WRITE 3. To cover with characters or letters traced by the pen, &c. There she will sit in her smock till she have writ a sheet of paper. Shak. 4. To make known, express, announce, indicate, disclose, or communicate by means of characters formed by the pen, &c. What says Romeo? Prior. Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter. Shak. I chose to write the thing I dare not speak. 5. To compose and produce, as an author; as, to write a novel or a poem. • Write me a sonnet.' Shak. I well remember that Dr. Johnson maintained that if a man is to write a panegyric he may keep vices out of sight; but if he professes to write a life he must represent it really as it was. Boswell. 6. To designate by writing; to style in writing; to entitle; to declare; to record. O that he were here to write me down an ass. Shak. He who writes himself martyr by his own inscription is like an ill painter, who by writing on a shape. less picture which he had drawn, is fain to tell passengers what shape it is which else no man could imagine. Milton. 7. Fig. to impress deeply or durably; to imprint forcibly; to engrave; to indicate by any mark or sign. The last taste of sweets writ in remembrance.' Shak. The record of injuries. . . written in our flesh.' Shak. There is written in your brow honesty and constancy. Shak. -To write down, (a) to trace or form with a pen, &c., the words of; to record. 'Having our fair order written down." Shak. (b) To injure or depreciate the character, reputation, or quality of by writing unfavourably of; to criticise unfavourably; to put an end to by writing against; as, the young author was completely written down by the critics.-To write off, to note or record the deduction or cancelling or removal of; as, to write off discounts; to write off bad debts.-To write out, (a) to make a copy or transcription of; especially, to make a perfect copy of after being roughly drafted; to record in full; as, when the document is written out you may send it off. (b) To exhaust the ideas of or power of producing valuable literary work by too much writing: used reflexively; as, that author has written himself out. To write up, (a) to commend, praise, or heighten the reputation, character, or value of by written reports or criticisms; to bring into public notice and esteem by writing favourable accounts of; as, that critic has written up both the play and the actors. (b) To give the full details of in writing; to set down on paper with completeness of detail, elaborateness, fulness, or the like; as, to write up a story from a meagre outline. (c) To complete the transcription or inscription of; specifically, in book-keeping, to make the requisite entries in up to date; to post up; as, to write up a merchant's books. Write (rit), v. i. 1. To trace or form characters with a pen, pencil, or the like, upon paper or other material; to perform the act of tracing or marking characters so as to represent sounds or ideas. He can write and read and cast accompt. Shak. 2. To be regularly or customarily employed, occupied, or engaged in writing, copying, drawing up documents, accounts, bookkeeping, or the like; to follow the profession of a clerk, scribe, amanuensis, &c.; as, he writes in our chief public office.-3. To combine ideas and express them on paper for the information or enjoyment of others; to be engaged in literary work; to compose or produce articles, books, &c., as an author. The world agrees That he writes well who writes with ease. Prior. I live to write, and wrote to live. Rogers. 4. To conduct epistolary correspondence; to communicate by means of letter-writing; to convey information by letter or the like; as, I will write in a post or two. Shak. I go, write to me very shortly. Writer (rit'ér), n. One who writes or has written, or is in the habit of writing. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. Psa. xlv. 1 Specifically, (a) one skilled in penmanship; one whose occupation is principally confined to wielding the pen; as, a clerk, a scribe, an amanuensis; particularly a title given to clerks in the service of the late East India Company. (b) A member of the literary profession; an author, journalist, or the like. Tell prose writers stories are so stale That penny ballads make a better sale. Breton. (c) In Scotland, a term loosely applied to law agents, solicitors, attorneys, or the like, and sometimes to their principal clerks. Writer of the tallies. See TALLY.-Writer to the Signet. See SIGNET-Writer's cramp, a spasmodic affection frequently attacking persons (generally middle-aged) who have been accustomed to write much. The patient loses complete control over the muscles of the thumb and the fore and middle finger, so that all attempts to write regularly, and in the severer cases even legibly, are unsuccessful. The various methods of treatment for this trouble (such as surgical operations, the application of electricity, &c.) have not generally produced very satisfactory results, entire cessation from writing for a considerable time seeming to be the only course open to the patient. Called also Scrivener's Palsy. Writeress (rit'ér-es), n. A female writer or author. Thackeray. Writerling (rit'er-ling), n A petty, mean, or sorry writer or author. Every writer and writerling of name has a salary from the government. W. Taylor. Writership (rit'ér-ship), n. The office of writer. Writhe (rīTH), vt. pret. & pp. writhed; an old form writhen is still occasionally used by our poets. [A. Sax. writhan, to writhe, wreathe, twist; pret. wrath, pp. writhen; Icel. ritha (for writha), to writhe, twist, bind; Dan. vride, Sw. vrida, to writhe, wring; O.H.G. ridan; from same root as worth Akin (verb), L. verto, to turn (see VERSE). wrath, wreath, wrist, wrest.] 1. To twist with violence; to subject to contortion; to distort; to wring. His features seem writhen as by a palsy stroke. Spenser. The monster hissed aloud, and raged in vain, And writhed his body to and fro with pain. Addison. The whole herd, as by a whirlwind writhen, Went dismal through the air like one huge python. Keats. 2. To pervert; to wrest; to misapply. The reason which he yieldeth showeth the least part of his meaning to be that whereunto his words are writhed. Hooker. 3. To deprive of by torture, extortion, or the like; to wring; to extort. The nobility hesitated not to follow the example of their sovereign in writhing money from them by every species of oppression. Sir W. Scott. Writhe (riTH), v.i. 1. To twist the body about, as in pain; as, to writhe with agony. Supposing a case of tyranny the Tuscans will wriggle under it rather than writhe; and if even they should writhe yet they will never stand erect. Landor, They detested; they despised; they suspected; they writhed under authority; they professed submission only to obtain revenge. F. Martineau, 2. To advance by vermicular motion; to wriggle. [Rare.] And lissome Vivien holding by his heel Writhed toward him, slided up his knee and sat. Tennyson. Writhel, Writhle+ (rīTH'l), v. t. [Freq. from writhe.] To wrinkle. This weak and writhled shrimp.' Shak. The skin that was white and smooth is turned tawnie and writhel'd Bp. Hall. Writing (rit'ing), n. 1. The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, parchment, wood, stone, the inner bark and leaves of certain trees, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. 2. Anything written or expressed in letters; as, (a) any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, &c. (b) A literary or other composition; a manuscript: a pamphlet: a book; as, the writings of Addison. (c) An inscription. John xix. 19. Writing-book (rit'ing-buk), n. A blank paper book for practice in penmanship; a copy-book. Writing-chambers (rit'ing-cham-bêrz), n. pl. Apartments occupied by lawyers and their clerks, &c. Writing-desk (rit'ing-desk), n. A desk with a broad sloping top used for writing on; also, a portable case containing writing materials as used for the same purpose. See DESK. Writing-ink (rit'ing-ingk), n. See INK. Writing-master (rit'ing-mas-tèr), n. who teaches the art of penmanship. Writing-paper (rīt'ing-på-pèr), n. Paper finished with a smooth, generally sized, surface for writing on. One WRONG Writing-school (rit'ing-sköl), n. A school or an academy where hand-writing or caligraphy is taught. Writing-table (rīt'ing-tå-bl), n. A table used for writing on, having commonly a desk part, drawers, &c. Written (rit'n), p. and a. Reduced to writing; committed to paper or the like by pen and ink or otherwise, as opposed to oral or spoken; as, written testimony, instructions, or the like. Written language is a description of the said audible signs, by signs visible. Holder. -Written law, law contained in a statute or statutes: as contradistinguished from unwritten law. Wrizzled (riz'ld), a. Wrinkled. 'Her wrizzled skin.' Spenser. His wrizzled visage.' Gay. Wrokent (rō'kn), pp. of wreak. Revenged. Spenser. Wanted nothing but faithful subjects to have wro ken himself of such wrongs as were done and offered to him by the French king. Holinshed. Wrong (rong), a. [Properly the participle And told me I had turned the wrong side out. 2. Not morally right; not according to the divine or moral law; deviating from rectitude; not equitable; unjust. 'A free determination 'twixt right and wrong.' Shak. 3. Not according to the facts or to truth; inaccurate; erroneous. 'A wrong belief."' Shak. False intelligence or wrong surmis." Shak For modes of faith let graceless zealots fight, 4. Holding erroneous notions in regard to I am always bound to you, but you are free. Tennyson. SYN. Unjust, immoral, inequitable, erroneous, inaccurate, incorrect, faulty, detrimental, injurious, hurtful, unfit, unsuitable. 1. What is wrong or not Wrong (rong), n. right; a state, condition, or instance in which there is something not right: without an article; as, to be unable to distinguish between right and wrong.-2. A wrong, unfair, or unjust act; any violation of right or of divine or human law; an act of injustice; a breach of law to the injury of another, whether by something done or left undone; injustice; trespass. Do him not that wrong To bear a hard opinion of his truth. Shak. As the king of England can do no wrong, so neither can he do right, but in his courts and by his courts. Mriton. 3. Any injury, mischief, hurt, pain, or damage; as, to have many wrongs to complain of. All that are assembled in this place That by this sympathized one day's error Hath suffered wrong, go, keep us company. Shap Each had suffered some exceeding wrong. Tennyson. -In the wrong, (a) holding a wrong or unjustifiable position as regards another person; as, in a quarrel both parties may be in the wrong. Prior When people once are in the wrong. Each line they add is much too long. (b) In error; erroneously. 'Construe Cassio's smiles quite in the wrong.' Shak. Wrong (rong), adv. In a wrong manner; not rightly; erroneously; incorrectly; amiss; morally ill. Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss. Pope. Wrong (rong), v.t. 1. To treat with injustice: to deprive of some right or to withhold some act of justice from; to deal harshly, cruelly, or unfairly with; to injure; to hurt; to harm; to oppress; to disgrace; to offend. If he hath wronged thee or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account. Phile. 18. And my sword, Glued to its scabbard with wronged orphans' tears, Will not be drawn. Massinger 2. To do injustice to by imputation; to impute evil unjustly; as, if you suppose me capable of a base act you wrong me. - WRONG-DOER 3. Naut to outsail, by going to windward of the ship, and thus taking the wind out of her sails. We were very much wronged by the ship that had us in chase. Smollett. 669 Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. And to be wroth with one we love, Wrong-doer (rong dö-ér), n. 1. One who in- Wrung (rung), pret. & pp. of wring. She resolved to spend all her years.. in bewailing the wrong, and yet praying for the wrongdoer. Sir P. Sidney. 2. In law, one who commits a tort or trespass; a tort-feaser. Wrong-doing (rong'dö-ing), n. The doing of wrong; behaviour the opposite of what is right; evildoing. Wronger (rong'èr), n. One who wrongs; one who injures another. 'Caitiffs and wrongers of the world.' Tennyson. His Wrongful (rong'ful), a. Injurious; unjust; as, a wrongful taking of property. wrongful dealing.' Jer. Taylor. I am so far from granting thy request That I despise thee for thy wrongful suit. Shak. Wrongfully (rong'ful-li), adv. In a wrongful manner; unjustly; in a manner contrary to the moral law or to justice; as, to accuse one wrongfully; to suffer wrongfully. Accusing the Lady Hero wrongfully.' Shak. Wrongfulness (rong'ful-nes), n. Quality of being wrong or wrongful; injustice. Wronghead (rong'hed), n. A person of a misapprehending mind and an obstinate charac ter. Wry (ri), a. (A. Sax. wrigian, to bend, to turn, to incline; akin to wriggle (which see).] 1. Abnormally bent or turned to one side; in a state of contortion; twisted; distorted; as, a wry neck; a wry mouth; a wry face or distorted countenance frequently indicates discontent, disgust, impatience, pain, or the like. A wry nose. B. Jonson.-2. Crooked; bent; not straight. Many a wry meander.' W. Browne.-3. Deviating from what is right or becoming; misdirected; out of place; as, wry words. If he now and then make a wry step. W. Gilpin.-4. Wrested; perverted. He mangles and puts a wry sense on Protestant Atterbury. authors. 2. To bend or wind; to move in a winding or crooked course. The first with divers crooks and turning wries. Ph. Fletcher. 3. To writhe or wriggle. Beau. & Fl. make to deviate. Wronghead (rong hed), a. Same as Wrong Wry (ri), v.t. 1. To distort; to wrest; to headed. This jealous, waspish, wronghead, rhyming race. Pope. Wrongheaded (rong'hed-ed), a. Having the brain or head taken up with false or wrong notions or ideas; especially, perversely wrong; having a perverse understanding: perverse. A wrongheaded distrust of England. Bp. Berkeley. Wrongheadedly (rong-hed'ed-li), adv. In a wrong-headed manner; obstinately; perversely. (Johnson) then rose to be under the care of Mr. Hunter, the head-master, who according to his account, was very severe, and wrongheadedly severe. Boswell. Wrongheadedness (rong'hed-ed-nes), n. The state or quality of being wrongheaded; perverseness; erroneousness. Fidelity to opinions and to friends seems to him mere dulness and wrongheadedness. Macaulay. Wrongless (rong'les), a. Void of wrong. Wronglesslyt (rong'les-li), adv. Without injury to any one. Sir P. Sidney. Wrongly (rong'li), adv. In a wrong manner; unjustly; amiss. Shak Thou wouldst not play false And yet wouldst wrongly win. Wrongminded (rong'mind-ed), a. Having a mind wrongly inclined; entertaining erroneous or distorted views. Wrongness (rong'nes), n. The state or condition of being wrong; error. The best have great wrongnesses within themselves, which they complain of, and endeavour to amend. Butler. Wrongous (rong'us), n. [O.E. wrongwis, that is wrong-wise, the opposite of rightwise or righteous.] In Scots law, not right; unjust: illegal; as, wrongous imprisonment, false or illegal imprisonment. Wrote (rot), pret. and old pp. of write. Lucius hath wrote already.' Shak. Wrote,t v.. or t. [A. Sax. wrótan, to grub up. See ROOT.] To root or dig with the snout, as swine do. Chaucer. Wroth (rath), a. [A. Sax. wrath, angry, engraged, lit. twisted, from writhan, to twist or writhe. See WRATH, WREATH.] Very angry; much exasperated. They have wrested and wryed his doctrine. 2. To writhe; to twist. Wries his back and shrinks from the blow.' Jer. Taylor. Wryly (ri'li), adv. In a wry, distorted, or awkward manner. Most of them have tried their fortune at some little lottery-office of literature, and receiving a blank have chewed upon it harshly and wryly. Landor Wry-mouthed (ri'mourHd), a. Having the mouth awry. A shaggy tapestry... Instructive work! whose wry-mouth'd portraiture Display'd the fates her confessors endure. Pope Wryneck (ri'nek), n. 1. A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side, and at the same time somewhat forward 2. A disease of the spasmodic kind in sheep, in which the head is drawn to one side.-3. A small migratory Common Wryneck (Yunx torquilla). scansorial bird of the genus Yunx, allied to and resembling the woodpeckers: so called from the singular manner in which, when surprised, it turns its head over its shoulders. One species, the common wryneck (Yunx torquilla), is a summer visitant of England and the north of Europe, generally preceding the cuckoo a few days. It is remarkable for its long tongue, its power of X protruding and retracting it, and the writhing snake-like motion which it can impart to its neck without moving the rest of the body. It is also known by the names of Snake-bird, Cuckoo's Mate, &c Wrynecked (ri'nekt), a. Having a distorted neck. Some commentators in noticing the Shaksperean phrase, the wrynecked fife," are of opinion that the allusion is to the player; others hold that the reference is to the instrument, which they say is the old English flute, or flute à bec: so called from having a curved projecting mouthpiece like a bird's beak. Wryness (ri'nes), n. The state of being wry or distorted. Wud (wud), a. Wuddy (wud'i), n. Wullt (wul or wul), v. i. To will; to wish. 'Pour out to all that wull.' Spenser. Wull (wul), n. Will. [Scotch.] Wumil (wum'l), n. Mad. See WOOD. [Scotch.] A wimble. [Scotch.] Wurrus (wur'rus), n. A brick-red dyepowder, somewhat resembling dragon'sblood, collected from the seeds of Rottlera tinctoria. Wusset (wus), adv. Probably a form of the-wis of Y-wis, certainly. See Y-WIS. Why, I hope you will not a-hawking now, will you? No, wusse; but I'll practise against next year, uncle. B. Jonson. Wuther (wUTH'èr), v.i. To make a sullen roar. Written also Wudder. [Yorkshire.] The air was now dark with snow; an Iceland blast was driving it wildly. This pair neither heard the long wuthering' rush, nor saw the white burden it drifted. C. Bronte. Wych. Same as Wich. Wych-elm (wich'elm), n. [O.E. wiche, wyche, A. Sax. wice, a name applied to various trees. The sense is 'drooping' or bending, and it is derived from A. Sax. wic-en, pp. of wican, to bend.' Skeat. See WICKER J A British plant of the genus Ulmus, the U. montana. It is a large spreading tree with large broadly elliptical leaves, and grows in woods in England and Scotland. Some varieties have pendulous branches, and belong to the class of 'weeping' trees. See ELM. Wych-hazel (wich'ha-zl), n. [See WYCHELM.] The common name of plants of the genus Hamamelis, the type of the nat. order Hamamelidacea. They are small trees, with alternate leaves on short petioles, and yellow flowers, disposed in clusters in the axils of the leaves, and surrounded by a three-leaved involucrum. They are natives of North America, Persia, or China. See HAMAMELIDACE. Wych-waller (wich'wal-ér), n. boiler at a wych. [Cheshire.] A salt Wye (wi), n. The supports of a telescope, theodolite, or levelling instrument, so called from their resembling the letter Y. ten also Y. Writ Wylie-coat (wy'li-kōt), n. A boy's flannel under-dress, next the shirt; a flannel petticoat. [Scotch.] Wynd (wynd), n. An alley; a lane. [Scotch.] Wynn (win), n. A kind of timber truck or carriage. Simmonds. Wyvern (wi'vern), n. [0. Fr. wivre, vivre, a viper, a dragon or wyvern, from L. vipera, a viper. See VIPER, WEEVER. The n is an addition to the word, as in bittern.] In her, an imaginary animal, a kind of dragon with wings, but with only two legs, the termination of its body being somewhat serpentine in form. Wyvern. X. X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, was borrowed by the Romans in comparatively late times from the Greeks, and passed from the Roman into the AngloSaxon alphabet. The Greek X, however, was a guttural, probably like the Scotch or German ch, and why in Latin it should have assumed the functions of the Greek character (x) is not very clear. Except when used at the beginning of a word, a in English is a double consonant (as it was in Latin and Greek), and has usually the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, axis, &c.; but when terminating a syllable, especially an initial syllable, if the syllable following it is open or accented, it often takes the sound of gz, as in luxury, exhaust, exalt, exotic, &c. At the beginning of a word it has precisely the sound of z. Hence it is entirely a superfluous letter, representing no sound that could not easily be otherwise represented. As an initial it occurs in a few words borrowed from the Greek, never standing in this position in words that are properly English in origin. As a numeral X stands for ten. It represents one V, which stands for five, placed above another, the lower one being inverted. When laid horizontally, thus, it stands for a thousand, and with a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand. XANGI -As an abbreviation X. stands for Christ, as in Xn. Christian, Xmas. Christmas.-X on beer-casks is said to have originally indicated beer which had to pay ten shillings duty. Xangi, Xangti (zan'gi, zang-ti'), n. In Chinese myth. the supreme ruler of heaven and earth: God. Xanthate (zan'that), n. A salt of xanthic acid. Xanthein, Xantheine (zan-the'in), n. That portion of the yellow colouring matter in flowers which is soluble in water, as distinguished from xanthin, which is the insoluble part. Xanthian (zan'thi-an), a. Of or belonging to Xanthus, an ancient town of Asia Minor; as, the Xanthian sculptures in the British Museum. Xanthic (zan'thik), a. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] Tending towards a yellow colour.-Xanthic acid (CHOS,), a name given to ethyldisulphocarbonic acid, from the yellow colour of its salts. It is a heavy oily liquid.-Xanthic flowers, flowers which have yellow for their type, and which are capable of passing into red or white, but never into blue. Those flowers of which blue is the type, and which are capable of passing into red or white, but never into yellow, have been termed cyanic flowers.-Xanthic oxide (C, H4N4O2), uric oxide, a very rare ingredient of urinary calculi, and said to occur in small quantities in the spleen and liver, in the muscular flesh of the horse and ox, and in some kinds of guano. Called also Xanthin. Xanthin, Xanthine (zan'thin), n. A name applied to more than one substance from its colour; as, (a) that portion of the yellow colouring matter of flowers which is insoluble in water. (b) The yellow colouring matter contained in madder. (c) A gaseous product of the decomposition of xanthates. (d) The name is now generally confined to xanthic oxide, the ingredient of urinary calculi; it is a white crystalline substance. Xanthite (zan'thit), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] A mineral of a yellowish colour, a variety of vesuvian, composed of silica, lime, alumina, with small portions of the peroxides of iron and manganese, and also magnesia and water. It is found in a bed of limestone near Amity in New York. Xanthium (zan'thi-um), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, from yielding a yellow dye.] Burweed, a genus of plants, nat. order Compositæ. X. Strumarium is a rank and weedlike plant occasionally met with in Britain, to which it has been introduced from the Continent. It is remarkable for the curious structure of its flowers and the prickly involucres which surround the fertile ones, enlarging and becoming part of the fruit. Another species, X. spinosum, has in recent times spread over a great part of western Europe, coming from the south of Russia. Xantho (zan'tho), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] A genus of brachyurous crustaceans, including numerous species, and found in most seas. Xanthocarpous (zan-tho-kär'pus), a. (Gr. xanthos, yellow, and karpos, fruit.] In bot. having yellow fruit. Xanthochroi (zan-thok'ro-i), n. pl. [Gr. xanthochroos, yellow-skinned, from xanthos, yellow, and chroa, colour.] In ethn. one of the five groups into which Huxley classifies man, comprising the fair whites. The Xanthochroi, or fair whites, ... are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa, and eastward as far as Hindostan. E. B. Tylor. Xanthochroic (zan-tho-kro'ik), a. Of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi. See under MAN. (Gr. Xanthochymus (zan-tho-ki'mus), n. xanthos, yellow, and chymos, juice. ] A genus of trees, nat. order Guttiferæ. X. pictorius, is a native of the East Indies, with white flowers, yellow fruit, and thick opposite leaves. The trunk yields a resinous juice of a yellow colour. Xanthocon, Xanthocone (zan'tho-kōn), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and konis, dust.] An arsenio-sulphide of silver, of a dull-red or clove-brown colour, occurring in hexagonal tabular crystals, but commonly in crystalline reniform masses. When reduced to powder it becomes yellow, whence the name. Xanthophyll (zan'tho-fil), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, phyllon, a leaf.] In bot. a peculiar waxy matter to which some attribute the yellow colour of withering leaves. Nothing is known respecting its composition, or of 670 Same the manner in which it is formed from chlorophyll. Called also Xanthophylline. Xanthophylline (zan-thof'il-in), n. as Xanthophyll. Xanthopicrin, Xanthopicrite (zan'thopik-rin, zan'tho-pik-rit), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and pikros, bitter.] In chem. names given by Chevallier and Pelletan to a yellow colouring matter from the bark of Xanthoxylum caribaum, afterwards shown to be identical with berberine. Xanthopous (zan'tho-pus), a. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and pous, a foot.] In bot. having a yellow stem. Xanthoproteic (zan'tho-pro-tě"ik), a. Applied to an acid formed when protein or any of its modifications is digested in nitric acid. A It is of a yellow colour, and seems to combine both with acids and bases. Xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'te-in), n. yellow acid substance formed by the action of nitric acid upon fibrine. Xanthorhamnine (zan-tho-ram'nin), n. [ Gr. xanthos, yellow, and rhamnos, buckthorn.] A yellow colouring matter contained in the ripe Persian or Turkish berries and in Avignon grains. It imparts a yellow colour to fabrics mordanted with alumina and a black colour to those mordanted with iron salts. See RHAMNUS. Xanthorrhæa (zan-tho-re'a), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and rheo, to flow, from its yellow resinous exudation.] A genus of plants, nat. order Liliacea. The species are called grass-trees, and are found in Australia. They have thick trunks like those of palms, long wiry grass-like leaves, and long dense flower-spikes. See GRASS-TREE. Xanthorrhiza (zan-tho-ri'za), n. (Gr. xanthos, yellow, and rhiza, a root, the roots being of a deep yellow colour.] A genus of North American plants, nat. order Ranunculaceæ. See YELLOW-ROOT. Xanthosis (zan-thō'sis), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] In med. a term applied to the yellow discoloration often observed in cancerous tumours. Xanthospermous (zan-tho-sper'mus), a. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and sperma, a seed.] In bot. having yellow seeds. Xanthous (zan'thus), a. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] A term applied by Dr. Prichard to that variety of mankind which includes all those individuals or races which have brown, auburn, yellow, flaxen, or red hair. Xanthoxylaceae (zan-thok'si-la"se-e), n. pl. A group of polypetalous exogenous plants, now usually combined with Rutaceæ, found chiefly in America, especially in the tropical parts The species are trees or shrubs, with exstipulate, alternate or opposite leaves, furnished with pellucid dots. The flowers are either axillary or terminal, and of a gray green or pink colour. All the plants of the group to a greater or less extent possess aromatic and pungent properties, especially the species belonging to the genera Xanthoxylum, Brucea, Ptelea, Toddalia, and Ailanthus. Xanthoxylum (zan-thok'si-lum), n. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and xylon, wood; the roots are yellow.] A genus of plants, the type of the group Xanthoxylace. The species are trees or shrubs, with the petioles, leaves, and branches usually furnished with prickles. On account of their aromatic and pungent properties they are known in the countries where they grow under the name of peppers. X. fraxineum is called toothache-tree, as its bark and capsular fruit are much used as a remedy for toothache. Xebec (ze'bek), n. [Sp. xabeque, Fr. chebec, Xebec of Barbary. It. sciabecco, zambecco, from Turk. sumbeki, xebec; Ar. sumbuk, a small vessel] A small XIPHISTERNUM three-masted vessel, formerly much used by the Algerine corsairs, and now used to a small extent in Mediterranean commerce. It differs from the felucca chiefly in having several square sails, as well as lateen sails, while the latter has only lateen sails. Xenelasia (zen-e-la'si-a), n. [Gr., the expulsion of strangers.] A Spartan institution which prohibited strangers from residing in Sparta without permission, and empowered magistrates to expel strangers if they saw fit to do so. Xenium (ze'ni-um), n. pl. Xenia (ze'ni-a). [L., from Gr. xenion, a gift to a guest, from xenos, a guest.] 1. Anciently, a present given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign ambassador.-2. A name given to pictures of still-life, fruit, &c., such as are found in houses at Pompeii. Fairholt. Xenodocheum, Xenodochium (zen'o-doke" um, zen'o-do-ki"um), n. [Gr. xenodocheion-xenos, a stranger, and dechomai, to receive.] A name given by the ancients to a building for the reception of strangers. The term is also applied to a guest-house in a monastery. Xenodochy (zen-od'o-ki), n. [Gr. xenodochia. See above.] Reception of strangers; hospitality. Also, same as Xenodocheum. Xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'e-sis), n. [Gr. xenos, strange, and genesis, birth.] 1. Same as Heterogenesis, (b).-2. The production or formation of an organism of one kind by an organism of another, as was formerly believed of parasitic worms by their hosts. Huxley. Xenogenetic (zen'o-je-net'ik), a. Of or pertaining to xenogenesis. I have dwelt upon the analogy of pathological modification which is in favour of the xenogenetic origin of microzymes. Huxley. Xenops (ze'nops), n. [Gr. xenos, strange, and ops, the countenance.] A genus of insessorial birds of South America, allied to the nuthatches. Xenotime (zen'o-tim), n. A native phosphate of yttrium, having a yellowish brown colour. Xerasia (ze-ra'si-a), n. [From Gr. xēros, dry.] In pathol. a disease of the hair, which becomes dry and ceases to grow. Xeres (zer'es), n. [Sp.] Sherry: so called from the district of Spain where it is produced. Simmonds. Xerif (ze-rif'), n. A shereef. The xerif of Mecca.' Landor. Xeriff (ze-rif'), n. 1. A gold coin formerly current in Egypt and Turkey of the value of 98. 4d.-2. A name for the ducat in MorOCCO. Xerocollyrium (ze'rō-kol-lir'i-um), n. [Gr. xeros, dry, and kollyrion.] A dry collyrium or eye-salve. Xeroderma (ze-ro-dér'ma), n. [Gr. xeros, dry, and derma, skin.] In pathol. general dryness of the surface of the skin, occasioned by abnormal diminution of the secretion of the sebiparous organs. In its severest form it constitutes ichthyosis, or fish-skin disease. Hoblyn. Xerodes (ze-rō'dēz), n. [Gr. xérodes, dryish, from zeros, dry.] Any tumour attended with dryness. Xeromyrum (zē-ro-mi'rum), n. [Gr. xēros, dry, and muron, ointment.] A dry ointment. Xerophagy (ze-rof'a-ji), n. [Gr. zeros, dry, and phago, to eat.] A term applied by early ecclesiastical writers to the Christian rule of fasting; the act or habit of living on dry food or a meagre diet. Xerophthalmy, Xerophthalmia (ze'rofthal-mi, ze-rof-thal'mi-a), n. [Gr. zéros, dry, and ophthalmia, a disease of the eyes, from ophthalmos, the eye.] A dry, red soreness or itching of the eyes, without swelling or a discharge of humours. Xerotes (zero-tez), n. [Gr. xerotēs, dryness. ] In med. a dry habit or disposition of the body. Xiphias (zif'i-as), n. [Gr., from riphos, a sword 1 1. The genus of fishes to which the X. gladius, or common sword-fish, belongs. See SWORD-FISH.-2. In astron. a constellation in the southern hemisphere. Called also Sword-fish and Dorado or Xiphias Dorado. Xiphidium (zi-fid'i-um), n. [From Gr. xiphos, a sword, and eidos, resemblance.] A genus of plants with sword-shaped leaves, nat. order Liliaceæ. X. album is a native of the West Indies. Xiphisternum (zif-i-ster'num), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and sternon, a breast-bone.] In compar. anat. the inferior or posterior XIPHODON segment of the sternum, corresponding to the xiphoid cartilage of human anatomy. Xiphodon (zif'o-don), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and odous, odontos, a tooth ] A genus of fossil mammals, closely allied to Anoplotherium, of which two species have been ascertained. Xiphoid (zif'oid), a. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and eidos, likeness.] Shaped like or resembling a sword; ensiform.-Xiphoid or ensiform cartilage, in anat. a small cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast-bone. Xiphoidian (zi-foid ́i-an), a. Of or pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage. Xiphophyllous (zif-of'i-lus), a. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and phyllon, a leaf.] In bot. having ensiform leaves. Xiphosura (zif-o-sú'ra), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and oura, a tail] An order of crustaceans, so called from the long sword-like appendage with which the body terminates. They are represented solely by the Limuli or king-crabs. See KING-CRAB. Xiphoteuthis (zif-o-tu'this), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and teuthis, a squid.] A genus of Belemnites, characterized by a very long, narrow,deep-chambered phragmacone. Only a single species is known from the lias. See BELEMNITIDE. Xylanthrax (zi-lan'thraks), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and anthrax, coal.] Woodcoal; boveycoal. Xylene (zilēn), n. In chem, see XYLOL. Xylidine (zi'li-din), n. Same as Xyloidine. Xylite (zi'lit), n. [Gr. xylon, wood.] The name given to ligniform asbestos, mountain wood, or rock-wood. Xylobalsamum (zi-lō-bal'sa-mum),n. 1. The wood of the balsam-tree.-2. A balsam obtained by decoction of the twigs and leaves of the Amyris gileadensis in water. Xylobius (zi-lõ'bi-us), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and bios, life.] A genus of fossil insects, supposed to be myriapods of the order Chilognatha, discovered in trunks of Sigillaria, one of the most characteristic trees of the carboniferous age. Xylocarp (zi'lo-karp),n. [Gr.xylon, wood, and karpos, fruit] In bot a hard and woody fruit. Xylocarpous (zi-lo-harpus), a (Gr. xylon, wood, and karpos, fruit.] Having fruit which becomes hard or woody. Xylocopa (zi-lok'o-pa), n. (Gr. xylos, wood, and kope, a cutting, incision.] The carpenter-bee, a genus of hymenopterous insects with sharp-pointed mandibles which bore holes in wood. It is an extensive genus. See CARPENTER-BEE. Xylograph (zi'ló-graf), n. [See XYLOGRAPHY. An engraving on wood, or an impression from such an engraving. 671 Xylographer (zi-logʻra-fér), n. One who engraves on wood. Xylographic, Xylographical (zi-lo-graf'ik, zi-lo-graf'ik-al), a. Relating to xylography. Xylography (zi-logʻra-fi), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and graphỏ, to engrave ] 1. Wood engraving; the act or art of cutting figures or designs in wood-2. A name given to a process of decorative painting on wood. A selected pattern or design is drawn on wood which is then engraved, or the design is reproduced in zinc by the ordinary method. An electrotype cast is taken from the woodcut or zinc plate, and smooth surfaces of wood are printed from the electrotype, under a regulated pressure, with pigments prepared for the purpose. The colour penetrates the wood, leaving no outside film, and after being French polished or covered with a fluid enamel the wood may be washed, scrubbed, or even sand-papered without destroying the pattern. Ure. Xyloid (zi'loid), a. (Gr. xylon, wood, and eidos, form.] Having the nature of wood; resembling wood. Xyloidine (zi-loi'din), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and eidos, resemblance.] (CH,NO.) An explosive compound produced by the action of strong nitric acid upon starch or woody fibre. Called also Xylidine. Xylol, Xylole (zi'lōl), n. (CH10) A hydrocarbon,analogous to benzol and toluol, found among the oils separated from crude woodspirit by the addition of water. Called also Xylene. Xylophaga (zi-lofʻa-ga), n. pl. [Gr. xylon, wood, and phago, I eat.] A group of coleopterous insects noted for their habit of exca vating wood. They resemble the weevils, but are distinguished from them by the absence of a proboscis. Xylophagan (zi-lof'a-gan), n. An insect of the group Xylophaga, Xylophagidae (zi-lō-faj'i-dē), n. pl. A family of Diptera or flies, the members of which have the antennæ ten-jointed, and are furnished with a long ovipositor. The larva is cylindrical, and has a scaly plate on the tail, the head ending in an acute point. They are very destructive to wood. Xylophagous (zi-lof'a-gus), a. (Gr. xylon, wood, and phago, to eat.] Eating or feeding on wood. Xylophagus (zi-lof'a-gus), n. The typical genus of the family Xylophagidæ. Xylophilan (zi-lof'i-lan), n. An insect belonging to the Xylophili Xylophili (zi-lof′i-li), n. pl. [Gr. xylon, wood, and phileo, to love.] A tribe of gigantic coleopterous insects, which live on decayed YACHT-CLUB wood. They chiefly inhabit tropical countries. Xylophilous (zi-lof'i-lus), a. Growing upon or living in wood. Xylophylla (zi-lof′il-a), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and phyllon, a leaf.] A genus of Euphorbiaceæ, or, as some regard it, a section of Phyllanthus, consisting of shrubs without leaves, but whose branches are flattened out and leaf-like, bearing the flowers in tufts in the notches of the margin. They are natives of the West Indies, and are named from the singular appearance of their leaf-like branches. Xylopia (zi-lõ'pi-a), n. [Said to be contracted for Xylopieria, from Gr. xylon, wood, and pikros, bitter.] A genus of plants, nat. order Anonaceæ. The species are trees or shrubs, natives chiefly of South America. X. aromatica is known by the name of African pepper. The fruit of X. grandiflora is a valuable remedy for fevers in Brazil. wood of all is bitter; hence they are called bitter-woods. The Xylopyrography (zi'lō-pi-rogʼra-fi), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, pyr, pyros, fire, and graphō, to write.] The art or process of producing a picture on wood by charring it with a hot iron. Called also Poker-painting. Xyloretine (zi'lō-re-tin), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and rhetině, resin.] A sub-fossil resinous substance, found in connection with the pine-trunks of certain peat-mosses. Xylotile (zi'lö-til), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and tilos, flock or down.] 1. An opaque, glimmering, light or dark brown or green mineral, of a delicately fibrous texture, consisting chiefly of silica, sesquioxide of iron, magnesia, and water.-2. Same as Parkesine. Xyridaceæ (zi-ri-dā'sē-ē), n. pl. [Gr. xyris, an iridaceous plant, from xyron, a razor: from shape of its leaves.] A nat order of monocotyledonous rush-like or sedge-like herbs, the species of which are found over the tropics in both hemispheres. The order comprises two genera, Xyris and Abolboda, to which some botanists add Philydrum. Xyst, Xystos (zist, zis'tos), n. [L. xystus, Gr. xystos, from ry, to scrape, from its smooth and polished floor.] In anc. arch. a sort of covered portico or open court, of great length in proportion to its width, in which the athlete performed their exercises. Written also Xystus. Xystarch (zis'tärk), n. [Gr. xystos, xyst, and archō, to rule.] An Athenian officer who presided over the gymnastic exercises of the xystos. Xyster (zis'tér), n. [Gr. xystër, from xyō, to scrape.] A surgeon's instrument for scraping bones. Y. modern English it is both a consonant and a vowel, and seldom or never is the historical representative of A. Sax. y, this being usually represented by i. At the beginning of syllables and followed by a vowel it is a consonant of the palatal class, being formed by bringing the middle of the tongue in contact with the palate, and nearly in the position to which the g hard brings it. Hence it has happened that in a great number of words g has been softened into y, as A. Sax. gear into year, geornian into yearn, dæg into day. As an adjective termination it commonly represents A Sax. -ig, as in stony -A. Sax. stanig, greedy A. Sax grædig, hungry A. Sax. hungrig, many A. Sax. mænig. In some nouns it also represents the term. -ig, as in honey A. Sax. hunig, withy A Sax, withig In the term. -ly it stands for ic or ice, as in godly - A Sax. godlie, friendly A. Sax. freindlic, fully = A. Sax. fullice, hardly = A. Sax. heardlice, &c. In words of Romance origin the term. often represents Fre, L. -ia, as in history, modesty, memory, victory; it also represents = L. -ium, the noun termination, as in study, remedy, subsidy, &c., or the adjective term. -ius, as in notary, contrary, secondary, &c. In nouns ending in -ty the ty represents Fr. -té, L. -tas, -tatis, as in vanity, calamity, &c. In the middle and at the end of words y is a vowel, and is precisely the same as i It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in defy, rely, dying; and as i short when unaccented, as in vanity, glory, synonymous. As a consonant this letter bears much the same relation to i (short) as w does to u; thus i short has in certain positions-as in the ia of Christian---a tendency to pass into y. Y is sometimes called the Pythagorean letter, from its Greek original representing, by means of its three limbs, the sacred triad, formed by the duad proceeding from the monad. In chem. Y is the symbol of yttrium.-Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and with a dash over it, Y, for 150.000. Y-. A common prefix in Old English words, as in y-clept, y-clad, &c., representing A. Sax. ge, which assumed this form by the common weakening of g to y. The meaning of words with this prefix is usually the same See GE. Chaucer. as if it were absent. Ya, adv. Yea; yes. Yacare (yak'a-rā), n The native name of a Brazilian alligator (Jacare sclerops), having a ridge from eye to eye, fleshy eyelids, and small webs to the feet; the spectacled cayman. Written also Jacare. Yacca-wood (yak-a-wöd), n. The orna mental wood of Podocarpus coriacea, a small tree of Jamaica. It is of a pale-brown colour with streaks of hazel-brown, and is much used in the West Indies for cabinet work. Yacht (yot), n. [O.D. jacht, Mod. D. jagt, a yacht, a chase, hunting, from jagen, to chase, to hunt, to hurry; G. jagen, to hunt; Dan jage, to hunt, to drive, to hurry.] A light and elegantly fitted up vessel, used either for pleasure trips or racing, or as a vessel of state to convey kings, princes, &c., from one place to another by sea. There are two distinct species of yacht: the mere racer with enormous spars and sails and deeply-ballasted hull, with fine lines, but sacrificing everything to speed; and the elegant, commodious, well-proportioned travelling yacht, often with steam-propelling machinery, fit for a voyage round the world. The yacht navy of Britain comprehends vessels from 3 to about 600 tons. I sail'd this morning with his majesty in one of his yachts (or pleasure-boats), vessels not known among us till the Dutch E. India Company presented that curious piece to the king. Evelyn. Yacht (yot), vi. To sail or cruise in a yacht; as, he spent the summer yachting in the Mediterranean. Yacht-club (yot'klub), n. A club or union of yacht-owners for racing purposes, &c., acting under a commodore. YACHTER Yachter (yot'èr), n. One who commands a yacht; one who sails in a yacht. Yachting (yot'ing), a. Relating to a yacht or yachts; as, a yachting voyage. Yachtsman (yots'man), n. One who keeps or sails a yacht. Yaft Gave. Chaucer. Yaff (yaf), v.i. [Imitative.] To bark like a dog in a passion; to yelp; hence, to talk pertly. [Scotch.] Yaffle, Yaffingale (yaf'l, yaf'in-gal), n. Local names given to the green woodpecker (Picus viridis) from its cry. Vows!-I am woodman of the woods, Tennyson. Yager (ya'ger), n. [G. jäger, lit. a huntsman, from jagen, to hunt.] A member of certain regiments of light infantry in the armies of various German states. Such regiments were originally composed of jäger or huntsmen, whence the name. The French chasseur belongs to the same class of soldier. Yagger (yager), n. [D. jager, a huntsman, a driver. See YAGER.] A ranger about the country; a travelling pedlar. Sir W. Scott. [Shetland Islands. ] Yahoo (ya'hö), n. A name given by Swift, in Gulliver's Travels, to a race of brutes, having the form of man and all his degrading passions. They are placed in contrast with the Houyhnhnms, or horses endowed with reason, the whole being designed as a satire on the human race. Hence, a rough, boorish, uncultivated character. A yahoo of a stable-boy.' Graves. What sort of fellow is he; a yahoo, I sup pose?' Not at all, he is a capital fellow, a perfect gentleman.' H. Kingsley. Yak (yak), n. [Thibetian.] A ruminant mammal of the bovine tribe, the Bos poephagus, or Poephagus grunniens, a small species of ox, with cylindric horns, curving outward, long pendent silky hair fringing its sides, a bushy mane of fine hair, and villous, horselike tail; inhabiting Thibet and the higher plateaus of the Himalayas: called by Pennant and others the grunting ox, from its very peculiar voice, which sounds much like the grunt of a pig: known also as Sarlac, Sarlik. There are several varieties of the yak due to climatic influences, character of habitat, food, and, in the case of domesticated animals, to the kind of work to which they are put, as the noble yak, the ghainorik, the plough-yak. The last is a plebeianlooking animal, and wants the magnificent side tufts of hair characteristic of its free brethren. It is employed in agriculture. The yak is often crossed with other domestic cattle, and a mixed breed obtained. The tail of the yak is in great request for various ornamental purposes, and forms quite an important article of commerce. Dyed red it decorates the caps of the Chinese, and when properly mounted it is used as a flyflapper in India under the name of a chowry. Yak (Bos porphagus). Tails are also carried before certain officers of state, their number indicating his rank. Yaksha (yak'sha), n. In Hind. myth. a kind of demigods who attend Kuvera, the god of riches, and guard his treasures. Yald (yäld), a. Same as Yeld. Yald, Yauld (yald), a. [Icel. gildr, stout, brawny, strong, of full size; Sw. and Dan. gild] Supple; active; athletic. [Scotch.] Yam (yam), n. [The Portuguese first saw the plant cultivated in Africa, then in India and Malacca, and brought the name as well as the plant to the West, but from what language it comes is unknown. The yam was imported into America.] A large esculent tuber or root produced by various 672 plants of the genus Dioscorea, growing in tropical climates. The common West Indian yam is produced by D. alata, the East In Yam (Dioscorea globosa). dian yams are produced by D. globosa, rubella, and purpurea. The D. atro-purpurea grows in Malacca, and produces tubers which, like those of D. purpurea, are of a purple colour. Yams, when roasted or boiled, form a wholesome, palatable, and nutritious food. They are sometimes of the weight of 30 lbs. See WATER-YAM. In Hind. myth. the god Yama (yä'ma), n. Yama. of departed spirits and the appointed judge and punisher of the dead; the embodiment of power without pity, and stern, unbending fate. He is generally represented as crowned and seated on a buffalo, which he guides by the horns. He is four-armed and of austere countenance. In one hand he holds a mace, in another a noose which is used to draw out of the bodies of men the souls which are doomed to appear before his judgment-seat. His garments are of the colour of fire, his skin is of a bluish green. Yamer, Yammer (ya'mér, yam'mêr), v.i. [O.E. yomer, A. Sax. geomerian, to lament, to groan, from geomor, sad, mournful, wretched; comp. G. jammeren, to lament, to wail.] To shriek; to yell; to cry aloud; to whimper loudly; to whine. [Scotch.] 'The child is doing as well as possible,' said Miss Grizzy; to be sure it does yammer constantly, that can't be denied.' Miss Ferrier. Yank (yangk), v.i. [Probably a nasalized form akin to G. and D. jagen, Dan. jage, to hunt. to chase, to hurry; Icel. jaga, to move to and fro. See YACHT.] [Scotch.] 1. To work cleverly and actively: often with on; as, she yanked on at the work.-2. To speak in a yelping or affected tone; to scold; to nag; as, she yanked at her servant from morning to night. Yank (yangk), v.t. To give a throwing or jerking motion to: to twitch strongly; to jerk. [Colloq. United States.] YARD Yank (yangk), n. 1. A quick, sharp stroke; a buffet; as, he gave him a yank on the head. [Scotch. 1-2. A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. United States.]-3. pl. A kind of leggings. [Provincial.] Yank (yangk), n. [Contr. of Yankee.] A Yankee. [Vulgar.] Yankee (yang'ke), n. [A word of uncertain origin. The most common explanation seems also the most plausible, namely, that it is a corrupt pronunciation of English or of Fr. Anglais formerly current among the American Indians. In Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanismns a statement is quoted to the effect that Yengees or Yenkees was a name originally given by the Massachusetts Indians to the English colonists, and that it was afterwards adopted by the Dutch on the Hudson, who applied the term in contempt to all the people of New England. Bartlett also quotes a statement of Heckwelder (an authority on Indian matters), who affirmed that the Indians applied the term Yengees specially to the New Englanders as contradistinguished from the Virginians or Long Knives, and the English proper or Saggenash. As early as 1713 it is said to have been a common cant word at Cambridge, Mass., in the sense of good or excellent, being probably borrowed by the students from the Indians, to whom a Yankee' article would be synonymous with an excellent one, from the superiority of the white man in mechanical arts.] A cant name for a citizen of New England. During the American Revolution the name was applied to all the insurgents; and during the civil war it was the common designation of the Federal soldiers by the Confederates. In Britain the term is sometimes applied generally to all natives of the United States. Yankee-Doodle (yang-ke-do'dl), n. 1. A famous air, now regarded as American and national. In reality the air is an old English one, called Nankey Doodle, and had some derisive reference to Cromwell. It is said that the brigade under Lord Percy, after the battle of Lexington, marched out of Boston playing this tune in derisive and punning allusion to the name Yankee, and the New Englanders adopted the air in consideration of the fact that they had made the British dance to it. The really national tune of the whole United States, however, is 'Hail, Columbia!-2. A Yankee. Hot Yankee-doodles.' Moore. [Ludicrous.] Yankeeism (yang'ke-izm), n. An idiom or practice of the Yankees. Yanker Yankie, n. [See YANK, v. i.] [Scotch ] 1. A sharp, forward, clever woman.-2. One who speaks or scolds incessantly. Yanolite (yan'o-lit), n. See AXINITE. Yaourt (yourt), n. A fermented liquor or milk-beer, similar to koumis, made by the Turks. Simmonds. Yap (yap), v.i. [Imitative, like yaff; comp. Fr. japper, Pr. japar, to yelp.] To yelp; to bark. Sir R. L'Estrange. Yap (yap), n. The cry of a dog; a bark; a yelp. Yapock (yap'ok), n. A handsome opossum inhabiting the rivers of Brazil and Guiana It is aquatic in its habits, bearing a considerable resemblance to a small otter, and differs from other opossums in its dentition, in having no opposable thumb, and, therefore, in being incapable of climbing trees, and in the toes of the hind feet being webbed. It is an excellent swimmer, and lives on the fishes which it chases and catches in the rivers. Called also Water-opossum. Yapon (ya'pon or ya'pon), n. Nex Cassine, a shrub growing in the southern states of America, the leaves of which are used as tea and as medicine. The same name is also given to other species of Ilex. Written also Yaupon. Yar, Yare (yar, yar), a. Sour; brackish. [Provincial English.] Yarage + (yar'aj), n. [From yare.] Naut the power of moving or being managed at sea: said of a ship. To the end that he might, with his light ships, well manned with water-men, turn and environe the galleys of the enemies, the which were heavy of yarage, both for their bignesse, as also for lacke of water-men to row them. North Yarb (yärb), n. An herb. 'Some skill in yarbs as she called her simples.' Kingsley. [Provincial English.] Yard (yard), n. [O. E. yerde, gerde, A. Sax. gyrd, gird, rarely geard, a rod, a staff, a yard measure; D. garde, a rod, a twig; G gerte, a switch, a twig; Goth. gazds, a goad, |