STAKE death, by burning. -4. That which is pledged or wagered; that which is laid down to abide the issue of a contest, to be gained by victory or lost by defeat; something hazarded. Whose game was empires, and whose stakes were thrones.' Byron. One who had a stake in the county.' Dickens. The game was so contrived that one particular cast took up the whole stake, and when some others came up, you laid down. Arbuthnot. 5. The state of being laid or pledged as a wager; the state of being put at hazard: preceded by at; as, his honour is at stake. Hath any of you great interest at stake in a distant part of the world? Hath he ventured a good share of his fortune? Bp. Atterbury. 6. A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to cut and punch upon. Moxon.-7. In shipbuilding, one in the regular ranges of planks on the bottom and sides of a ship reaching from the stem to the stern. Weale. Stake (stak), v.t pret. & pp. staked; ppr. staking. 1. To set and plant like a stake; to fasten, support, or defend with stakes; as, to stake vines or other plants. I have a soul of lead So stakes me to the ground I cannot move. Shak. 2. To mark the limits of by stakes: with out; as, to stake out land; to stake out a new road or the ground for a canal.-3. To wager; to pledge; to put hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a future contingency. I'll stake yon lamb that near the fountain plays. Pope. Thus in our country the dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the reMacaulay. searches of antiquaries. 4. To pierce with a stake. Spectator. Stake-fellow (stāk'fel-lō), n. One tied or burned at the stake with another. Southey. Stake-head (sták ́hed), n. In rope-making, a stake with wooden pins to keep the strands apart. Stake-holder (sták ́hōld-ér), n. 1. One who holds stakes, or with whom the bets are deposited when a wager is laid.-2. In law, one with whom a deposit is made by two or more who lay claim to it. Stake-net (sták'net), n. A form of net for catching salmon, consisting of a sheet of net-work stretched upon stakes fixed into the ground, generally in rivers or friths, where the sea ebbs and flows, with contrivances for entangling and securing the fish. Staker, vi To stagger. Chaucer. Staktometer (stak-tom'et-ér), n. [Gr. staktos, falling by drops, and metron, a measure Lit a drop measure. A glass tube having a bulb in the middle, and tapering to a fine orifice at one end, used for ascertaining the number of drops in equal bulks of different liquids. Called also Stalagmometer. This Stalactic, Stalactical (sta-lak'tik, sta-lak'tik-al), a. [From stalactite.] Pertaining to stalactite; resembling a stalactite. sparry, stalactical substance.' Derham. Stalactiform (sta-lak'ti-form), a. Having the form of a stalactite; like stalactite; stalactical Stalactite (sta-lak'tit), n. [From Gr. stalaktos, trickling or dropping, from stalasso or stalazó, to let fall drop by drop.] A mass of Care calcareous cylindrica caverns, 183 water containing particles of carbonate of lime through fissures and pores of rocks. Similar masses are frequently to be seen also depending from stone bridges or elsewhere. The water being evaporated leaves a deposit of lime behind it, which, by the continued trickling of the water, gradually increases in size. As some of the water often drops to the floor also, a mass of the same kind is formed below, called a stalagmite. See STALAGMITE. [The plural is regular, sta-lak'tits, but Byron unwarrantably uses sta-lak'ti-těz.] Stalactitest (sta-lak-ti'tēz), n. A stalactite. Woodward. Stalactitic, Stalactitical (sta-lak-titik, sta-lak-tit'ik-al), a. Having the form or character of stalactite; containing stalactites. Stalactitiform (sta-lak-tit'i-form), a. Same as Stalactiform. Stalagmite (sta-lag'mit), n. [Gr. stalagmos, a dropping, from stalaző, to drop. See STALACTITE.] A deposit of stalactitic matter on the floor of a cavern. Simultaneously with the formation of the stalactite a similar but upward growth takes place at the spot vertically below where the successive drops of water fall and evaporate. This sometimes forms continuous sheets over the surface, sometimes rises unto columns, which meet and blend with the stalactites above. See STALACTITE. Stalagmitic, Stalagmitical (sta-lag-mit'ik, sta-lag-mit'ik-al), a. Relating to or having the form of stalagmite. Stalagmitically (sta-lag-mit'ik-al-li), adv. In the form or manner of stalagmite. Stalagmometer (sta-lag-mom'et-ér), n. Same as Staktometer. Stalder (stal'dér), n. [From stall, to set or place.] A wooden frame to set casks on. Stalding (stald'ing), n. A counterfeit coin of the reign of Edward I., worth about d., manufactured abroad and surreptitiously introduced into England. Stale (stål), a. [From same root as stall, the meaning being from standing long; comp. O.D. stel, that remains standing, quiet, ancient. See STALL, n.] 1. Vapid or tasteless from age; having lost its life, spirit, and flavour from being long kept; as, stale beer. That stale, old, mouseeaten, dry cheese.' Shak.-2. Not new; not freshly made; as, stale bread, or that which has been baked at least twenty-four hours. 3. Having lost the life or graces of youth; long past prime; decayed. A stale virgin sets up a shop in a place where she is not known. Spectator. 4. Out of regard from use or long familiarity; trite; common; having lost its novelty and power of pleasing; musty; as, a stale remark. A proverb never stale in thrifty mind.' Shak. Within a dull, stale, tired bed.' Shak. They reason and conclude by precedent, And own stale nonsense which they ne'er invent. Pope. Stale (stál), n. [From STALE, a.] 1. That which has become vapid and tasteless or is worn out by use, as old, vapid beer, beer kept until flat. Hence-2. A prostitute. I stand dishonour'd that have gone about To link my dear friend to a common stale. Shak. Stale (stal), v. t. pret. & pp. staled; ppr. staling. To make vapid, useless, cheap, or worthless; to destroy the life, beauty, or use of; to wear out. Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale Shak. Stale (stál), n. [0. Fr. estal, Mod. Fr. étal, place, stall, market, from O. H.G. stal, stall.] 1. Something set or offered to view as an allurement to draw others to any place or purpose; a bait; a decoy; a stool-pigeon; ally, the form of a bird set up to awk or other bird of prey. Mir. for STALKING O.H.G. stal, A. Sax. stall, a stable; or from O. Fr. estal, a standing still, estaler, to come to a stand, the ultimate origin being the same.] To make water; to discharge urine, as horses and cattle. Hudibras. Stale (stal), n. [A. Sax. stel, stela, L.G. and D. steel, G. stiel, a stalk, stock, handle, probably from root of stalk.] A long handle; as, the stale of a rake. 1. In a stale manStalely (stal'li), adv. ner.-2. Of old; of a long time. All your promised mountains And seas I am so stalely acquainted with. B. Fonson. Stale-mate (stāl'māt), n. In chess-playing, the position of the king when stalled or set, that is, when so situated that, though not in check, he cannot move without being placed in check, there being no other available move. In this case the game is drawn. Stale-mate (stāl'māt), v.t. To subject to a stale-mate in chess; hence, to put in a corner; to put or bring to a stand; to perplex completely; to nonplus. 'I stalemated him.' Macmillan's Mag. Staleness (stāl'nes), n. The state of being stale; as, (a) vapidness; the state of having lost the life or flavour; oldness; as, the staleness of beer or other liquors; the staleness of provisions. (b) The state of being out of regard; triteness; commonness; as, the staleness of an observation. Stalk (stak), n. [Probably from Dan. stilk, Icel. stilkr, a stalk, and akin to E. stale, a handle, the vowel being modified by the influence of the verb to stalk or other words. In last sense directly from this verb.] 1. The stem or main axis of a plant; that part of a plant which rises immediately from the root, and which usually supports the leaves, flowers, and fruit; as, a stalk of wheat, rye, or oats; the stalks of hemp.-2. The pedicel of a flower, or the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant, called the flower-stalk.-3. The stem of a quill; anything resembling the stalk or stem of a plant; as, the stalk of a spoon; the stalk of a tobacco-pipe, &c.4. In arch. an ornament in the Corinthian capital which resembles the stalk of a plant, and which is sometimes fluted. From it the volutes and helices spring. 5. One of the upright pieces of a ladder in which the rounds or steps are placed.6. A high, proud, stately step or walk. 'With martial stalk.' Shak. The which with monstrous stalk behind him stept, And ever as he went due watch upon him kept. Spenser Stalk (stak), v.i. [A. Sax. stolcan, to go softly or warily; Dan. stalke, to stalk; from stem of steal, meaning literally to walk in a stealthy manner. As to form of word comp. talk (and tell), walk] 1 To walk softly and warily; to walk in a sly or stealthy manner. Bertram Stalks close behind her like a witch's fiend, 2. To walk behind a stalking-horse; to pursue game by approaching softly and warily behind a cover. The king crept under the shoulder of his led horse and said, I must stalk. Bacon 3. To walk with high and proud steps; to walk in a lofty or dignified manner; to pace slowly: sometimes implying the affectation of dignity. With manly mien beat'd along the ground. Dryden. Then talking through the deep He fords the ocean Addison Stalk (stak) et in sporting, to pursue stealthily to pursue behind a cover; to watch and follow warily for the purpose of Withing As for shooting a man from behind a waln avelty The to dulking a deer Sir W. Scott When a ins is very hungry, and lying in wat, the sight of an animal may make him comitente sak ing it Stalked (stat),a. Having a stalk or adem Dr Living dome Stalker (staker), 1. One who stalka 2 A kind of fishing-net. Stalk-eyed (stakida. In ad applied to group st Shak Stalking (staking), n. In sportis rses and Dan. from of approaching game softly and ing advantage of the mequali ground, de, as in deer-stay fowling STALKING-HORSE Stalking-horse (stak'ing-hors), n. 1. A horse, or figure made like a horse, behind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of the game which he is aiming to kill. Hence 2. Anything thrust forward to conceal a more important object; a mask; a pretence. Hypocrisy is the devil's stalking-horse under an affectation of simplicity and religion. Sir R. L'Estrange. Stalkless (stak'les), a. Having no stalk. Stalklet (stak'let), n. In bot. a secondary petiole; a petiolule; the stalk of a leaflet. Stalky (stak'i), a. Hard as a stalk; resembling a stalk. At the top bears a great stalky head.' Mortimer. Stall (stal), n. [A. Sax. steall, stall, place, station, stall, stable; Icel. stallr, a shelf or other support, a stall; D. stal, G. stall, Dan. stald, a stall, a stable, &c.; O.H.G. stallan, G. stellen, to place. The ultimate root is that of stand. ] 1.The stand or place where a horse or an ox is kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the apartment for one horse or ox; as, the stable contains eight or ten stalls.-2. A stable; a place for horses or cattle. At last he found a stall where oxen stood. Dryden. 3. A bench, form, or kind of table in the open air, where anything is exposed to sale. 'Nature's coarser wares that lie on the stall, exposed to the transient view of every common eye.' Glanville.-4. A small house or shed, either in the open air or within a large building, in which merchandise is exposed for sale, or in which an occupation is carried on; as, a butcher's stall.-5. A fixed seat inclosed, either wholly or partially, at the Stalls, Higham Ferrers Church, Northamptonshire back and sides, in the choir or chancel of a cathedral, collegiate church, &c., and mostly appropriated to some dignitary of such churches. - 6. The chief seat on the dais in a domestic hall. Lydgate.-7. A highclass seat in a theatre.-8. In mining, an opening made between pillars in the direction that the work is progressing or transversely.-9. The name given by garotters and pocket-pickers to the parties who walk before (fore-stall) and behind (back-stall) the person who is to operate and his victim, so as to conceal the crime, make off with the booty, and otherwise assist the escape of the actual robber. Stall (stal), v. t. 1. To put into a stall or stable, or to keep in a stall; as, to stall a horse. 'Where king Latinus then his oxen stall'd.' Dryden.-2. To fix or fasten so as to prevent escape; to secure. When as thine eye hath chose the dame, 3. To install; to place in an office with the customary formalities. And see another as I see thee now, Shak Installation. Ld. Herbert. Stallage (stal'āj), n. 1. The right of erecting stalls in fairs, or rent paid for a stall.2. Laystall; dung; compost. Stallation (stal-a'shon), n. 'His stallation drew near.' Stall-board (stal'bōrd), n. One of a series of floors on to which soil or ore is pitched successively in excavating. Stallert (stal'èr), n. A standard-bearer. Fuller. Stall-feed (stal'fed), v. t. To feed and fatten in a stall or stable, or on dry fodder; as, to stall-feed an ox. Stalling (stal'ing), n. Stabling. Hire us some fair chamber for the night, And stalling for the horses. Tennyson. Stallinger (stal'in-jér), n. One who keeps a stall. [Local.] Stalling-ken (stal'ing-ken), n. A house for receiving stolen goods. Dekker. [Old slang.] Stallion (stal'yun), n. [O.E. stalon, stallant, O. Fr. estalon (Mod. Fr. étalon), a stallion; It. stallone; from O.H.G. stal, E. stall; lit. the horse kept in the stall. See STALL.] A horse not castrated; an entire horse; a horse kept for breeding purposes. Stallman (stal'man), n. A man who keeps a stall. The stallman saw my father had (a strong fancy) for the book the moment he laid his hands upon it. Sterne. Stall-reader (stal'red-ér), n. One who reads books at the stall where they are sold. Cries the stall-reader, Bless us, what a word on A title page is this!' Milton. Stalwart, Stalworth (stal'wert,stal'werth), a. [O.E. stalword, stallworth, from A. Sax. stælweorth, lit. worthy of place, from stæl, stall, place, position; hence estimable, brave. See STALL] 1. Brave; bold; redoubted; daring. A stalwart tiller of the soil.' Prof. Wilson. Well by his visage you might know Sir W. Scott. 2. Tall and strong; large and strong in frame. [The spelling stalworth is now obsolete or obsolescent.] Stalwartht (stal'wêrth),a. Same as Stalwart. Stalwartness (stal'wêrt-nes), n. The state or quality of being stalwart. Stalworthness (stal'werth-nes), n. Same as Stalwartness. Stambha (stamb'ha), n. See LÂT. Stamen (sta'men), n. pl. Stamens (sta'menz) (only in the fourth sense) or (in the other three senses) Stamina (stam'i-na). [L. stamen, pl. stamina, the warp of a web, a thread, the fibre of wood; Gr. stemon, the warp of a web, from root sta, to stand.] 1. A thread, especially a thread of the warp; the warp in the ancient upright loom at which the weaver stood upright instead of sitting. 2. [Probably only used in the plural.] The fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it or gives it its strength and solidity; as, the bones are the stamina of animal bodies; the ligneous parts of trees are the stamina which constitute their strength. Hence3. pl. Whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of anything; power of endurance; staying power; long lasting strength or vigour; backbone; as, the stamina of a constitution or of life; the stamina of a state. He succeeded to great captains who had sapped the whole stamina and resistance of the contest. De Quincey. The tea (in coffee-houses) is usually of the weakest, its constitution is delicate, it wants stamina and vitality Mrs. Riddell. 4. In bot. the male organ of fructification in plants, formed principally of cellular tissue. It is situated immediately within the petals, and is composed, in most cases, of three parts, the filament, the anther, and the pollen, of which the two latter are essential, the other not. The a a, Stamens. s, Stigma. stamens and pistils constitute the sexual or reproductive organs of plants. Generally they both exist in the same STAMMERING flower, which is thus said to be hermaphrodite or perfect. The number of stamens varies in different plants, from one to a hundred or more. With respect to their directions they are named erect, inflexed, reflexed, spreading, ascending, declinate; and their insertions with regard to the ovary are said to be hypogynous, epigynous, or perigynous. (See these terms.) It was on the number of stamens and their arrangements and relations, that Linnæus founded the classes of his sexual system of plants. Stament (sta'men), n. See STAMIN. Chaucer. Stamened (sta'mend), a. Furnished with stamens. Stamfortist (stam-for'tis), n. Same as Stanium. Stamint (sta'min), n. [O. Fr. estamine, Fr. étamine, alight kind of stuff, a bolting cloth, from 0. Fr. estame, It. stame, yarn, worsted, from L. stamen, a fibre. See STAMEN, STAMMEL.] A slight woollen stuff; linseyWoolsey. Chaucer. Stamina (stam'i-na), n. Plural of stamen (which see). Staminal (stam'i-nal), a. Pertaining to stamens or stamina; consisting in stamens or stamina. Balfour. Staminate (stam'i-nat), a. Furnished with stamens. Staminate (stam'i-nat), v. t. pret. & pp. staminated; ppr. staminating. To endue with stamina. Stamineal (sta-min'é-al), a. Same as Sta mineous. Stamineous (sta-min'é-us), a. [L. stamin eus, consisting of threads, from stamen, a fibre.] 1. Consisting of stamens.-2. Possessing stamens.-3. Pertaining to the stamen or attached to it; as, a stamineous nectary. Staminidium (sta-mi-nid'i-um), n. pl. Staminidia (sta-mi-nid'i-a). [L. stamen, staminis, a stamen, and Gr. eidos, resemblance. ] The antheridium, an organ in cryptogamic plants equivalent to a stamen. Staminiferous (sta-mi-nif'ér-us), a. [L. stamen, staminis, a stamen, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or having stamens.-A staminiferous flower is one which has stamens without a pistil.-A staminiferous nectary is one that has stamens growing on it. Staminode, Staminodium (stam'in-od, stam-i-no'di-um), n. [L. stamen, and Gr. eidos, shape.] An abortive stamen, or an organ resembling an abortive stamen. Stammelt (stam'el), n. [O. Fr. estamet, a coarse woollen cloth; estame, a woollen stuff; from L. stamen, a thread. See STAMIN.] 1. A kind of woollen cloth, which seems to have been often of a red colour. Hence-2. A coarse kind of red, inferior to fine scarlet. B. Jonson. Stammel (stam'el), a. Of a reddish colour; pertaining to the cloth called stammel. And see to yon pretty wench, Adam, who comes tripping through them all with her milkpail. She has a stammel waistcoat, like your favourite Cissly Sutherland. Sir W. Scott. Stammer (stam'êr), v.i. [A freq. form from a root stam; A. Sax. stamor, stamer, Icel. stamr, stammr, stammering, speaking with difficulty; O. E. stameren, stamber, to stammer; Sc. stammer, to stumble; L. G. stammern, D. stameren, stamelen, G. stammeln, Icel. stamma, to stammer. Allied to stumble.] To make involuntary breaks or pauses in speaking; to hesitate or falter in speaking; and hence, to speak with stops and difficulty; to stutter. The new strong wine of love that made my tongue so stammer and trip.' Tennyson. Your hearers would rather you should be less correct than perpetually stammering, which is one f the worst solecisms in rhetoric. Swift. Stammer (stam'èr), v. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly: frequently with out. His pale lips faintly stammered out a No." Dickens. Stammer (stam'èr), n. Defective utterance. a stutter; as, to be troubled with a stammer. See STAMMERING. Stammerer (stam'èr-ér), n. One that stammers, stutters, or hesitates in speaking. Stammering (stam'èr-ing), n. The act of stopping or hesitating in speaking; an affection of the faculty of speech characterized by irregular, imperfect, or spasmodic actions of the muscles concerned in articulation. It manifests itself in a difficulty in beginning the enunciation of words, especially such as begin with an explosive consonant, or in a spasmodic and for a time an incontrollable reiteration of the same syllable after the word is begun; this latter defect STAMMERING being also called stuttering. Stammering is always increased by emotional disturbance, and is much mitigated, and often cured, by the patient acquiring confidence in himself, never attempting to speak in a hurry or when the chest is empty of air, or by reading measured sentences slowly and with deliberation. Stammering (stam'èr-ing), a. Characterized by spasmodic or defective speech; hesitating in speech; apt to stammer; stuttering Stammering tongues.' Dryden. 'Stammering accents." Dr. Caird. Stammeringly (stam'èr-ing-li), adv. With stammering; with stops or hesitation in speaking. Stamp (stamp), vt. [Icel. stampa, Dan. stampe, Sw. stampa, D. stampen, G. stampfen, to stamp with the feet, nasalized forms from stap, stem of D. stappen, Icel. stappa, G stapfen, to step, to set down the feet, to stamp. Akin step. The Germanic word passed into the Romance languages: O. Fr. estamper, Mod. Fr. étamper, It. stampare, Sp. estampar] 1. To strike, beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward. Under my feet 1 stamp thy cardinal's hat. Shak. He frets, be fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden. 2. To impress with some mark or figure; to mark with an impression; as, to stamp a plate with arms or initials. Stamped coin.' Shak 3. To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous principles on the heart Wax wherein is stamped the semblance of a devil.' Shak. God has stamped no original characters on our mands, wherein we may read his being. Locke. Stamps God's own name upon a lie just made, To turn a penny in the way of trade. Cowper. 4. To coin; to mint; to make current. Shak. 5. To affix a stamp (as a postage or receipt stamp) to; as, to stampa letter or newspaper. 6. To cut into various forms with a stamp. 7 To crush by the downward action of a kind of pestle, as ore in a stamping-mill. To stamp out, to extinguish, as fire, by stamping with the foot on; hence, to extirpate, as a disease which has broken out in a herd of cattle, by destroying the animal or animals affected; hence, to extirpate generally, to eradicate; to exterminate; to Stamp (stamp), v.i. To strike the foot forcibly downward. 'A ramping fool to brag and stamp and swear.' Shak. Stamp (stamp), n. 1. The act of stamping; as a stamp of the foot. And, at our stamp, here o'er and o'er one falls.' Shak.-2. Any instrument for making impressions on other bodies; an engraved block, or the like, by which a mark may be delivered by pressure. 'Tis gold so pure, It cannot bear the stamp without alloy. Dryden. 3. A mark imprinted; an impression. The rank is but the guinea stamp.' Burns. That sacred name gives ornament and grace, 4 That which is marked; a thing stamped. * Hanging a golden stamp about their necks." Shae -5 ↑ (Fr. estampe.] A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; an engraving, a plate. At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several effces which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence. Addison. € An official mark set upon things chargeable with some duty or tax showing that the duty is paid, the impression of a pubI mark or seal made by the government or its officers upon paper or parchment whereon private deeds or other legal instruments are written, for the purposes of revenue, as, the stamp upon a bond or indenture Henice, pl. Stamps = Stamp-duties. STAMP-DUTY-7. A small piece of paper having a certain figure impressed by goverament, sold to the public to be attached to a paper, letter, or document liable to duty, in order to show that such has been paid as, a postage stamp; a receipt stamp. 8 An instrument for cutting out materials (as paper, leather, &c.) into various forms by a downward pressure.-9 A character or reputation, good or bad, fixed on anything. The persons here reflected upon are of such a Stamp of piety, that they seem formed -to a kind of diabolical society for the finding out Experiments La Vie South. 185 10. Currency; value derived from suffrage or attestation; authority. The common people do not judge of vice or virtue by morality or immorality, so much as by the stamp that is set upon it by men of figure. Sir R. L'Estrange. 11. Make; cast; form; character; as, a man of the same stamp, or of a different stamp. 'A soldier of this season's stamp.' Shak.12. In metal. a kind of hammer or pestle raised by steam or water power for crushing or beating ores to powder; anything like a pestle used for pounding or beating. Stamp-act (stamp'akt), n. An act for regulating the imposition of stamp-duties; especially, an act passed by the British parliament in 1765, imposing a duty on all paper, vellum, and parchment used in the American colonies, and declaring all writings on unstamped materials to be null and void. This act roused a general opposition in the colonies, and was one cause of the revolution. n. Stamp - collector (stamp'kol-lek-tér), n. 1. A collector or receiver of stamp duties.2. One who collects rare or foreign stamps as articles of curiosity or the like. Stamp-distributor (stamp'dis-tri-but-êr), An official who issues or distributes government stamps. Stamp-duty (stamp'du-ti), n. A tax or duty imposed on pieces of parchment or paper, on which many species of legal instruments are written. Stamp-duties on legal instruments, such as conveyances, deeds, legacies, &c., are chiefly secured by prohibiting the reception of them in evidence unless they bear the stamp required by the law. Stampede (stam-pēd'), n. [Amer. Sp. estampida, a stampede.] A sudden fright seizing upon large bodies of cattle or horses, in droves or encampments on the prairies, and causing them to run for long distances; a sudden scattering of a herd of cattle or horses; hence, any sudden flight, as of an army, in consequence of a panic. terror. Stampede (stam-ped'), v. t. pret. & pp. stampeded; ppr. stampeding. To cause to break off in a stampede; to cause to take to panic flight. Horses on their first few days' journey are easily stampeded, and will sometimes stray home again. Capt. Mayne Reid. Stampedo (stam-pē’dō), n. Same as Stampede. 'A sudden stampedo or rush of horses.' W. Irving. [Rare.] Stamper (stamp'ér), n. 1. One who stamps; as, a stamper in the post-office.-2. An instrument for stamping; a stamp. Stamp-hammer (stamp'ham-mêr), n. Α direct-acting hammer where the hammerblock is lifted vertically, either by cams or friction-rollers, or, as is more commonly the case, by steam or water pressure acting on a piston in a closed cylinder. Percy. Stamp-head (stamp'hed), n. The heavy metal block forming the head or lower end of a bar which is lifted and let fall vertically, as in a stamping-mill. Stamping-machine (stamp'ing-ma-shen), N. A machine for forming articles or impressions by stamping, as for manufacturing pans, kettles, spoons, forks, and other articles from sheet-metal, by means of blocks, dies, and a heavy hammer. Stamping-mill (stamp'ing-mil), n. gine by which ores are pounded by means of a stamp. Stamping-press (stamp'ing-pres), n. Same as Stamping-machine. An en Stamp -note (stamp'not), n. In com a memorandum delivered by a shipper of goods to the searcher, which, when stamped by him, allows the goods to be sent off by lighter to the ship, and is the captain's authority for receiving them on board. Simmonds. Stamp-office (stamp'of-fis), n. An office where government stamps are issued, and stamp-duties and also taxes are received. Stance (stans), n. [From L. sto, stare, to stand, through the French.] A site; a station; an area for building; a position. [Scotch.] The boy... danced down from his stance with a galliard sort of step. Sir W. Scott. Stanch (stänsh), v.t. [O. Fr. estancher, Mod. Fr. étancher, to stop from running, to stanch, STAND supposed to be from a L. L. stancare, for L. stagnare, to make or be stagnant. See STAG. NATE.] 1. To prevent the flow of, as blood; to stop the flow of blood from, as from a wound; to stop; to dry up. Iron or stone laid to the neck, doth stanch the bleeding of the nose. Bacon. Then came the hermit out and bare him in, There stanch'd his wound. Tennyson. 2. To quench, as fire or as thirst; to allay the craving of. 'Covetise of men that may not be stanched.' Chaucer. To stanch his thrust (thirst).' Gower. Stanch (stänsh), v.i. To stop, as blood; to cease to flow. Immediately her issue of blood stanched. Stanch (stänsh), a. [From the above verb, Stancher (stänsh'êr), n. One who or that which stanches or stops the flowing of blood. Stanchion (stan'shon), n. [0. Fr. estanson, estançon, from estance, that which supports, from a L.L. form stantia, from L. sto, to stand.] 1. A prop or support; a post, pillar, beam, or the like, used for a support, as a piece of timber supporting one of the main parts of a roof.-2. In ship-building, an upright post or beam of different forms, used to support the deck, the quarter-rails, the nettings, awnings, and the like. Stanchion-gun (stan'shon-gun), n. A pivotgun; a boat gun for wild-duck shooting. Stanchless (stänsh'les),a. Incapable of being stanched or stopped; unquenchable; insatiable. 'A stanchless avarice.' Shak. Stanchness (stänsh'nes), n. The state or quality of being stanch; as, (a) the state of being strong, sound, firm, or not leaky. To try the stanchness of the phial.' Boyle. (b) Firmness in principle; closeness of adher ence. Stanck, Stankt (stangk), a. [O. Fr. estanc, It. stanco, tired, wearied.] Exhausted; faint; weak; worn out; weary Spenser. Stand (stand), vi pret. & pp. stood; ppr. standing. [A. Sax. standan, pret. stód, pp. standen, Icel. standa, O.H.G. standan, stantan, Goth. standan, D. staan, G. stehen; from a root common to the Indo-European languages, being seen also in L. sto, Gr. (hi)stanai, Skr. 8tha. Stand is a nasalized form of a stem stad, and is akin to stead. Stall, still, stool, &c., are from the same root, and through the French and Latin come stage, state, station, stable, &c.] 1. To be stationary or at rest in an erect or upright position; to be set in an upright position; as, (a) to rest on the feet in an erect position, as opposed to sitting, lying, or kneeling: said of men or beasts. Stands he, sits he? or does he walk?' Shak. (b) To be on end; to continue upright; as, a beam stands on end. A field of standing corn.' Drayton.-2. To be as regards position or situation; to occupy a permanent place; to have its site or situation; to hold a place; to be situated or located; as, London stands on the Thames. Where thy nose stands.' Shak. 'Seeing those beads of sorrow stand in thine (eyes).' Shak. Shak Stands Scotland where it did? 3. To cease from progress; not to proceed; to come to a state of rest; to cease moving in any direction; to stop action or movement; to stop; to pause; to halt. I will tell you who time ambles withal, who time gallops withal, and who he stands still withal. Shak 4. To continue or remain without ruin or injury; to hold out against or withstand tendencies to impair, injure, or decay; to be permanent; to last; to endure; to abide. 'While England stands.' Shak. Our peace shall stand as firm.' Shak. A living temple, built by faith to stand.' Milton.-5. To maintain one's ground or position; not to fall or fail; to be acquitted or saved. 'Readers by whose judgment I would stand STAND or fall. Addison.-6. To maintain a fixed, firm, or steady attitude; to take up a fixed position, as of opposition, resistance, or defence. And when they stand against you, may they fall.' Shak. The king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life. Est. viii. 11. 7. To persevere; to persist. Never stand in a lie when thou art accused, but ask pardon and make amends. Fer. Taylor. The emperor, standing upon the advantage he had got by the seizure of their fleet, obliged them to deliver. Swift. 8. To be pertinacious, unyielding, or obstinate; to insist, as, not to stand on ceremonies. See also phrases below. Stand not upon the order of your going, Shak. 9. To be placed with regard to relative position, rank, or order. Among liquids endued with this quality of relaxing, Arbuthnot. warm water stands first. Theology would truly enlarge the mind were it studied with that freedom and that sacred charity which it teaches; let this therefore stand always Watts. chief. 10. To be in a particular state or condition; to be; as, how stands the matter with you? I hope you will stand my friend. 'Thus it stands with me.' Shak. For my wife, I know not how it stands.' Shak. I stand resigned and am prepared to go. 11. To be consistent; to agree; as, it stands to reason. See also phrases below. His faithful people, whatsoever they rightly ask, the same shall they receive, so far as may stand with the glory of God, and their own everlasting good. Hooker. Doubt me not; by heaven I will do nothing But what may stand with honour. Massinger. 12. To be in the place; to represent; to be equivalent. Their language being scanty, had no words in it to stand for a thousand. Locke. 13. To become a candidate for an office or the like; as, he stood for the borough at last election. How many stand for consulships?' Shak.-14. To hold a certain course, as a ship; to be directed towards any local point; as, to stand for the harbour. From the same parts of heaven his navy stands. Dryden. 15. To measure, as from the feet to the head, or from bottom to top. He stood four feet six inches and three quarters in his socks, Dickens. --16. To stagnate; not to flow; as, a standing pool. The black water of Pomptina stands.' Dryden.-17. To be valid; to continue in force; to have efficacy; not to be void. 'No conditions of our peace can stand.' Shak. God was not ignorant that the judges, whose sentence in matters of controversy he ordained should stand, would be deceived. Hooker. [Note. Stand with many adverbs receives the sense of motion as previous to coming to rest, or of a state caused by previous motion, and becomes equivalent to to step, to go, to come; as, to stand aloof; to stand apart; to stand aside; to stand back; to stand forth, and the like.]- To stand against, to resist; to oppose; as, one candidate stands against another at an election.-To stand by, (a), with by the adverb, (1) to be present without taking an active part; to be a spectator; to be near. Now Margaret's curse is fallen upon our heads, Shak. (2) To be placed or left aside; to be neglected or disregarded. In the meantime we let the command stand by neglected. Dr. H. More. (b) With by the preposition, (1) to support; to defend; to assist; not to desert. The ass hoped the dog would stand by him if set upon by the wolf. Sir R. L'Estrange. (2) To rest in; to repose on. This reply standeth all by conjectures. Whitgift. (3) Naut. to attend to and be prepared for action; thus to stand by a rope is to take hold of it; to stand by the anchor, to prepare to let it go. --To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken, unwavering, or immovable. My covenant shall stand fast with him. Ps. Ixxxix. 28. -To stand for, (a) to espouse the cause of; to side with; to maintain; to support; to defend. 'Freedom we all stand for.' B. Jonson. I'll stand to-day for thee and me and Troy. Shak. (d) Naut. to direct the course towards; as, the enemy stood for the shore. To stand from (naut.), to direct the course from.-To stand in, or stand in for, to direct a course toward land or a harbour.-To stand in hand, to be conducive to one's interest; to be serviceable or advantageons. - To stand off, (a) to keep at a distance. (b) Not to comply. Stand no more off, Shak. But give thyself unto my sick desires. (c) To keep at a distance in friendship or social intercourse; to forbear intimacy. Though nothing can be more honourable than an acquaintance with God, we stand off from it. Atterbury. (d) To appear prominent; to have relief. Picture is best when it standeth off as if it were carved. Wotton. -To stand off and on (naut.), to sail toward land and then from it.-To stand or stand in (with personal objects, the person being really in the dative), to cost; as, that coat stood him four pounds. These wars-I mean the Punic wars-could not have stood the human race in less than three millions of the species. Burke. -To stand on. (a) See To stand upon. (b) Naut. to continue in the same course or tack. To stand out, (a) to project; to be prominent. 'Stood out the breasts, the breasts of Helen.' Tennyson. Their eyes stand out with fatness. Ps. Ixxiii. 7. (b) To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede. His spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church. Shak. -To stand to, (a) to ply; to apply one's self to. Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars. Dryden. (b) To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion. I will stand to it, that this is his sense. Stillingfleet. (c) To abide by; to adhere, as to a contract, assertion, promise, &c.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to one's word. (d) Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain the ground. Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away. Bacon. (e) To be consistent, or tally with; as, it stands to reason he could not have done so. -To stand together, to be consistent; to agree. To stand to sea (naut.), to direct the course from land.-To stand under, to undergo; to sustain.-To stand up, (a) to rise from sitting; to rise to one's feet; to assume an erect position. (b) To arise in order to gain notice. Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I sup posed. Acts xxv. 18. (c) To rise to make a claim or a declaration; to rise in opposition, revolt, or the like. 'We all stand up against the spirit of Cæsar.' 'Once we stood up about the corn." Shak. (d) To rise and stand on end; as, his hair stood up with fear. To stand up against, to place one's self in opposition to; to resist. He called into his civil pursuits the same energy which enabled him to stand up against so many years of constant, and, to but his own mind, hopeless defeat in the field. Brougham. -To stand up for, to rise in defence of; to defend; to justify; to support or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration. - To stand upon, (a)t to concern; to interest. Does it not stand them upon, to examine upon what grounds they presume it to be a revelation from God? Locke. (b) To value; to pride. We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth. Ray. (c) To insist on : to attach a high value to ; to make much of. You stand upon your honour! This fellow doth not stand upon points.' Shak. (d) To depend on. It stood upon the choice of friends.' 'Your fortune stood upon the casket there.' Shak. -To stand aoith, to be consistent. It stood with reason that they should be rewarded liberally. Sir F. Davies. Stand (stand), v.t. 1. To place or set in an erect position; to set up. [Colloq.] 'And as concerning the nests and the drawers,' said STANDARD Sloppy, after measuring the handle on his sleeve. and softly standing the stick aside against the wall, 'why, it would be a real pleasure to me.' Dickens. 2. To endure; to sustain; to bear; as, I cannot stand the cold or the heat. Hence, to stand it, to be able to endure or bear something, or to maintain one's ground or state; as, the expense is so great that we cannot stand it; she screamed so loud that he could not stand it.-3. To resist without yielding or receding; to withstand. 4. To await; to suffer; to abide by. Bid him disband his legions, . . . And stand the judgment of a Roman senate. Addison. 5. To be at the expense of; to pay for; as, to stand treat. [Colloq.] Asked whether he would stand a bottle of champagne for the company, he consented. Thackeray -To stand one's ground, to keep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain one's position, in a literal or figurative sense; as, an army stands its ground when it is not compelled to retreat; a man stands his ground in an argument when he is able to maintain it, or is not refuted. Peasants and burghers, however brave, are unable to stand their ground against veteran soldiers. Macaulay. -To stand fire, to remain while being shot at by an enemy without giving way. To stand trial, to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial. Stand (stand), n. [From the verb.] 1. The state of standing; a cessation of progress, motion, or activity; a stop; a halt; as, to make a stand; to come to a stand, either in walking or in any progressive business. 2. A point or condition beyond which no further progress is made. Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow. Dryden. The sea, since the memory of all ages, hath continued at a stand, without considerable variation. Bentley. 3. A state of hesitation, embarrassment, difficulty, or perplexity. A fool may so far imitate the mien of a wise man as at first to put a body at a stand what to make of him. Sir R. L'Estrange. 4. A place or post where one stands, or a place convenient for persons to remain for any purpose; a station; as, his stand was on the top of a hill.-5. Rank; post; station; standing. [Rare.] Father, since your fortune did attain Daniel. 6. A halt made for the purpose of resisting Like Romans, neither foolish in our stands, 7. A young tree, usually reserved when the . STANDARD men rally, or under which they unite for a common purpose; a flag or carved symbolical figure, &c., erected on a long pole or staff, serving as a rallying-point or the like. In a more strict sense the term is applied to a flag which bears the arms, device, or motto of the owner, long in proportion to its depth, tapering towards the fly, and, except when belonging to princes of the bloodroyal, slit at the end. The so-called British royal standard is more correctly a banner, being a square flag, and having its whole field covered solely by the national arms. The cavalry standards are also, properly speaking, banners, and are of small size, of a colour corresponding to the regimental facings, and charged with the cipher, number, insignia, and honours of the regiment. The infantry corresponding flags are called colours.-2. That which is capable of satisfying certain defined conditions fixed by the proper authorities; especially that which is established by competent authority as a rule or measure of quantity; the original weight or measure sanctioned by government, and committed to the keeping of a magistrate, or deposited in some public place, to regulate, adjust, and try weights and measures used by particular persons in traffic; as, by the burning of the House of Commons In 1834 the standards were destroyed; the imperial yard is the standard of lineal measure in Britain; the pound troy is the standard of weight. See MEASURE, WEIGHT. 3 That which is established as a rule or model, by the authority of public opinion, or by respectable opinions, or by custom or general consent; that which serves as a test or measure; as, writings which are admitted to be the standard of style and taste; to have a low standard by which to judge of morality. The court, which used to be the standard of propriety and correctness of speech." Swift When people have brought right and wrong to a false standard, there follows an envious malevolence. Sir R. L'Estrange. A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together would be my standard of a states. Burke. 4 In coinage, the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy established by authority. That precise weight and fineness, by law appro priated to the pieces of each denomination, is called the standard. Locke. The standard of gold coins in Britain is at present 22 carats, that is, 22 parts of fine gold and 2 of alloy; and the sovereign should weigh 123 274 grains troy. The standard of silver coins is 11 ounces 2 dwts. of pure silver and 18 dwts. of alloy, making together 1 lb. troy; and the shilling should weigh 87 272 grains.-5. In hort. a tree or shrub which stands singly, without being attached to any wall or support; also, a shrub, as a rose, grafted on an upright stem. 6 In ship-building, an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.-7. In bot. the upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla. & In carp. any upright in a framing, as the quarters of partitions, the frame of a door, and the like.-9. A candlestick of large size, standing on the ground, with branches for several lights. Standard (standard), a. 1. Having a permanent quality; capable of satisfying certain conditions fixed by competent authority; fixed; settled; as, a standard work; a standard measure; standard weight, &c. In comely rank call every merit forth; Prior. Standard-bearer (stand'ärd-bár-ér), n. An officer of an army, company, or troop that bears a standard. And if my standard-bearer fall, as fall full well he may. Preas where ye see my white plume shine, amidst the ranks of war. Macaulay. Standardize (stand'ard-iz), v.t. To bring up to or to recognize as a standard. Stand-crop (stand'krop), n. A plant, the Crassula minor. Standelt (stand'el), n. 1. A tree of long standing. Fuller.-2 In law, a young store oak-tree, twelve of which were to be left in every acre of wood at the felling thereof. 187 Stander (stand'ér), n. 1. One who stands. 2. In the early church, one of the third or highest class of penitents. See CONSISTENTES.-3. A tree that has stood long. Stander-by (stand'ér-bi),n. One that stands near; one that is present; a mere spectator; a bystander. When a gentleman is disposed to swear, it is not for any standers-by to curtail his oaths. Shak. Stander-grass, Standard-grass (stand'ér-gras, stand'ard-gras), n. A name given by the old botanists to some species of Orchis, as 0. mascula. Stander-up (stand'ér-up), n. One who takes Standing (stand'ing), p. and a. 1. Estab lished, either by law or by custom, &c.; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as, a standing army, that is, a regular army in constant service, as distinct from the militia.-2. Lasting; not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; as, a standing colour. 3. Stagnant; not flowing; as, standing water. 4. Fixed; not movable; as, a standing bed: distinguished from a truckle bed.-5. Remaining erect; not cut down; as, standing corn.-Standing orders, the orders made by either house of parliament, or other deliberative assembly, respecting the manner in which business shall be conducted in it.-Standing rigging (naut.), the cordage or ropes which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position. Such are the shrouds and stays. Standing (stand'ing), n. 1. The act of stopping or coming to a stand; the state of being erect upon the feet; stand.-2. Continuance; duration or existence; as, a custom of long standing.-3. Possession of an office, character, or place. 'A patron of long standing. Dryden. I wish your fortune had enabled you to have continued longer in the university, till you were of ten Swift. years' standing. 4. Station; place to stand in. I will provide you with a good standing to see his entry. Bacon. 5. Power to stand. I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing. Ps. Ixix. 2. 6. Condition in society; relative position; rank; reputation; as, a man of good standing or of high standing among his friends. Standish (stan'dish), n. [Stand and dish.] A case for pen and ink. 'A standish, steel and golden pen.' Pope. Stand-pipe (stand'pip),n. 1. A vertical pipe erected at a well or reservoir, into which water is forced by mechanical means, in order to obtain a head pressure sufficient to convey it to a distance.-2. Also, a small pipe inserted into an opening in the water-main in a street. Stand-point (stand'point), n. [A modern word probably based on G. standpunkt.] A fixed point or station; a basis or fundamental principle; a position from which things are viewed, and in relation to which they are compared and judged; as, he looked at everything from the standpoint of a philosopher. Stand-rest (stand'rest), n. A kind of stool which supports a person behind while standing almost in an upright position at a desk, an easel, &c. Stand-still (stand'stil), n. Stand-rest. Act of stopping; state of rest; a stop; as, to come to a standstill. Stand-up (stand'up), a. In pugilism, a term applied to a fair boxing-match, where the combatants stand manfully to each other, without sham or false falls; as, a fair stand-up fight. If it should be pitted... for a stand-up fight,... its best friends would have most reason to deplore the inevitable results. Times newspaper. Stane (stán), n. A stone. [Scotch.] Stane-raw, Staney-rag (stan'ra, stan'irag), n. [Scotch. Perhaps stain-rag] A foliaceous lichen of the genus Parmelia (P. saxatilis), used by Highland peasants to make a brown dye for domestic purposes. STANZA Called also Black Crottles, and in Shetland Scrottyle. Stang (stang), n. [A. Sax. stæng, steng, a pole; D. steng, stang, G. stange, stenge, Dan. stang, Icel. stöng, bar, beam, pole; from root of sting, stick.] 1. A pole, rod, or perch; a measure of land.-2. A long bar; a pole; a shaft. To ride the stang, to be carried on a pole on men's shoulders, in derision: a punishment inflicted in former times on wife or husband beaters and the like. [Provincial.] A sting. [Scotch.] Stang (stang), n. Stang (stang), v.t. To sting. [Scotch.] Stang (stang), v.i. To shoot with pain. [Local.] A projectile conStang-ball (stang bal), n. sisting of two half-balls connected by a bar; a bar-shot. Stanhope (stan'hop), n. A light two-wheeled carriage without a top: so called from the gentleman Stanhope, for whom it was contrived. The vehicle was not actually a gig, neither was it a stanhope. Dickens. Stanhope - lens (stan'hop-lenz), n. A lens of small diameter with two convex faces of different radii, and inclosed in a metallic tube. Stanhope-press (stan'hop-pres), n. [After the inventor, the Earl of Stanhope.] A kind of printing-press. Staniel (stan'yel), n. Same as Stannel. Stanielry (stan'yel-ri), n. The act or practice of hawking with staniels; ignoble falconry. Stanium (sta'ni-um), n. A strong cloth of a superior quality worn during the AngloNorman period. Also called Stamfortis. Stank, a. See STANCK. Stank (stangk), v.i. [Sw. stanka, to sigh.] Stank (stangk), old pret. of stink. Stunk is To sigh. (Provincial.] now used. Stank (stangk), n. It. stagno, from L. ing water, a pool. [O. Fr. estang, Pr. estanc, stagnum, a piece of standSee STAGNATE.] A pool; a pond; a ditch. [Scotch.] Stannary (stan'a-ri), a. [L. stannum, tin. See STANNUM.] Relating to the tin-works; as, the stannary courts in Devonshire and Cornwall, for the administration of justice among those connected with the tin-mines. Stannary (stan'a-ri), n. [See the adjective.] A tin-mine; tin-works. The term is now used as including by one general designation the tin-mines within a particular district, the tinners employed in working them, and the customs and privileges attached to the mines and to those employed in them. The great stannaries of England are those of Devon and Cornwall. Stannate (stan'at), n. [L. stannum, tin. See STANNARY, a.) A salt of stannic acid. Stannel (stan'el), n. [Probably a corruption of stand-gale, which name the bird has from its habit of sustaining itself in one position, always with its head to the wind, by a rapid motion of its wings. From this peculiarity it has its synonym wind-hover.] The kestrel, a species of hawk, called also Stone-gall. Written also Staniel, Stanyel, Stannyel. See KESTREL. Stannic (stan'ik), a. [L. stannum, tin.] Pertaining to tin; procured from tin; as, the stannic acid (Sn H2O), a hydrate obtained from stannous oxide, which unites with bases to form the salts called stannates. Stanniferous (stan-if'er-us), a. [L. stannum, tin, and fero, I bear.] Containing or affording tin. Stannine (stan'in), n. [L. stannum, tin.] A brittle, steel-gray or iron-black ore of tin, of metallic lustre, consisting of tin and sulphur, with some copper and iron, and generally zinc, found in Cornwall; tin pyrites. Called also from its colour Bell-metal Ore. Stannotype (stan'ō-tip), n. [L. stannum, tin, and Gr. typos, impression.] In photog. a picture taken on a tin plate. Stannous (stan'us), a. Of, or pertaining to. or containing tin; as, stannous oxide, or protoxide of tin (Sn O). Stannum (stan'um), n. [Originally stagnum, a mixture of silver and lead. This word was probably influenced in its ultimate form (stannum) and sense of tin (which it assumed about the fourth century) by the Cornish word staen, tin ] Tin. Stannyelt (stan'yel), n. Same as Stannel. Stant. For Standeth. Chaucer. Stantient (stan'shent), n. A stanchion. Stantion (stan'shun), n. Same as Stemson. Stanza (stan'za), n. [It., a stanza; properly an abode, a lodging, a stop, a stanza, from L. |