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cause God has not dealt so with る

any other nation.† Ps. 147. 20.

more mighty, more intelligent,more industrious, more enterprising,more wealthy, more virtuous and more happy, than the sun has yet beheld, or perhaps will ever behold, till time shall be no longer. We should

sons upon the science of civil gov ernment and social happiness, upon the arts, upon education, upon every thing, that exalts and adorns humanity. We should study the history of our country, because it is the land of revivals, a garden that the

†This we should study, not merely nor principally, because it is the history of our country, but because it is in itself superlatively impor-study the history of our country, betant, and ought to be read by every cause it has already given a most eye, and live in every heart; because glorious impulse to freedom in disit is the history of the first civil gov-tant lands, and because it is destinernment, that ever any people de-ed to give to the nations, new lesliberately formed and adopted for themselves; the noblest political institution, that the world has ever seen; the first government, that was ever established upon the genuine basis of freedom. We should study our history, because it is the history of Christian enterprise-of Christ-Lord delights to bless, and because ian enterprise, the most magnanimous and beneficent, that was ever devised and accomplished by human virtue; because it is the history of the wonderful works of God, in pre-kind; to hasten the glories of the paring for himself, a peculiar peo-3 millenial day; and that this counple, zealous of good works-in try- try shall be unto the Lord for a ing, proving and refining them in name and an everlasting sign, that the furnace of affliction in bring- shall not be cut off. ing them forth from the land of opFor these and other reasons, the pression-in preserving them from history of this most distinguished deaths oft-in sustaining, comfort-land, deserves attention from all the ing, guiding, planting, multiplying, inhabitants of the world and no extending, strengthening and pros-doubt it excites the admiring grati

we have reason to believe, it is des tined to do more than any other, to send the gospel through the world; to enlighten, convert and save man

tude of all the inhabitants of heaven; and perhaps diffuses joy through millions of worlds.

pering them, when they were a poor, despised, persecuted people,regarded as the filth of the earth and the offscouring of all things. We should It must be confessed, however, study the history of our country, be-that the highest claims of our histocause it is the history of faith, of patience, of meekness, of godliness, of brotherly kindness, of charity, of self denial, of fortitude, of perseverance, of every Christian grace, and of more than heroic virtue. We should study the history of our country, because it is the history of an empire, manifestly destined to be

ore extensive, more populous,

ry are upon ourselves. God forbid, that we should regard our fathers with the coldness of strangers-that we should think it a matter of indifference to have been descended from saints and heroes, of whom the "Queen of the Isles" was not worthy-that we are reaping the luxuriant harvest in a land, which they found a wilderness,and left a fruitful

What people first deliberately formed and adopted a constitution of government for themselves?

most useful sentiments of religion, liberty and patriotism.

How long should we continue to

we live.

In what, were our forefathers tri-study our own history? As long as ed and proved and refined ? From whom, does our history deserve attention?

In whom, does it probably excite admiring gratitude?

Upon whom, has our history the highest claims?

What did our forefathers find this country?

What did they leave it?

When should the children of our country begin to learn our history? As soon as they can be interested with its most affecting stories.

When should they begin to pursue it as a regular study? When they are about 7 or 8 or 10 years old, according to their capacities and attainments.

What is chronology? Chronology is the science, that relates to dates, or the times when events took place.

In what connection, should chronology be studied? In connection with history.

Why? In order, that we may have a clear idea of the connection of events, and especially of the causes and consequences of such, as are most important.

Why do persons generally so soon forget the history, that they learn? From neglect of geography and chronology.

Why should young children study our history? To turn off their attention from vain and foolish things, and to impress upon their minds the

Why do some think, they have already studied it enough? Probably because they never studied it, as they ought.

CHAPTER III. p. 8.

First 14 years of Columbus. Into how many periods, does Mr. Goodrich divide the history of the U. S. ?

Which is the longest of these? By what, is the first period distinguished?

In what year, did it commence ?
How long ago?

Length of the first period? To what nations, did the discoverers of the principal parts of America chiefly belong?

Of what nation, were the leaders of these discoveries? The Italian. Who took the lead in making discoveries on this continent?

To whose naval enterprises, had the attention of Europe been recently drawn?

Object of the Portuguese in these enterprises?

What is meant by doubling the southern extremity of Africa? Who was most excited by these enterprises?

Where was Columbus born?
In what year ? 1447.
How long ago ?

In what country, is Genoa?

field. God forbid, that we should their toils and pains and sighs and forget, or coldly remember, our rev- tears and prayers and wounds and olutionary heroes, who bought our death, is crying to us, to learn their independence at the price of every history, to embalm their memories thing they held dear on earth, and in our hearts, to emulate their virsealed our liberties with their blood.tues, and as far as possible, to do It is with peculiar and most im- for posterity, what our ancestor pressive emphasis, that the voice of did for us.

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What was the Italian name of Columbus? Christoval Colon.

What studies did he pursue in childhood? Geometry, geography, astronomy and drawing.

Of what country, is Lisbon the capital?

On what river? Which side Which way from Madrid ? About how far? 300 miles. How does that appear from the map? According to the map, the distance is equal to about four and a half degrees of latitude.

How many English miles is a de

Why did he make great progress in these branches? Because he pursued them with most vigorous ap-gree of latitude? Very nearly 70; plication.

Why did he pursue these studies with so much ardor? They were intimately connected with his great object.

What was his great object? To become a skilful navigator.

more exactly 69 and one fifth. Whose daughter did Columbus marry at Lisbon? Capt. Perestrel lo's.

Upon what subject, did Columbus gain important instruction from Perestrello? Navigation.

In what direction, did Columbus expect to find a passage to India? To whom, did he first apply for

What lesson does this teach respecting education? That the attention of the young should be principally directed to important prac-patronage? tical subjects.

What lesson of self-denial does this teach us? That we should deny ourselves the pleasures of useless studies and pursuits.

CHAPTER IV.-p. S.

Columbus, from his first going to sea, to the commencement of his first voyage to America.

How did they treat his project? Whom did Columbus consider as having the second claim to his services? John II. king of Portugal.

How did John treat the application of Columbus? With the utmost attention.

Who induced John to treat Columbus in a most base and perfidious manner? The advisers of John, to whom he had referred the sub

At what age, did Columbus com-ject. mence the business of a seaman? 14.

Under what captain, did he serve for several years? Capt. Colon.

With whom, did Capt. Colon often fight? With the Venetians and Mahometans.

What was this treatment ? A vessel was secretly despatched to make the proposed discovery.

Why did this vile expedition fail? The conductor had by no means the genins, skill or perseverance of Co

For what, was Columbus distin-lumbus. guished under Capt. Colon? Bravery and seamanship.

How did Columbus escape to land, when his vessel caught fire near Portugal? By swimming.

How far did he swim? Above two leagues.

How many miles?

Where did he soon fix his resie Jence? At Lisbon.

m

What did Columbus do, when he discovered this treachery? He instantly quitted the kingdom.

To what country, did Columbus next repair? To Spain.

Whom did Columbus send to England about the same time? Who was then king of England? Who were then the united sovereigns of Spain?

How were they united? By mariage.

Did they reiga unitedly over the whole, or each ver a distinct part Each over a distinct part.

Title of Ferdinand? The Catholic, king of Arragon.

Title of Is bella? Queen of Castile, or Quern of Castile and Leon. How was Columbus treated by Ferdinand?

How long did he plead in vain with Ferdinand? Five years.

Why had Columbus heard noth ing from his brother, during all this time? Bartholomew had fallen into the hands of pirates.

What court did Columbus then determine to visit? The court of England.

What is meant by the court of England? The king of England, his ministers and particular associ

ates.

What is meant by the king's ministers? Those who transact

his most important business. Why did not Columbus visit the court of England? Isabella concluded to employ him.

For what purpose, did she offer to pledge her own jewels? To defray the expense.

Who saved her from this mortifying expedient? St. Angel.

How? By advancing the money. Why would not Ferdinand take any part in the enterprise? He had no confidence in the project of CoJumbus.

For whom, did Isabella reserve all the benefits, that might result from the success of Columbus? For the Castilians.

Why? Because they were her subjects, and would defray the whole expense.

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At what islands, did he at first touch?

Which way are the Canaries from Palos?

To which quarter of the world, are the Canaries nearest ?

Which of the Canaries appears to be the largest ?

From which of the Canaries, did he take his departure? Gomera.

In what direction? How were many of the sailors affected, when they lost sight of the Canaries? They wept and smote their breasts, fearing they should never see land again.

How did Columbus comfort them? By the prospect of vast wealth.

From whom, did Columbus conceal the progress, that he made? From the sailors.

Why? To prevent their being distressed with the idea of being so far from home.

With what ceremony, did he and his followers land?

What did they then erect? A

What is a crucifix ? A

With what wonderful appear-crucifix. ance, were they greatly alarmed, when they were 600 miles from Gomera ? The variation of the magnetic needle.

What is meant by the variation of the needle? Its not pointing exactly north.

How did Columbus quiet their fears? He invented a pretended

reason.

What new difficulty had Columbus, when they had proceeded about 800 leagues? Insurrection.

What did they wish? To return to Spain.

How did some of them propose to get rid of Columbus ? To throw him into the sea.

How did he quell the insurrection? He soothed and threatened; he addressed their avarice and ambition.

How long did they then proceed quietly? About a week.

What did they then do? They assembled on deck, and required Columbus to steer instantly for Europe.

What promise did he make? To sail back, if they did not discover land in three days.

How long was it from that time, before they discovered land? About two days.

On what month and day?

How did they then treat Columbus? They threw themselves at his feet, and begged his pardon.

In what direction, did they see land? North.

With what did they find the shore covered? Multitudes of people. What did these people express? Wonder and amazement.

Who landed first? Columbus. What be Columbus in his hand?

To whom,did they return thanks, and sing praise before the crucifix? To God.

Whom did the natives think the Spaniards to be?

What did they consider the

ships?

What was the only valuable manufacture, that the natives could produce? Cotton

yarn. What did the natives call their boats? Canoes.

What did the natives call this island? Guanahana.

What did Columbus cali it? San Salvador.

What ornaments did many of the natives wear in their nostrils? Plates of gold.

Where did they intimate, that gold abounded? In countries to the South.

In what direction, did Columbus then sail from San Salvador? South.

What very great island did he soon discover? Cuba.

Of what, did he think, that Cuba might be a part? A continent. How large a village did he discover in Cuba? It consisted of 1000 inhabitants.

What very important grain did he discover in Cuba? Maize.

What name do we generally give to this grain? Indian corn, or corn.

Why is it called Indian corn? Because it was first found among the Indians.

What great island did Columbus next discover? Hayti.

What did he call it? Hispaniola. Meaning of Hispaniola. Little Spain.

Name most generally given to Hayti? St. Domingo.

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