledge, dexterty, activity and courage the part on which the settlement has been formed, of Leipsic relieved Germany from the yoke which on arriving at the place where summoned, I shall has a very picturesque appearance, when seen from had pressed so heavily upon her. Her injured sons not here stop to speak in the terms of eulogy, which the ships at anchor in the roads, and does not prove avenged the thousand wrongs she had received at on every occasion they merit, because the attempt less attractive to the stranger on landing; the gov. the hands of the licentious French soldiery, and the would necessarily involve the discussion of the ques-ernment hill, with its neat bungalow and flag-staff, capital of their late oppressors lay exposed to a de- tion whether or not their military habits do not con- forms a prominent feature in the view; and the undu. duce to their efficiency. At present I shall only add lating character of the land, with the thickly timber. servedly terrible retribution. Who can regard this settlement, so very recent. that every theatre, spectacle, and institution in Paris ed country in the distance, imparts a pleasing varie. is day and night watched and guarded by one or ty. more firemen, the number of them being always in ly established, yet now become a place of importance proportion to the extent of the building or the haz. by the enterprise of British merchants, (almost unard to which it is exposed. Besides the ordinary aided by any assistance from government,) without guard of firemen at every theatre in Paris, a reinfeeling how just the conclusion is, that commerce forcement arrives an hour before the doors are open. can elevate the most barren and unproductive spot ed, which is withdrawn an hour, I believe; after to a place of high importance? Look at the magni. the termination of the performances. The well ficent private mansions, warehouses, and the extent grounded sense of security with which the Parisian of commerce, showing the present and increasing audiences regard the most flaming incidents on the wealth of this rising settlement. The town is erec stage is hence easily accounted for, and it is indeed ted on the banks of a salt-water creek, more comwell worth the cost it occasions. It is impossible monly named the Sincapore river; one side contains "Spain became a prey to civil war, in changing a to pass down the Rue de la Paix, at five o'clock on the warehouses, stores, offices, &c. of the mer. long-established system of governmeut for one which any day without being struck with admiration at the chants, as well as the native streets, bazaars, &c.—she did not understand, and she found herself oblig- order, yet business like demeanour of the various de. Opposite to it is an extensive plain, adorned by severed to return to the former state of things. The attachments of firemen that at that hour issue from al elegant mansions; and beyond the Kampong Glam, tempt at innovation of to-day will have the same their barrack in that street, and proceed to their re- Malay town, with the residence of the sultan of end, for the moral state of Spain will not allow of spective posts at the theatres. Even the houses of Johore and his followers; from him the island was private individuals who give entertainments are pla-purchased by the British Goverument, for which he such ameliorations. "Portugal founded an empire in the New World, ced for the moment under the safeguard of the near- still receives the annual pension which had been and she herself is now the victim of revolutionary est body or detachment of sapeurs pompiers. In the stipulated at the time. Close to the creek, which measures. France, after a repose of fifteen years, Palaces, Houses of Legislature, and indeed every has received the more dignified application of the was hurried into the course which formerly proved great building belonging to the State, including " Sincapore river," wharfs extend from and opposite so disastrous to herself and Europe. The day of the residences or hotels of the Ministers, firemen to the warehouses of the merchants. The two most the popular triumph was the day of her ruin; the are ever present. Every man who has been in Paris extensive and splendid buildings are those recently illusions have vanished, and she is now fast retro- is capable of dilating on the advantages that obvious. erected by Messrs Armstrong and Gemmil. The grading. Italy attempted to follow the example of ly result from the maintenance of such a conservative Commercial square, contains some very good buildFrance, but happily for herself she did not succeed body as that of whch I speak the sapeurs-pompiers. ings, used as offices, shops, and residences; the Its superiority in every thing (except perhaps the most conspicuous of which, for elegance, is the buildin bringing about her own destruction. "Turkey, distracted by foreign and domestic feuds, personal courage and devotion of the individuals) ing used as offices and warehouses by the firm of has lost many of her fairest provinces. Her hitherto over the firemen of London requires not to those Messrs. Rawson, Houldsworth, and Co. The river, natural enemy has now become her friend, and will who have seen both to be demonstrated. The com. at the lowest part of the settlement, always presents remain such. The interests of Russia are now close parative absence of such a calamity as a fired dwel. an animated scene, from the arrival and departure of ly allied to those of the Porte. The Emperor Alex ling house or other building in Paris is due, not so ander died covered with glory, deplored by his peo- much to the solidity of the walls of the houses, as ple, and esteemed and regretted by Europe. Con to the intelligence, sagacity, training, discipline, sang stantine abdicated the throne in favor of his younger froid, and activity of the supeurs-pompiers.-[Letter brother Nicholas, who trod the Hydra of revolution from Paris in the Morning Herald.] under his feet, and has lately succeeded in restoring peace to Poland. "The Bourbons were restored to the throne of their ancestors, and, in an assembly of Sovereigns and statesmen, the most memorable in the history of the world, the affairs of Europe were brought back to their natural state. The nations were a second time thrown into alarm, and a second time they restored peace to the world. The man who had been the cause of so much bloodshed, so much misery, was consigned to a barren rock of the Atlantic, there to end his days, the prisoner of the nation which he most detested. The powers Europe were then left in peace to turn their attention towards their people. "In this short space of time England has had her Castlereagh, Canning, Liverpool, and Grey. Each successive administration has been hesitating between the aristocracy and democracy; but the door of the revolution has at last been opened. native boats, with fruit, vegetables, and live stock, as well as from the number of sampans plying for hire, or attending upon the commanders of vessels, ence to exposing their crews to a tropical sun; many who employ them, in this sultry climate, in prefernative boats lie waiting or delivering cargoes of the Antiquities af Upper Peru.-In his very interes various productions of the fertile islands in the vicinting viva voce communications to the meeting at Ed-ity. At night, the flickering and brilliant lights from inburgh, Mr. Pentland stated, that all about the lake the numerous boats upon the river make an animated Structure of Feathers.-Sir David Brewster comTiticaca he had discovered innumerable tombs, hun dreds of which he had entered and examined. The appearance. [Bennett's Wanderings.] monuments were of a grand species of design and "In 1810 Austria found her herself in a most criti-architecture, resembling Cyclopean remains and not municated to the British Association a verbal accal position. Since the taking of Paris, until the pre- unworthy of the arts of ancient Rome or Greece.count, which he illustrated by figures, of some sent hour, she has followed the same political system. They therefore, betokened a high degree of civili-curious results, which he had obtained respecting Her power and influence have changed, it is true; zation; but the most extraordinary fact belonging the structure of feathers. Dr. Paley and Dr. Robut neither reproach nor praise has been able to in- to them was their invariably containing the mortal get had, as he mentioned, explained, generally, the remains of a race of men of all ages, from the beautitul mechanism by which nature enables the duce her to abandon her principles. "The country is happy in the enjoyment of the earliest infancy to maturity and old age, the for. tender fabric of the vane of the feather to resist the greatest plenty-the necessaries of life are cheap-mation of whose crania seemed to prove that they action of the air, and to repair itself when divided. and the people love their Emperor. The arts and were an extinct race of natives, who had inhabited By the use of very fine microscopes of garnet and sciences flourish, and commerce is in a flourishing Upper Peru above a thousand years ago, and diff. sapphire, Sir David succeeded in developing the mi on Stock. STEPHENSON, JENDJ No. 264 Elizabeth street, near Bleecker street, RAILROAD COMPANIES would do well to examin RAILROAD CAR WHEELS AND BOXES, J8 Also, AXLES furnished and fitted to wheels complete Near Dry Dock, New-York. THOMAS B. STILLMAN, Manufacturer of Steam operates and he particularly described a singular Mr William Bird to Mr. Secretsry Southwell, dat. Builder of a superior style of Passenger Cars for Railroad spring, consisting of a number of slender fibres laid together, all of which resisted the division of ed June, 1703, he says, "Lord Conway bid Mrs. the feather or the separation of its fibrils, and which Johnson adieu in the finest serenade I ever heard. again closed themselves together when their sepa- It lasted from one to three o'clock, and brought all ration had been forcibly effected. He described the the ladies in Red Lion-square to their windows, and difference between down and feather, the former be. ing intended either for ornament or warmth, and the Mrs. Tempest took it ill that the compliment was latter for resisting the action of the air when a con-not paid at her door. tinued fabric was necessary. These observations Vanity. In 1810, a notaire's clerk killed himself, at the Jefferson Cotton and Wool Machine Factory and Founwere made chiefly on the large feathers from the leaving a piece of paper behind him, on which he de-dry, Paterson, N. J. All orders addressed to the subscribers wing of the vulture; but, generally speaking, theclared, that having duly calculated and considered, at Paterson, or 60 Wall street, New-York, will be promptly at structure is the same in other feathers, though with he did not think it possible for him to be so great a tended to. Also, CAR SPRINGS. various modifications. The curious property pre-man as Napoleon-therefore he put an end to his exAlso, Flange Tires turned complete. served by the fibrils of hooking themselves toge:istence,-[H. L. Bulwer's France.] ROGERS, KETCHUM & GROSVENOR. ther when they had been separated, was mentioned NOVELTY WORKS, as a singular provision of nature, though the author| felt some difficulty in giving a perfectly satisfactory explanation of the manner in which it was effected. Free Negro Labor.-According to a calculation which is considered to be correctly made, the is. land of Jamaica exported in 1823, with 342,382 slaves, 1,417,758 quintals of sugar, which was a year of great fertility in the West Indies: and Puerto Rico, with 45,000 slaves, at the highest calcula. tion, produced 414,663 quintals; therefore Jamai.of the Phenix Bank, at the said Bank in the city of New ca, with a number of slaves, nearly nine times greater, yielded only 3 1-2 times more sugar, which clearly shows that free labor in Puerto Rico contributes largely to produce even sugar. To the number of free laborers only can this difference be attributed, for it must be acknowledged that although the soil of Jamaica is not so fertile as that of Puerto Rico, yet the cultivation of the cane is better understood. In the same year, the three British islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent's, and Grenada, which, with the exception of Jamaica, produce most sugar of all the British Antilles, with the la. bor of 128,000 slaves, yielded 784,567 quintals of sugar; that is to say, that with more than three times the number of slaves, they produced less than double the quantity of sugar raised in one year in Puerto Rico. The same year, the whole of the British West India colonies, with 627,000 slaves, yielded only 3,005,366 quintals of Sugar; which proves that with 15 1-2 times more slaves, they only produced 7 1-2 times more sugar than Puerto Rico. In 1821, 428,962 quintals of sugar, 20,758 quintals, 96 lbs. of cofiee, and 1320 quintals of cotton were produced in the island of Guadaloupe, by the labor of 87,998 slaves; while Puerto Rico, with about half the number of slaves, moderately worked, and hu. manely treated, produced, besides the quantity of sugar already stated, 25,000 quintals of coffee, 34,163 quintals of tobacco, and 9,166 quintals of cotton, together with cattle, pepper, rice, and many minor productions. This simple enumeration of facts is sufficient to establish the advantages arising from, and the extent of, free labor in Puerto Rico. -[Flinter's Account of Puerto Rico.] 10 solicited. m18 UTICA AND SCHENECTADY RAILROAD COMPANY. next. nov17d&Ctdec20 GIDEON HAWLEY, LONG ISLAND RAILROAD COMPANY. OPTICAL MATHEMATICAL & O INSTRUMENTS. EWIN & HEARTTE, at the sign of the Quadrant, No. 53 South street, one door north of the Union Hotel, Balti cially Engineers, that they continue to manufacture to order more, beg leave to inform their friends and the public, espeand keep for sale every description of Instruments in the above branches, which they can furnish at the shortest notice, and on fair terms. Instruments repaired with care and promptitude. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the undersigned Hudson, Columbia county, New-York, To Ewin & Heartte.-Agreeably to your request made some months since, I now offer you my opinion of the Instruments made at your establishment, for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. This opinion would have been given at a much earlier period, but was intentionally delayed, in order to afford a longer time for the trial of the Instruments, so that I could speak with the greater confidence of their merits, if such they should be found to possess. It is with much pleasure I can now state that notwithstanding the Instruments in the service procured from our northern cities are considered good, I have a decided preference for those manufactured by you. Of the whole number manufactured for the Department of Construction, to wit: five Levels, and five of the Compasses, not one has required any repairs within the last twelve months, except from the occasional imperfection of a screw, or from accidents, to which all Instruments are liable They possess a firmness and stability, and at the same time neatness and beauty of execution, which reflect much credit notice of Companies engaged in Internal Improvements, who on the artists engaged in their construction. I can with confidence recommend them as being worthy the may require Instruments of superior workmanship. Indian Method of Catching Fish.-By means of a plant the Indians have a sweeping method of catch-facturers of Railroad Rope, having removed their establish TOWNSEND & DURFEE, of Palmyra, Manu ing fish, which we for the information of pond and mentto Hudson, under the rame of Durfee, May & Co. offer to river poachers in this country may give, "The supply Rope of any required length (without splice) for in-a Hairy (with which the Indians intoxicate fish) is a them in any of the principal cities in the United States. As to clined planes of Railroads at the shortest notice, and deliver plant of the papilonacea order, bearing a small quan- the quality of Rope, the public are referred to J. B. Jervis, Eng. tity of bluish blossoms, which poduces pods about M. & H. R. R. Co., Albany; or James Archibald, Engineer two inches long, less in the leaf than a goose quill, Hudson and Delaware Canal and Railroad Company, Carbon dale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. and enclosing about ten small gray leaves; leaf nine inches long, central stem with four spearpointed leaflets on each side, two Two inches long and one at the apex: root, when full grown, three inches in diame ter, containing a gummy, milky juice, which is a powerful narcotic, and prepared by the Indians for fishing, by beating with sticks until reduced to a mass like coarse hemp; the Hiary root is then employed to saturate a corial (canoe) full of water until it is of a milky whiteness, then conveyed to the selected fishing spot, and the water sprinkled with the infusion (a solid cubit foot of the root will poison an acre of water surface;) in about twenty minutes ever fish within its influence rises to the surface, and is either taken by the PATENT HAMMERED SHIP, BOAT, AND the Albany Spike Factory. Orders may be addressed to Messrs. ERASTUS CORNING NOTICE TO MANUFACTURERS. JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendent of Construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. I have examined with care several Engineers' instruments of your Manufacture, particularly Spirit levels, and Surveyor's Compasses; and take pleasure in expressing my opinion of the excellence of the workmanship. The parts of the levels appeared well proportioned to secure facility in use, and accuracy and permanency in adjustments. These instruments seemed to me to possess all the modern improvement of construction, of which so many have been made within these few years; and I have no doubt but they will give every satisfaction when used in the field. neither deteriorated infot with arrows, the county of Rensselaer, and state of New-York, has invented workmanship has been the subject of frequent remark by my idly than when hooked."-[Martin's History of the British Colonies.] SIMON FAIRMAN, of the village of Lansingburgh, in more rap-and put in operation a Machine for making Wrought Nails with square points. This machine will make about sixty 6d nails, and about forty 10d nails in a minute, and in the same proportion larger sizes, even to spikes for ships. The nail is bar Never Squabble with a Wit.-Dr. Marmaduke hammered and comes from the machine completely heated to Coghill, the Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, in a One horse power is sufficient to drive one machine, and may redness, that its capacity for being clenched is good and sure. letter dated 1st April, (an ominous day.) 1736, ob- easily be applied where such power for driving machinery is in serves to the Honorable Edward Southwell" I see operation. Said Fairman will make, vend and warrant ma. Sir Thomas Prendegrass has got nothing by his re- as they may be made, and on the most reasonable terms. He chines as above, to any persons who may apply for them as soon sentment against Dean Swift; and, indeed, I never also desires to sell one halfof his patent right for the use of said knew any man a gainer by being provoked at a wit, machines throughout the United States. Any person desiring for the laugh is always against you, and the only re-machine shop of Mr. John Humphrey, in the village of Lan farther information, or to purchase, will please to call at the turn from a wit is fresh satyr." singburgh.-August 15, 1833. A29 tf RM&F WILLIAM HOWARD, U. S. Civil Engineer. Baltimore, May 1st, 1833. To Messrs Ewin and Heartte-As'you have asked me to give my opinion of the merits of those instruments of your manu. tacture which I have either used or examined, I cheerfully state that as far as my opportunities of my becoming aquainted with their qualities have gone, I have great reason to think well of the skill displayed in their construction. The neatness of their self, and of the accuracy of their performance I have received and who have had them for a considerable time in use. The satisfactory assurance from others, whose opinion I respect, efforts you have made since your establishment in this city, to relieve us of the uccessity of sending elsewhere for what we may want in our line, deserve the unqualified approbation and our warm encouragement. Wishing you all the success which your enterprize so well merits, I remain, yours, &c. B. H. LATROBE, Civil Engineerinthe service of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company. A number of other letters are in our possesion and might be submit them, upon application, to any person desirous of perusintroduced, but are too lengthy. We should be happy to ing the same. m36 768 AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL. cipators in the late murders, and all suspected per- Resolved, That we will unite in expelling from LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES. THE AMERICAN STEAM CarriagECOMPANY, pecially Railroad and Transportation Companies, that they OF PHILADELPHIA, respectfully inform the public, and eshave become sole proprietors of certain improvements in the construction of Locomotive Engines. and other railway carEngineers, by letters patent from the United States, and that iages, secured to Col. Stephen H. Long, of the United States they are prepared to execute any orders for the construction of Locomotive Engines, Tenders, &c. with which they may be favored, and pledge themselves to a punctual compliance with business. any engagements they may make in reference to this line of They have already in their possession the requisite apparaus for the construction of three classes of engines, viz. enThe engines made by them will be warranted to travel at the Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be pre-gines weighing four, five, and six tons. ces in aiding the civil authorities to arrest and put miles per hour; a five ton engine at a speed of 18 miles per senting to Lt. Col. Williams for his zeal and servi- following rates of speed, viz. a six ton engine at a speed of 15 Their performance in other respects will be warranted to equal down those rioters, as also to Major Horace Copron hour; a four ton engine at a speed of 22 12 miles per hour. for the prompt and fearless manner in which he ex-that of the best English engines of the same class, with respect pairs. ecuted his orders, with so small a force, and to our not only to their efficiency in the conveyance of burthens, but fellow citizens who so promptly volunteered their to their durability, and the cheapness and facility of their reThe engines will be adapted to the use of anthracite coalservices on this important occasion. plne, wood, coke, or any other fuel hitherto used in locomotive The terms shall be quite as favorable, and even more moderate, than those on which engines of the same class can be procured from abroad. The frequent riots and outrages committed by the laborers on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad have induced the people residing in its vicinity to call a public meeting, to adopt measures to prevent a Resolved That the thanks of this meeting be pre. repetition of them. At this meeting a preamble and resolutions were adopted, which breathe a true Ame-sented to Lt. Col. Campbell and the officers and troops under his command for the prompt and effirican spirit. cient aid afforded by them in the arrests which have It is time that the thousands who flee from beggary been made with the view to the conviction of the perand want at home, to this country of peace and plen-petrators of the murders of John Watson and Wil. ty, where they enjoy privileges in common with the liam Messer. native citizen, should be taught, the necessity of obedience to the laws-and respect for the life and property of all. They must be taught that their having been slaves and paupers at home does not give them the right to murder our citizens, and take possession of their property, on their arrival here; that, although ours is a country which affords an asy. lum for the oppressed of all nations, NATIVE citizens are not yet prepared to yield every thing to those whom they have often, by their liberal charity, saved from suffering and even starvation. Let AMERICANS every-where adopt a similar course towards those who show a disposition to trample on their inalienable rights and privileges; whilst to those who appreciate and respect our institutions, we would offer the enDear Sir-In consequence of the recent murders joyment of every civil privilege secured by the most on the Washington Railroad, the inhabitants of the perfect constitution that was ever framed by man. county adjacent to the Railroad have been kept in a Washington Railroad Outrages. At a large and continual state of alarm, no efficient measures have respectable meeting of inhabitants of Anne Arundel been adopted by the company to find out and arrest and Prince Georges counties adjacent to the Balti. the murderers, and also from the fact that a number more and Washington Railroad, and held at Merrill's of our citizens have been threatened by the laborers tavern on the 26th inst. Col George Cooke being on said road, I have been requested to state for called to the chair, and George L. Stockett, Esq. ap. your information that the residents of this section of pointed Secretary. The following preamble and re.the country are determined that in case the compaBolutions were unanimously adopted: Whereas, a portion of Ann Arundel and Prince George counties, bordering on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad, has been the the scene of successive riots, dangers and bloodshed since the commencement of said work down to the present time, and whereas, the recent scene of murders of the nost wanton, diabolical and atrocious character upon respectable and unoffending citizens, scarcely paral. lelled in the annals of our history has given ample cause to our fellow citizens for alarm and apprehen. sions for the safety of our lives; and whereas, while they suffer themselves to remain exposed to the deep laid schemes of that population from which all these grievances emanate, Resolved, that this meeting approve the subjoined GEO. L. STOCKETT, Sec'y. [Here follows the signatures.] All orders for engines, &c. and other communications in reference to the subject, will be addressed to the subscriber, in the city of Philadelphia, and shall receive prompt attention. By order of the Company, WILLIAM NORRIS, Secretary. Décember 2d, 1833. Fr further information on this subject see No 49, pag 772, Vol. 2, of Railroad Journal. SURVEYORS' INSTRUMENTS. Compasses of various sizes and of superior quality Leveling Instruments, large and small sizes, with high magwarranted. nifying powers with glasses made by Troughton, together with a large assortment of Engineering Instruments, manufactured and sold by J31 6t E. & G. W. BLUNT, 154 Water street, corner of Maidenlane. SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTS. The subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments in ny do not adopt such measures as will in future his profession, warranted equal, if not superior, in principles of among which are an Improved Compass, with a Telescope atsecure them from being harrassed by these frequent construction and workmanship to any imported or manufacriots on the road, that they will muster a sufficient cured in the United States; several of which are entirely new: force and drive every Irishman off the road from tached, by which angles can be taken with or without the use Goniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpoWM. J. YOUNG, the Patapsco to the big Patuxent, at all hazards, and ofthe needle, with perfect accuracy-also, a Railroad GoniomMathematical Instrument Maker, No. 9 Dock street, Philadelphia. in this determination they are promised the co-oper-eter, with two Telescopes-and a Levelling Instrument, with a ation and aid of other sections of our county. The following recommendations are respectfully submitted o Engineers, Surveyors, and others interested. Baltimore, 1832. 808. In making this communication I assure you the people are actuated by no other motive than to in reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manuput an end to these continued murders and riots, which, if they are permitted to go unpunished as road. I cheerfully furnish thee with the following information. heretofore, may in the end lead to those wretches depredating still further on the surrounding neigh.factured by thee, now in use on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail borhood. If the ring leaders cannot be secured and The whole number of Levels now in possession of the departpunished, the whole force ought to be discharged ment of construction of thy make is seven. The whole number of the "Improved Compass" is eight. These are all exJuation Department. and a new set employed. clusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and Gra. Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have in fact needed but little repairs, except from accidents to which all instruments of the kind are liable. GEO. COOKE, Chairman. I have found that thy patterns for the levels and compasses have been preferred by my assistants generally, to any others in use, and the Improved Compass is superior to any other decription of Goniometer that we have yet tried in laying the rails on this Road. This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing telescope, in place of the vane sights, leaves the engineer scarcely any thing to desire in the formation or convenience of And whereas, it is known to be confined exclusive. The work had better be delayed a short time than ly to that class of laborers which has been generally employed on the aforesaid work, and it having to be the scene of such frequent and disgraceful outbeen established beyond all question, that the Irish rages. With respect your obedient servant. laborers compose that class, and that they have formMore Aggressions.-The driver of the Mail stage ed secret associations, to which they are bound under the most awful and solemn oaths to keep each from Washington, states, that the stable attached to other's secrets, and under which association they Merill's tavern at Waterloo, on the Washington road, are enabled to accomplish their hellish plots without about 13 miles from Baltimore, was burnt down last being in danger of discovery. And whereas, the good night about 12 o'clock. It is believed to have been citizens of these Counties have in vain set forth set on fire by some of the laborers on the Railroad, the Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to later their grievances and remonstrances to the proper who have been lurking about the premises for some sources for the removal of the causes. miles from Waterloo was also burnt, but there is no 8, it is the right and bounden duty of our fellow days past. It is reported that a dwelling about two itizens to defend themselves and their property certainty of this. against the hand of the ruffian, we the subscrib. ers, citizens of the aforesaid Counties, do unani. mously agree to adopt the following resolutions, viz : And wher Resolved, That we do consider aud hold the present class of Irish laborers embloyed on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad as a gang of ruffians and urderers, combined together under the most >>ciemn ties to carry into effect such hellish designs a their passions or prejudices may prompt them to sommit. Resolved, That, inasmuch as by their plans of secret association, justice and the laws are deprived of their dues, it behoves our fellow citizens to adopt such measures as will tend to their quiet and safety. in TO RAILROAD COMPANIES. Resolved, That so long as the cause of these evils remain among them, there is no security for either, and that it is indispensible that it be removed. Resolved, That the President and Directors of the Samples of the above Wheels, which have been broken to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company, be requested show their superiority, may be seen at the office of the Railroad to order their agents and contractors to discharge show at the Depot of the Boston and Providence Railroad, from their employ all such laborers as have been Boston; and at John Arnold's shop, near the Broad street House, Philadelphia. All orders directed to J. W. & E. PAT herein described. Gunpowder Post-Office, Baltimore county, Maryland, will DEAN WALKER. a3 Resolved That we will use all lawful means in TERSON, Baltimore, or to the subscriber, Joppa Mills, Little our power to bring to justice, as many of the parti-be attended to. al angles of any simple and cheap instrument that I have yet ml ly |