SEMINARY

3. A place of education; any school, academy, college, or university in which young persons are instructed in the several branches of learning which may qualify them for their future employments.-4. A seminary priest; a Roman Catholic priest educated in a seminary; a seminarist.

A while agone, they made me, yea me, to mistake an honest zealous pursuivant for a seminary. B. Fonson. Seminary (sem'i-na-ri), a. 1. Seminal; belonging to seed. 'Seminary vessels.' Dr. John Smith-2. Trained or educated in a foreign seminary: said of a Roman Catholic priest. All jesuits, seminary priests, and other priests.' Hallam.

Seminatet (sem'i-nāt), v. t. pret. & pp. seminated; ppr. seminating. [L. semino, seminatum, to sow. See SEMEN.] To sow; to spread; to propagate. Doctors, who first seminated learning. Waterhouse. Semination (sem-i-nä ́shon), n. [L. seminatio, seminationis, from semino. See SEMEN.] 1. The act of sowing; the act of disseminating. Evelyn. -2. In bot. the natural dispersion of seeds; the process of seeding. The seeds of plants are dispersed in various ways. Some are heavy enough to fall directly to the ground; others are furnished with a pappus or down, by means of which they are dispersed by the wind; while others are contained in elastic capsules, which, bursting open with considerable force, scatter the seeds.

Semined (se'mind), a. Thick covered, as with seeds. 'Her garments blue, and semined with stars.' B. Jonson. Seminiferous (sem-i-nif'èr-us), a. [L. semen, seminis, seed, and fero, to produce.] Seedbearing; producing seed.

Seminific, Seminifical (sem-i-nif'ik, sem-inif'ik-al), a. (L. semen, seminis, seed, and facio, to make.] Forming or producing seed or semen.

Seminification (semʼin-if-i-kā"shon), n. Propagation from the seed or seminal parts. Sir M. Hale. [Rare.]

Seminole (sem'i-nol), n. and a. [Amer. Indian, wild, reckless.] One of, or belonging to, a tribe of American Indians, originally a vagrant offshoot from the Creeks. They gave great trouble to the settlers in Georgia and Florida, and after a tedious war the remains of the tribe were removed to the Indian territory beyond the Mississippi. Semi-nude (sem'i-nud), a. Partially nude; half naked.

Semi-nymph (sem'i-nimf), n. In entom. the nymph of insects which undergo a slight change only in passing to a perfect state. Semiography (se-mi-og'ra-fi), n. Same as Semeiography.

Semiological (semi-o-loj”ik-al), a. Same as Semeiological.

Semiology (se-mi-ol'o-ji), n. [Gr. sēmeion, a sign, and logos, discourse.] Same as Semeiotics.

Semi-opacous† (sem'i-ō-pā"kus), a. Semiopaque. Boyle.

Semi-opal (sem-i-o'pal), n. A variety of opal not possessing opalescence. Semi-opaque (sem'i-ō-pāk"), a. Half transparent only; half opaque. Semi-orbicular (sem'i-or-bik”ū-lêr),a. Having the shape of a half orb or sphere. Semi-ordinate (sem-i-or'din-at), n. In conic sections, see ORDINATE. Semiotic (se-mi-ot'ik), a. Same as Semeiotic. Semiotics (sé-mi-ot'iks), n. See SEMEIO

TICS.

29

Semi-Pelagian (sem'i-pe-lä"ji-an), a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians or their tenets. Semi-Pelagianism (sem'i-pê-lá"ji-an-izm), N. The doctrines or tenets of the SemiPelagians.

Semi-pellucid (sem'i-pel-lü"sid), a. Partially pellucid; imperfectly transparent; as, a semi-pellucid gem.

Semi-plantigrade (sem-i-planʼti-grad), a. In zool, applied to certain families of mammals, as the Viverride or civets, and the Mustelidae or weasels, in which a portion of the sole of the hind-feet at least is applied to the ground in walking. Semi-quadrate, Semi-quartile (sem'ikwod-råt, sem'i-kwar-til), n. [L. semi, and quadratus, quadrate, or quartus, fourth.] In astrol. an aspect of two planets when distant from each other the half of a quadrant, or 45 degrees.

Semiquaver (sem'i-kwa-vér), n. In music, a note of half

the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the semibreve. Semiquaver

Semiquavers,

(sem'i-kwa-ver), v. t. To sound or sing in, or as in, semiquavers.

With wire and catgut he concludes the day, Quav'ring and semiquav'ring care away. Cowper. Semi-Quietist (sem-i-kwi'et-ist), n.

One of

a sect of mystics who, while maintaining with the Quietists that the most perfect state of the soul is passive contemplation, yet maintains the incompatibility of this state with any external sinful or sensual action.

Semiquintile (sem'i-kwin-til), n. In astrol. an aspect of two planets when distant from each other half of the quintile, or 36 degrees. Semi-recondite (sem-i-rek'on-dit), a. Halfhidden or concealed; specifically, in zool. applied to the head of an insect half concealed within the shield of the thorax. Semi-septate (sem-i-sep'tat), a. In bot. halfpartitioned; having a dissepiment which does not project into the cavity to which it belongs sufficiently to cut it off into two separate cells.

Semi-sextile (sem'i-seks-til), n. In astrol. an aspect of two planets when they are distant from each other the half of a sextile, or 30 degrees.

Semi-smile (sem'i-smil), n. A half laugh; a forced grin. A doleful and doubtful semismile of welcome." Lord Lytton. Semisoun, tn. A half-sound; a low or broken tone. Chaucer.

Semi-spheric,Semi-spherical (sem-i-sfer'ik, sem-i-sfer'ik-al), a. Having the figure of a half sphere.

Semi-spinal (sem'i-spi-nal), a. In anat. applied to two muscles connected with the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebræ.

Semi-steel (sem'i-stel), n. A name given in the United States to puddled steel. Semi-tangent (sem'i-tan-jent), n. In math. the tangent of half an arc. Semite (sem'it), n. A descendant of Shem; one of the Semitic race. See under SEMITIC. Written also Shemite.

Semite (sem'it), a. Of or belonging to Shem or his descendants. Written also Shemite. Semitendinose (sem-i-ten'din-oz), a. In anat. applied to a muscle situated obliquely along the back part of the thigh. It assists in bending the leg, and at the same time draws it a little inwards.

In zool. hav

ing the feet webbed only partly down the

toes.

Semi-parabola (sem'i-pa-rab'ō-la), n. In math a curve of such a nature that the powers of its ordinates are to each other as the next lower powers of its abscissas. Semiped (sem'i-ped), n. [Semi, and L. pes, pedis, a foot. In pros. a half-foot. Semipedal (sem-i-pe'dal), a. In pros. containing a half-foot.

Semi-Pelagian (sem'i-pe-lā"ji-an), n. In eccles. hist. a follower of John Cassianus, a monk who, about the year 430, modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by maintaining that grace was necessary to salvation, but that, on the other hand, our natural faculties were sufficient for the commencement of repentance and amendment; that Christ died for all men; that his grace was equally offered to all men; that man was born free, and therefore capable of receiving its influences or resisting them.

applied to a fever possessing both the characters of the tertian and quotidian intermittent. Dunglison. Semitertian (sem-i-tér'shi-an), n. A semitertian fever.

Semitic (se-mit'ik), a. Relating to Shem or his reputed descendants; pertaining to the Hebrew race or any of those kindred to it, as the Arabians, the ancient Phoenicians, and the Assyrians. Semitic or Shemitic languages, an important group or family of languages distinguished by triliteral verbal roots and vowel inflection. It comprises three branches-Northern, Aramæan, Aramaic or Chaldean; Central or Canaanitish; and South

ern or Arabic. These have been subdivided

as follows:-(1)Aramaan, including Eastern and Western Aramæan; the Eastern embraces the Assyrian, the Babylonian, from which several dialects originated, as the Chaldaic, the Syro-Chaldaic; and the Samaritan. The Western Aramæan includes the Syriac dialect, the Palmyrene, and the

SEMPSTRESS

Sabian idiom, a corrupted Syriac dialect. (2) Canaanitish comprises the Phoenician language, with its dialect the Punic or Carthaginian, and the Hebrew with the Rabbinic dialect. (3) Arabic proper, from which originated the Ethiopian or Abyssinian. Semitism (sem'it-izm), n. A Semitic idiom or word; the adoption of what is peculiarly Semitic.

Semitone (sem'i-tön), n. In music, half a tone; an interval of sound, as between mi and fa in the diatonic scale, which is only half the distance of the interval between ut (do) and re, or sol and la. A semitone, strictly speaking, is not half a tone, as there are three kinds of semitones-greater, lesser, and natural.

Semitonic (sem-i-ton'ik), a. Pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone or of semitones.

Semi-transept (sem'i-tran-sept), n. The half of a transept or cross aisle. Semi-transparency (sem'i-trans-pā"ren-s!), n. Imperfect transparency; partial opaque

ness.

Semi-transparent (sem'i-trans-pā"rent), a Half or imperfectly transparent. Semi-vitrification (sem-i-vit'ri-fl-kā"shon), n. 1. The state of being imperfectly vitrified.-2. A substance imperfectly vitrified. Semi-vitrified (sem-i-vit'ri-fid), a. Half or imperfectly vitrifled; partially converted into glass.

Semi-vocal (sem'i-võ-kal), a. Pertaining to a semi-vowel; half-vocal; imperfectly sounding.

Semi-vowel (sem'i-vou-el), n. A half-vowel: a sound partaking of the nature of both a Vowel and a consonant; an articulation which is accompanied with an imperfect sound, which may be continued at pleasure, as the sounds of l, m, r. Also, the sign representing such a sound.

Semmit (sem'mit), n. [Perhaps a contr. of Fr. chemisette.] An undershirt, generally woollen. [Scotch.]

Semnopithecus (sem'no-pi-the"kus),n. [Gr. sempos, august, venerable, and pithekos, an ape. A genus of catarhine or Old World apes, having long slender tails, well-developed canine teeth, and tuberculate molars. One of the most familiar species, S. Entellus, the sacred monkey of the Hindus, is of a grayish or grayish-brown colour, with black hands, feet, and face. All the species are natives of Asia and Asiatic islands. Semola, Semolella (sem'o-lä, sem-o-lellä), n. Same as Semolina.

Semolina (sem-ō-li'na), n. [It. semolino.] A name given to the large hard grains retained in the bolting-machine after the fine flour has been passed through it. It is of various degrees of fineness, and is often made intentionally in considerable quantities, being a favourite food in France, and to some extent used in Britain for making puddings. See MANNA-CROUP.

Semoule (sa-möl'), n. [Fr.] Same as Semolina.

Sempervirent (sem-per-vi'rent), a. [L. semper, always, and virens, virentis, flourishing. Always fresh; evergreen. Sempervive (sem'per-viv), n. The houseleek. Bacon. See SEMPERVIVUM. Sempervivum (sem-per-vi'vum), n. [L.,from semper, always, and vivus, living] A genus of plants which includes the house-leek. See HOUSE-LEEK.

Sempiternal (sem-pi-tér'nal), a. [Fr. sempiternel; L. sempiternus-semper, always, and eternus, eternal] 1. Eternal in futurity; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no end.

Those, though they suppose the world not to be eternal, a parte ante,' are not contented to suppose it to be sempiternal, or eternal, 'a parte post. Sir M. Hale.

2. Eternal; everlasting; without beginning or end.

Sempiternity (sem-pi-tèr'ni-ti), n. [L. sempiternitas. See SEMPITERNAL.] Future duration without end. The future eternity or sempiternity of the world.' Sir M. Hale. Semple (sem'pl), a. Simple; low-born; of mean birth: opposed to gentle. [Scotch.] Sempre (sem'pra). [It.] In music, always or throughout. Sempster (semp'ster), n. A seamster (which

see).

He supposed that Walton had given up his busiBoswell. ness as a linen-draper and sempster. Sempstress (semp'stres), n. [A. Sax. seamestre, a sempstress, with term. -ess.] A woman who lives by needle-work. Swift.

SEMPSTRESSY

Sempstressy (semp'stres-i), n. See SEAM

STRESSY.

Semuncia (se-mun'si-a), n. [L semi, half, and uncia the twelfth part of an as.] A mall Roman coin of the weight of four drachms, being the twenty-fourth part of the Roman pound

Sent (sen), atv. Since.

Senary (sen'a-ri), a. [L. senarius, from seni, six each, from sex, six] Of six; belonging to six. containing six.

Senate (senat) n. [Fr. sénat, from L. senatus, from sener, senis, old, aged; Gr. henos, Skr. sanas, old.] 1. An assembly or council of citizens invested with a share in the government of a state, as, (a) originally, in ancient Rome, a body of elderly citizens appointed or elected from among the nobles of the state, and having supreme legislative power. The number of senators during the best period of the Roman republic was 300. (b) The upper or less numerous branch of a legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United States, in most of the separate states of the Union, and in some Swiss cantons. Hence, (e) in general, a legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of a government. The crown, the senate, and the bench. A. Fonblanque. 2. The governing body of the University of Cambridge. It is divided into two houses, named regents and non-regents. The former consists of Masters of Arts of less than five years' standing, and doctors of less than two, and is enlled the upper house or white-hood house, from its members wearing hoods lined with white silk. All other masters and doctors who keep their names on the college books are non-regents, and compose the lower house or black-hood house, from its members wearing black hoods.

Senate-chamber (sen'át-cham-bér), n. A chamber or hall in which a senate assemhies.

Senate-house (sen'at-hous), n. A house in which a senate meets, or a place of public council Shak

Senator (senʼat-or), n. 1. A member of a senate. In Scotland the lords of session are called senators of the college of justice.

In old English law, a member of the king's ecancil; a king's councillor. Burrill. Senatorial (sen-a-tori-al),a. 1. Pertaining to a senate; becoming a senator; as, senatorial robes; senatorial eloquence.

Go on, brave youths, till, in some future age,
Whips shall become the senatorial badge.
T. Wharton.

2. In the United States, entitled to elect a senator; as, a senatorial district. Senatorially (sen-a-to'ri-al-li), adv. In a senatorial manner: in a way becoming a senator; with dignity or solemnity.

grave

The mother was cheerful; the father senatorially A. Drummond. Senatorian (sen-a-to'ri-an), a. Same as Senatorial

Propose your schemes, ye senatorian band, Whose ways and means support the sinking land. Fohnson. Senatorious+ (sen-a-to'ri-us), a. Senatorial. Senatorship (senʼat-or-ship), n. The office or dignity of a senator. Richard Carew. Senatus (se-na'tus), n. [L] A senate; a governing body in certain universities. Senatus acadeinicus, one of the governing bodies in Scotch universities, consisting of the principal and professors, and charged with the superintendence and regulation of discipline, the administration of the university property and revenues, subject to the control and review of the university court, and the conferring of degrees through the chancellor or vice-chancellor.-Senatus consultum, a decree of the ancient Roman senate, pronounced on some question or point of law.

Sence (sens), n. Sense; feeling; sympathy. Spenser.

Send (send), v. t. pret. & pp. sent; ppr. sending. [A. Sax sendan, to send, pret. ic sende, I sent; O. Fris., Icel senda, Dan. sende, D. zenden, G. senden, Goth. sandjan, to send, lit. to make to go; Goth. sinthan, to go, from sinths, A. Sax. sith, a path; cog. Skr. sadh, to go.] 1. To cause to go or pass from one place to another; to despatch.

30

3. To impel; to propel; to throw; to cast; to hurl; as, this gun sends a ball 2000 yards. In his right hand he held a trembling dart Whose fellow he before had sent apart. Spenser. 4. To commission, authorize, or direct to go and act.

I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran Jer. xxii. It. 5. To cause to take place; to cause to come; to bestow; to inflict.

He... sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Mat. v. 45. The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexanon, and rebuke. Deut. xxvi. 20. 'God send him well.

6. To cause to be. Shak.

Send her victorious,

Happy and glorious. National Anthem.

7. Before certain verbs of motion, to cause to do the act indicated by the principal verb. It always, however, implies impulsion or propulsion; as, to send one packing.

He flung him out into the open air with a violence which sent him staggering several yards. Warren. Shall we be at once split asunder into innumerable fragments, and sent drifting through indefinite space. Warren.

The royal troops instantly fired such a volley of musketry as sent the rebel horse flying in all direcMacaulay.

tions.

-To send forth or out, (a) to produce; to put or bring forth; as, a tree sends forth branches. (b) To emit; as, flowers send forth their fragrance.

Send (send), v. i. 1. To despatch a message; to despatch an agent or messenger for some purpose.

See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? 2 Ki. vi. 32

2. Naut. to pitch precipitately into the hollow or interval between two waves: with sended as pret.

She sended forward heavily and sickly on the long swell. She never rose to the opposite heave of the sea again. Mich. Scott.

-To send for, to request or require by message to come or be brought; as, to send for a physician; to send for a coach. Send (send), n. The motion of the waves, or the impetus given by their motion. Sendal (sen'dal), n. [O. Fr. and Sp. cendal, sendal; L. L. cendalum, usually derived from Gr. sindon, a fine Indian cloth, from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name of the river Indus, whence the name India is derived.] A light thin stuff of silk or thread.

Sails of silk and ropes of sendal,

Such as gleam in ancient lore. Longfellow. Sender (send'ér), n. One that sends. Shak. Senebiera (sen'e-bi-e'ra), n. [In honour of John de Senebier, of Geneva, a vegetable physiologist.] A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferæ; sometimes called Coronopus. S. Coronopus (common wart-cress) is a native of Europe and North America, and was formerly eaten as a salad. S. didyma is a native of Great Britain, growing on waste ground near the sea. S. nilotica is eaten as a salad in Egypt. They are insignificant weeds with prostrate diffuse stems, finely divided leaves, and small white flowers. Seneca (sen'ē-ka), n. See SENEGA. Seneca-oil (sen'e-ka-oil), n. A name for petroleum or naphtha, from its having originally been collected and sold by the Seneca Indians. Seneca-root (sen'ē-ka-röt), n. See SENEGA. Senecio (se-në'shi-o), n. [From L. senex, an old man; the receptacle is naked and resembles a bald head.] A genus of plants, known by the common names of groundsel and ragwort. See GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT. Senectitude (se-nek'ti-tūd), n. [L. senectus, old age, from senex, old.] Old age. titude, weary of its toils.' H. Miller. [Rare.] Senega, Seneka (sen'e-ga, sen'ē-ka), n. A drug consisting of the root of a plant called also senega, seneca, and rattlesnake-root, of the genus Polygala, the P. Senega, a native of the United States. The drug is said to have been used as an antidote to the effects of the bite of the rattlesnake. It is now almost exclusively used in cough mixtures, being similar in its effects to squill. See POLYGALA.

Senec

Senegal (sen'e-gal). See GUM-SENEGAL Senescence (se-nes'sens), n. [L. senesco, from senex, old.] The state of growing old; decay by time.

The earth and all things will continue in the state wherein they now are, without the least senescence or decay. Woodward. Senescent (se-nes'sent),a. Beginning to grow old. Now as the night was senescent." E. A. Poe.

SENNA

Seneschal (sen es-shal), n

OFF seneschuti. L. L senescallus, se eus, O. G. senescain-sene, cid = L. seher, a scale, senih, a servant (seen also in s shai An officer in the houses of prin and dignitaries, who has the superinter ence of feasta and domestic ceremonies steward. In some instances the senesel was an officer who had the dispensing of ju

tice.

Seneschal is a word rarely used except by pers who affect a land of refinement of style, walk t think is attuned by using words of exc rather than words the namurai growth of their Scil In poetry and romance writing it is somet used for a pricipal officer in the household af anguisited persons, when it is thought that the w steward would be too familiar. Penny Cuspes

Chaucer.

Τ

Seneschalship (sen es-shal-ship), m. otice of seneschal Senge, v. To singe. + Sengreen (sen gren), n. G singrun plant, as periwinkle-sin, a root, signifyi strength. force, duration, and grua, gree A plant, the house-leek, of the genus Se pervivum.

Senile (se nil), a L senilis, from sene old See SENATE.] Pertaining to old ai proceeding from age; especially pertaini to or proceeding from the weaknesses us ally accompanying old age; as, senile g rulity; senile drivel •Senile maturity judgment. Boyle.

Loss of colour of the hair may be accidental p mature, or senile. Coplana Senility (sé-nil'i-ti), n. The state of bei senile; old age. Boswell. Senior (se ni-er), a. [L. senior, compar sener, old 1 More advanced in age: old elder: when following a personal nan as John Smith, senior (usually contract senr. or sen.), it denotes the eldest two persons in one family or community that name. -2 Higher or more advand in rank, office, or the like; as, a senior p tor, officer, member of parliament, &c Senior wrangler. See WRANGLER. Senior (se ni-er), n. 1. A person who older than another; one more advanced life.

He (Pope) died in May, 1744, about a year an half before his friend Swift, who, more than twe years his senior, had naturally anticipated that Crai should be the first to depart.

2. One that is older in office, or whose fi entrance upon an office was anterior to th of another; one prior or superior in rank office.-3. A student in the fourth year the curriculum in American colleges; al one in the third year in certain profession seminaries.-4. An aged person; one of t oldest inhabitants. A senior of the pla replies. Dryden. Seniority (se-ni-or'i-ti), n. 1. State of bei senior; superior age; priority of birth: he is the elder brother, and entitled to place by seniority.-2. Priority or supe ority in rank or office; as, the seniority a pastor or an officer.-3. An assembly court consisting of the senior fellows of college.

Farra

Sha

The dons were not slow to hear of what had h pened, and they regarded the matter in so seriou light, that they summoned a seniority for its im diate investigation. Seniorize (sēn'i-èr-iz), v.i. To exerc lordly authority; to lord it; to rule. Fa fax. Senioryt (sen'yêr-i), n. Same as Seniori If ancient sorrow be most reverent, Give mine the benefit of seniory. Senna (sen'na), n. [Ar. sena, senna.] 1 leaves of various species of Cassia, the b of which are natives of the East. The B ish Pharmacopoeia recognizes two kinds senna, the Alexandrian and the Tinnevel Alexandrian senna (Senna Alexandri consists of the lance-shaped leaflets of lanceolata and the obovate ones of C. d vata, carefully freed from the flowers, po and leaf-stalks. It is grown in Nubia a Upper Egypt, and imported in large ba from Alexandria. It is liable to be adult ated by an admixture of the leaves, flowe and fruit of the argel (Solenostemma Arg Tinnevelly or East Indian senna (Sen Indica) is a very fine kind, and consists the large lance-shaped leaflets of C.elonga The leaflets of C. obovata are from th shape called also blunt-leaved senna, & from their place of export Aleppo sent The true senna leaves are distinctly ribl and thin, and generally pointed, and readily distinguished from the leaves argel by their unequally oblique base a

SENNACHY

their freedom from bitterness. Senna is a general and efficient laxative in cases of occasional or habitual constipation. Given alone it occasions

griping and nausea; it is therefore best administered with aromatics or with neutral laxative salts, which at the same time increase its activity. It is used in dyspepsia and in febrile and inflammatory diseases; but, as it is sometimes drastic, it must be avoided when the alimentary canal is much affected. Bladder senna, the Colutea arborescens, a native of the south

of Europe, and em- Senna (Cassia lanceolata). ployed to adulter

ate blunt-leaved senna.-Scorpion senna, the Coronilla Emerus, à native of the south of Europe. The leaves are purgative and drastic, but are inconvenient on account of their griping effects.

Sennachy (sen'na-chi), n. Same as Seannachie.

Sennett (sen'net), n. [Probably from L. signum, a signal.] A particular set of notes on a trumpet or cornet, different from a flourish. The word occurs chiefly in the stage directions of old plays. Variously written Sennit, Senet, Synnet, Cynet, Signet, and Signate.

Se'nnight (sen'nit), n. [Contr. from sevennight, as fortnight from fourteennight.] The space of seven nights and days; a week. If the interim be but a se'nnight, Time's pace is so

hard

That it seems the length of seven year. Shak. My love for Nature is as old as I;

But thirty moons, one honeymoon to that, And three rich se'nnights more, my love for her. Tennyson. Sennit (sen'nit), n. [From seven and knit.] Naut. a sort of flat braided cordage used for various purposes, and formed by plaiting rope-yarns or spun-yarn together. Senocular (se-nok'ü-lér), a. [L. seni, six each, from sex, six, and oculus, the eye.] Having six eyes.

Most animals are binocular, spiders octonocular, and some senocular. Derham.

Señor (sen-yor'), n. A Spanish title or form of address, corresponding to the English Mr. or sir; a gentleman.

Señora (sen-yo'ra), n. The feminine of
Señor; madame or Mrs.; a lady.
Sensate, Sensatedt (sens'at, sens'at-ed), a.
Perceived by the senses.

Sensatet (sens'at), v.t. To have perception
of, as an object of the senses; to apprehend
by the senses or understanding.
Sensation (sen-sa'shon), n. [Fr. sensation,
from L. L. sensatio, sensationis, from L. sen-
tio, sensum, to feel, hear, see, &c.. to per-
ceive. See SENSE ] 1. The effect produced on
the sensorium by something acting on the
bodily organs; an impression made upon
the mind through the medium of one of the
organs of sense; feeling produced by exter-
nal objects, or by some change in the inter-
nal state of the body; a feeling; as, a sen-
sation of light, heat, heaviness, &c.

Sensa

tions are conveyed by means of nerves to the brain or sensorium. An impression produced by something external to the body is sometimes spoken of as an external sensation; when it proceeds from some change taking place within the living system, and arising from its own actions, it is termed an internal sensation; thus the impression communicated to the mind by the effect of light on the retina, and the painful sensation produced by a blow, are external sensations; the feeling of hunger and of restlessness are internal sensations. The external organs by which those impressions which cause sensations are primarily received are called the organs of the senses; these are the eye, the ear, the nose, the tongue, palate, &c., which constitute the organ of taste, and the extremities of nerves, dispersed under the common integuments, which give rise to the common sensation, feeling or touch. In addition to these, according to Professor Bain, 'the feelings connected with the movements of body, or the action of the muscles, have come to be re

31

cognized as a distinct class, differing materially from the sensations of the five senses. They have been regarded by some metaphysicians as proceeding from a sense apart, a sixth or muscular sense, and have accordingly been enrolled under the general head of sensations. That they are to be dealt with as a class by themselves, as much so as sounds or sights, the feelings of affection, or the emotions of the ludicrous, is now pretty well admitted on all hands.'-2. The power of feeling or receiving impressions through organs of sense; as, inorganic bodies are devoid of sensation.

This great source of most of the ideas we have, depending wholly upon our senses, and derived by them to the understanding, I call sensation. Locké. 3. Agreeable or disagreeable feelings occasioned by causes that are not corporeal or material; purely spiritual or psychical affections; as, sensations of awe, sublimity, ridicule, novelty, &c.-4. A state of excited interest or feeling; as, to create a sensation.

The sensation caused by the appearance of that work is still remembered by many Brougham. .5. That which produces sensation or excited interest or feeling. The greatest sensation of the day; the grand incantation scene of the Freischütz.' Times newspaper.-6. Only as much of anything as can be perceived by the senses; a very small quantity; as, a sensation of brandy. [Slang.]-The word is often used as an adjective in the sense of causing excited interest or feeling; as, sensation novels, drama, oratory, &c.-Sensation novels, novels that produce their effect by exciting and often improbable situations, by taking as their groundwork some dreadful secret, some atrocious crime, or the like, and painting scenes of extreme peril, high-wrought passion, &c. Sensational (sen-sa'shon-al), a. 1. Having sensation; serving to convey sensation; sentient. Dunglison.-2. Relating to or implying sensation or perception by the senses.

He whose eye is so refined by discipline that he can repose with pleasure upon the serene outline of beautiful form has reached the purest of the sensa tional raptures. F. 11 Robertson.

3. Producing sensation or excited interest or emotion; as, a sensational novel.-4. Pertaining to sensationalism.

Are we then obliged to give in our adherence to the sensational philosophy? Farrar. Sensationalism (sen-sa'shon-al-izm), n. In metaph. the theory or doctrine that all our ideas are solely derived through our senses or sensations; sensualism. Sensationalist (sen-sa'shon-al-ist), n. In metaph. a believer in or upholder of the doctrine of sensationalism or sensualism. Sometimes used adjectivally.

Accordingly we are not surprised to find that Locke was claimed as the founder of a sensationalist school, whose ultimate conclusions his calm and pious mind would have indignantly repudiated.... We consider this on the whole a less objectionable term than 'sensualist' or 'sensuist; the latter word is uncouth, and the former, from the things which it connotes, is Farrar hardly fair.

Sensationary (sen-sa'shon-a-ri), n. Possessing or relating to sensation; sensational. Sense (sens), n. [L. sensus, sensation, a sense, from sentio, sensum, to perceive by the senses (whence sentence, consent, dissent, assent, &c.)] 1.One of the faculties by which man and the higher animals perceive external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the body. The senses enable us to become acquainted with some of the conditions of our own bodies, and with certain properties and states of external things, such as their colour, taste, odour, size, form, density, motion, &c. A sense is exercised through a specialized portion of the nervous system, capable of receiving only one series or kind of impressions. The senses are usually spoken of as being five in number, namely, sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch; and each of them is exercised in the recognition of an impression conveyed along some nerve to the brain. Some physiologists, however, recognize a sixth or muscular sense arising from the sensitive department of the fifth pair and the compound spinal nerves. (See under SENSATION.) Others again treat of a seventh or visceral sense, a term which they apply to the instinctive sensations arising from the ganglionic department of the nervous system.-2. Perception by the senses or bodily organs; sensation; feeling. Burn out the sense and virtue of mine eye.' Shak.

In a living creature, though never so great, the

SENSIBILITY

sense and the affects of any one part of the body instantly make a transcursion throughout the whole. Bacon.

3. Perception by the mind; apprehension through the intellect; recognition; understanding; discernment; appreciation; feeling. 'Basilius, having the quick sense of n lover.' Sir P. Sidney. Having sense of beauty.' Shak.

Have they any sense of what they sing? Tennyson 4. Moral perception; consciousness; conviction; as, to have a sense of wrong, a sense of shame. Tennyson.

Some are so hardened in wickedness as to have no sense of the most friendly offices. Sir R. L'Estrange. 5. Sound perception and reasoning; correct reason; good mental capacity; understanding; as, a man of sense. 'Lost the sense that handles daily life.' Tennyson.

Immodest words admit of no defence,
For want of decency is want of sense. Roscommon.
Yet, if he has sense but to balance a straw,

He will sure take the hint from the picture I draw.
Smollett
6. Perceptive faculties in the aggregate;
faculty of thinking and feeling; mind. 'Did
all confound her sense. Tennyson.

Are you a man? have you a soul or sense! Shak. 7. That which is felt or is held as a sentiment, view, or opinion; judgment; notion; opinion. The municipal council of the city had ceased to speak the sense of the citizens. Macaulay.

8. Meaning; import; signification; as, the true sense of a word or phrase; a literal or figurative sense.

When a word has been used in two or three senses, and has made a great inroad for error, drop one or two of those senses, and leave it only one remaining. Watts. -Common sense. See under COMMON. Senset (sens), v. t. To perceive by the senses. Is he sure that objects are not otherwise sensed by Glanville. others than they are by him? Sensefult (sens'ful), a. Reasonable; judicious. Hearkening to his senseful speech.' Spenser.

Senseless (sens'les), a. 1. Destitute of sense; having no power of sensation or perception; incapable of sensation or feeling; insensible; as, the body when dead is senseless; but a limb or other part of the body may be senseless when the rest of the body enjoys its usual sensibility.

The ears are senseless that should give us hearing, Shak. 2. Wanting feeling, sympathy, or appreciation; without sensibility.

The senseless grave feels not your pious sorrows. Rowe. 3. Contrary to reason or sound judgment; ill-judged; unwise; foolish; nonsensical. They would repent this their senseless perverse. ness when it would be too late. Clarendon.

4. Wanting understanding; acting without sense or judgment; foolish; stupid.

They were a senseless stupid race. Swift. Senselessly (sens'les-li), adv. In a senseless manner; stupidly; unreasonably; as, a man senselessly arrogant. Locke. Senselessness (sens'les-nes), n. The state or quality of being senseless; as, (a) want of sensation, perception, or feeling. A gulf, a void, a sense of senselessness. Shelley. (b) Want of judgment or good sense; unreasonableness; folly; stupidity; absurdity. Sensibility (sens-i-bil'i-ti), n. 'Stupidity and senselessness.' Hales. [Fr. sensibilité, from sensible.] 1. The state or quality of being sensible or capable of sensation; that power which any organ or tissue of the body has of causing changes inherent in or excited in it to be perceived and recognized by the mind; as, a frozen limb loses its sensibility.-2. Capacity to feel or perceive in general; specifically, the capacity of the soul to exercise or to be the subject of emotion or feeling, as distinguished from the intellect and the will; the capacity of being impressed with such sentiments as those of sublimity, awe, wonder, &c. - 3. Peculiar susceptibility of impression, pleasurable or painful; delicacy or keenness of feeling; quick emotion or sympathy; as, sensibility to praise or blamie; a man of exquisite sensibility.

Modesty is a kind of quick and delicate feeling in the soul: it is such an exquisite sensibility as warns a woman to shun the first appearance of everything hurtful. Addison.

The true lawgiver ought to have a heart full of sensibility.

Burke.

SENSIBLE

4. Experience of sensations; actual feeling. Burke.-5. That quality of an instrument which makes it indicate very slight changes of condition; delicacy; sensitiveness; as, the sensibility of a balance or of a thermometer. Sensible (sens'i-bl), a. [Fr. sensible, from L. sensibilis, from sensus. See SENSE.] 1. Capable of being perceived by the senses; apprehensible through the bodily organs; capable of exciting sensation.

Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible

Shak.

To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation? Air is sensible to the touch by its motion. Arbuthnot. 2. Perceptible to the mind; making an impression on the reason or understanding; keenly felt.

The disgrace was more sensible than the pain. Sir W. Temple. 3. Capable of sensation; having the capacity of receiving impressions from external objects; capable of perceiving by the senses or bodily organs; as, the eye is sensible to light.

I would that your cambric were as sensible as your finger, that you might leave pricking it for pity. Shak. 4. Capable of emotional influences; emotionally affected. If thou wert sensible of courtesy.' Shak. 'Sensible of wrong.' Dryden.-5. Very liable to impression from without; easily affected; sensitive. 'With affection wondrous sensible.' Shak.-6. Per

ceiving or having perception either by the senses or the intellect; perceiving so clearly as to be convinced; cognizant; satisfied; persuaded.

I do not say there is no soul in man because he is not sensible of it in his sleep; but I do say he cannot think at any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. Locke.

They were now sensible it would have been better to comply than to refuse. Addison.

7. Easily or readily moved or affected by natural agents; capable of indicating slight changes of condition; sensitive; as, a sensible thermometer or balance.--8. Possessing or containing sense, judgment, or reason; endowed with or characterized by good or common sense; intelligent; understanding; reasonable; judicious; as, a sensible man; a sensible proposal. To be now a sensible man, by and by a fool.' Shak. Sensible note or tone, in music, the seventh note of any diatonic scale: so termed because, being but a semitone below the octave or key-note, and naturally leading up to that, it makes the ear sensible of its approaching sound. Called also the Leading Note. Sensible † (sens'i-bl), n. 1. Sensation; sensibility.

Our torments also may in length of time
Become our elements; these piercing fires
As soft as now severe, our temper changed
Into their temper; which must needs remove
The sensible of pain.

Milton

2. That which produces sensation; that which impresses itself on the senses; something perceptible; a material substance. Dr. H. More.-3. That which possesses sensibility or capability of feeling; sensitive being.

This melancholy extends itself not to men only, but even to vegetals and sensibles. Burton.

Sensibleness (sens'i-bl-nes), n. The state or quality of being sensible; sensibility; as, (a) capability of sensation; as, the sensibleness of the eye to light. (b) Possibility of being perceived by the senses. (c) Sensitiveness; keenness of feeling. This feeling and sensibleness and sorrow for sin.' Hammond. (d) Good sense; intelligence; reasonableness; as, the sensibleness of his conduct or remarks. Sensibly (sens'i-bli), adv. In a sensible manner; as, (a) in a manner perceived by the senses; perceptibly to the senses; as, pain sensibly increased; motion sensibly accelerated. (b) With perception, either of mind or body; sensitively; feelingly; as, he feels his loss very sensibly.

Milton.

What remains past cure Bear not too sensibly. (c) With intelligence or good sense; judiciously; as, the man converses very sensibly on all common topics. Sensiferous (sen-sif'èr-us), a. Producing sensation. [Rare.]

Sensific (sen-sif'ik), a. [L. sensus, sense, and facio, to make.] Producing sensation. Sensism (sens'izm), n. In metaph. same as Sensualism.

Sensist (sens'ist), n. Same as Sensationalist. Sensitive (sens'i-tiv), a. [Fr. sensitif, L. L. sensitivus. See SENSE.] 1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity of perceiving impressions from external objects. The

32

sensitive appetite.' Dryden. The sensitive faculty.' Ray. -2. Having feelings easily excited; having feelings keenly susceptible of external impressions; readily and acutely affected; of keen sensibility; as, the most sensible men are the least sensitive.

She was too sensitive to abuse and calumny.
Macaulay.

3. In physics, easily affected or moved; as, a sensitive balance; a sensitive thermometer. 4. In chem. and photog. readily affected by the action of appropriate agents; as, iodized paper is sensitive to the action of light.5. Serving to affect the senses; sensible. 'A love of some sensitive object.' Hammond. [Rare.]-6. Pertaining to the senses or to sensation; depending on sensation; as, sensitive muscular motions excited by irritation. -Sensitive flames, flames which are easily affected by sounds, being made to lengthen out or contract, or change their form in various ways. The most sensitive flame is produced in burning gas issuing from a small taper jet. Such a flame will be affected by very small noises, as the ticking of a watch held near it or the clinking of coins 100 feet off. The gas must be turned on so that the flame is just at the point of roaring. -Sensitive plant. See SENSITIVE-PLANT. Sensitive † (sens'i-tiv), n. Something that feels; sensorium.

Sensitively (sens'i-tiv-li), adv. In a sensitive manner. Hammond. Sensitiveness (sens'i-tiv-nes), n. The state of being sensitive or easily affected by external objects, events, or representations; the state of having quick and acute sensibility to impressions upon the mind and feelings.

Sensitive-plant (Mimosa pudica)

Sensitive-plant (sens'i-tiv-plant), n. A name given to several plants which display movements of their leaves in a remarkable degree, not only under the influence of light and darkness, but also under mechanical and other stimuli. The common sensitive plant is a tropical American leguminous annual of the genus Mimosa (M. pudica). It is a low plant, with white flowers disposed in heads, which are rendered somewhat conspicuous by the length of the stamens ; the leaves are compound, consisting of four leaves, themselves pinnated, united upon a common footstalk. At the approach of night the leaflets all fold together; the same takes place with the partial leaves, and, finally, the common footstalk bends towards the stem; at sunrise the leaves generally unfold. The same phenomena take place on the plant being roughly touched or irritated, only that it recovers itself in a short period. The same property belongs to other species of Mimosa, and to species of other genera, as the Hedysarum gyrans, the ternate and pinnate species of Oxalis, the Dionaea muscipula, &c. Sensitivity (sens-i-tiv'i-ti), n. The state of being sensitive; specifically, (a) in chem. and photog. readily affected by the action of appropriate agents; as, the sensitivity of prepared paper. (b) In physiol. that property of living parts by which they are capable of receiving impressions by means of the nervous system; sensibility. Sensitize (sens'i-tiz), v.t. pret. & pp. sensitized; ppr. sensitizing. To render sensitive or capable of being acted on by the actinic rays of the sun; as, sensitized paper or a sensitized plate: a term in photography, &c. Sensitory (sens'i-to-ri), n. Same as Sensory. See SENSORIUM. Sensivet (sen'siv), a. Possessing sense or feeling; sensitive. Sir P. Sidney. Sensor (sen'sor), a. Sensory. [Rare.] Sensorial (sen-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium; as, sensorial faculties; sensorial motions or powers. Sensorium (sen-so'ri-um), n. [From L.

SENSUOUS

sensus, sense.] 1. A general name given t the brain or to any series of nerve-centre in which impressions derived from the ex ternal world become localized, transforme into sensations, and thereafter transferre by reflex action to other parts of the body The term has been sometimes specially ap plied to denote the series of organs in th brain connected with the reception of spe cial impressions derived from the organs o sense. Thus the olfactory and optic lobes the auditory and gustatory ganglia, &c. form parts of the typical sensorium in thi latter sense. The older physiologists hel the theory of a sensorium commune which extended throughout the whole nervou system.-2. The term formerly applied t an ideal point in the brain where the sou was supposed to be more especially locate or centralized; according to Descartes small body near the base of the brain calle the pineal gland.

Sensory (sen'so-ri), a. Relating to the sen sorium; as, sensory ganglia; sensory nerves Sensory (sen'so-ri), n. 1. Same as Sens rium, I.

Is not the sensory of animals the place to which th sensitive substance is present, and into which the ser sible species of things are carried through the nerves. the brain, that there they may be perceived by their in mediate presence to that substance. Sir I. Newto 2. † One of the organs of sense.

That we all have double sensories, two eyes, two ears is an effectual confutation of this atheistical sophism Bentley.

Sensual (sen'su-al), a. [L. sensualis, from sentio, sensum, to perceive by the senses See SENSE.] 1. Pertaining to, consisting in or affecting the senses or bodily organs of perception.

Far as creation's ample range extends

The scale of sensual, mental pow'rs ascends. Pop 2. Relating to or concerning the body, in dis tinction from the spirit; not spiritual o intellectual; carnal; fleshly. Jas. iii. 15 Jude 19.

tha

The greatest part of men are such as prefer. good which is sensual before whatsoever is divine. Hooker. 3. Pertaining to or consisting in the gratif cation of sense or the indulgence of appe tite; luxurious; lewd; voluptuous; devote to the pleasures of sense and appetite.

No small part of virtue consists in abstaining fro that in which sensual men place their felicity. Atterbury.

4. Pertaining, relating, or peculiar to sensu alism as a philosophical doctrine. Sensualism (sen'su-al-izm), n. 1. In metapl that theory which bases all our mental act and intellectual powers upon sensation sensationalism. The theory opposed to is intellectualism.-2. A state of subjectio to sensual feelings and appetites; sensuality lewdness.

Tyrants, by the sale of human life, Heap luxuries to their sensualism. Shelley. Sensualist (sen'su-al-ist), n. 1. A perso given to the indulgence of the appetites senses; one who places his chief happines in carnal pleasures.-2. One who holds th sensual theory in philosophy; a sensationa ist.

Sensualistic (sen'su-al-ist"ik), a. 1. U holding the doctrine of sensualism.-2. Ser

sual.

Sensuality (sen-su-al'i-ti), n. [Fr. sens alité. See SENSUAL.] The quality of bein sensual: (a) devotedness to the gratificatio of the bodily appetites; free indulgence i carnal or sensual pleasures. Those pan per'd animals that rage in savage sensuality Shak.

They avoid dress, lest they should have affection tainted by any sensuality. Addison. (b) Carnality; fleshliness. Daniel Rogers. Sensualization (sen'su-al-iz-a" shon), The act of sensualizing; the state of bein sensualized.

Sensualize (sen'su-al-iz), v.t. pret. & pr sensualized; ppr. sensualizing. To mak sensual; to subject to the love of sensu pleasure; to debase by carnal gratification Sensualized by pleasure, like those wh were changed into brutes by Circe.' Pop Sensually (sen'su-al-li), adv. In a sensu The qua

manner.

The same a

Sensualness (sen'su-al-nes), n. lity of being sensual; sensuality. Sensuism (sen'sū-izm), n. Sensualism. Sensuosity (sen-su-os'i-ti), n. The stat of being sensuous. Sensuous (sen'su-us), a. 1. Pertaining to th senses; connected with sensible objects; a