What had the colonists done for redress, in every stage of oppression ?-How answered?

By what kind of acts, had his character been marked?

Whom is such a prince unfit to rule?

Of what, had the colonists warned their British brethren?

To what, had they appealed?

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power.

What had the colonists conjured them to disavow?

To whom, did Congress appeal for the rectitude of their intentions? What did they then declare the colonies to be?

In whose name?

From what, absolved?
What did they mutually pledge
Sin support of this declaration?

province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarg ing its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies:

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments:

For suspending our own legisla tures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He has combined with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction, foreign to our constitution, and unacknowl edged by our laws, giving his assent to their pretended acts of legisla-to tion:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

He is at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries, complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the For protecting them, by a mock most barbarous ages, and totally trial, from punishment for any mur-mworthy the head of a civilized ders, which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states: For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:

nation.

He has constrained our fellow citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their For imposing taxes on us with-country; to become the executioners

out our consent:

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefit of trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences: For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring

of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, aud has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule

Relying upon what?

Ilow was this declaration receiv

By whom, was this signed in be-ed through the land? half of Congress ?

By whom, in a few weeks?
By whom, froin your native state?
From what state, was there the
greatest number of signers?

From what state, was there the least number?

Whole number?

By whom, with peculiar exultation ?

What did the soldiers hope? How did the people view the evils, which they suffered from the war?

By what prospect, were they peculiarly animated?

of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and

of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppres-of right ought to be, FREE AND sions, we have petitioned for re- INDEPENDENT STATES; and that dress, in the most humble terms:: they are absolved from all allegi our repeated petitions have been ance to the British crown, and that answered only by repeated injury. all political connexion betwea A prince, whose character is thus them and the state of Great Brit marked by every act, which mayain, is and ought to be totally disdefine a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

solved; and that, as free and inde-
pendent states, they have full power

tract alliances, establish commerce,
and to do all other acts and things
which independent states may of
right do. And for the support of
this declaration, with a firm reli-
ance on the protection of Divine
Providence, we mutually pledge to
each other, our lives, our fortunes,
and our sacred honor.
Signed by order and in behalf of
the Congress,

JOHN HANCOCK, President.
Attest,

Nor have we been wanting into levy war, conclude peace, conattention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature, to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us; we have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here; we have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity aud we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of $ justice and consanguinity. We must therefore acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in in peace, friends. Of Ms. Samuel Adams, Joh We therefore, the representatives & Adams, Robert Treat Paine, E of the United States of America, inbridge Gerry; generalCongress assembled, appealing to the SupremeJudge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority > Ellery;

war,

CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary. In the course of a few weeks, this Declaration was signed by the fol lowing members, constituting al most the whole Congress. Some of them, however, were chosen after the 4th of July.

Of N. H. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton; Of R. I. Stephen Hopkins, Wm.

What was done with the statue of George III. in N. Y. ?

What name was given to King street in Boston?

CHAPTER LIII.—p. 140.

Washington at N. Y.-Battle of
Brooklyn.-Battle of White
Plains.-Capture of Fort-
Washington Washington's
Retreat in N. J.

What place did Washington take for his head quarters, after leaving Cambridge ?-Why?

Off what island, did Gen. Howe arrive in June ?

With what army?
Where had they been?

Of Ct. Roger Sherman, Samuel
Huntington, William Williams,
Oliver Wolcott;

Of N. Y. William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris ;

Of N.J. Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark;

Of Pa. Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross;

Of Del. Cesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas M'Kean;

Of Md. Samuel Chase, William Pacha, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll ;*

What is Sandy Hook? As all island, south of N. Y. city, and y near the coast of N. J.

By whom from England, was Gen. Howe soon joined, off Sandy Hook?

What relation was Lord Howe to Gen. Howe? Brother.

How large was the army, formed by their united forces?

Where did they land? On Staten Island.

How far from N. Y. ? On what days? The third and fourth of July.

For what, was the latter day greatly distinguished?

How many square miles does Staten Island contain? About 100.

This Declaration was soon published through the land, and received with transports of joy. With peculiar exultation, was it hailed by the army, by the Virginians and the Bostonians. The soldiers hoped, that they should no longer be branded with the odious name of rebels. They were animated by the consideration, that they should not risk their lives for the trifling purpose of procuring a repeal of a few oppressive laws, but for a new organization of government, that would forever put it out of the power of Britain to oppress them. The & people were encouraged to bear up under the calamities of war, and viewed the evils they suffered, only as the thorn, that accompanies the rose. They were peculiarly animated by the prospect of an exten

Of Va. George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, jun. Francis Lightfoot Lee, Cartonsive and unfettered commerce.Braxton;

Of N. C. William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn;

That separation, which they had deprecated, as an evil, they now gloried in, as a blessing. But proTho-bably no one had then, or has since had, any adequate idea, how great and extensive a blessing it was destined to prove.

Of S. C. Edward Rutledge, mas Heyward, jun. Thomas Lynch, jun. Arthur Middleton ;

Of Ga, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton.

*The only survivor in 1829.

What did W. say to that? Aslyn? Probably, of all battles, the

most disastrous to this country. Why did not Washington orde

§ How numerous was the Amer-reinforcements from N. Y. ?

Of what did that battle consist ?ter this retreat?

NOTE D. D. request to Capt Hale, who at once Capt. Nathan Hale. offered himself a volunteer for that Gen. Washington, after the rehazardous service.-Having passtreat from Long Island, applied to ed in disguise to Long Island, exCol. Knowlton, to adopt some meth-amined every part of the British od of gaining the necessary infor- army, and obtained the best possimation respecting the enemy. Col. ble intelligence, respecting its situK. communicated the General'sation and intended operations, he

How far did he succeed? What order did. Howe issue on his apprehension?

What favors were denied him? What reason was assigned for destroying his letters?

What was his dying observation ?

§ To what place, did Washington soon withdraw, with part of his troops?

Which way are White Plains from N. Y.?..

How soon after the Battle of Brooklyn, did the British take possession of N. Y. ? About a fortnight.

Which is most westerly, Newark or Trenton ?

What river did Washington cross

When was fought the battle of from Trenton ? White Plains? Oct. 28.

What was the issue?

§ On what river, was fort Washington-Which side? The E. How far from N. Y.? 10 miles. By whom, commanded? By whom, captured ?-When? How many were taken prisoners? How many weeks, after the battle of White Plains?

was apprehended in his attempt to return, and brought before Sir William Howe, who gave immediate order to the provost marshal to execute him the next morning. The order was accordingly executed in a most unfeeling manner, and by as great a savage, as ever disgraced humanity.

Into what state?

Which way is Trenton from
Philadelphia ?-from N. Y. ?
To which, is it nearest ?

Under what circumstances of deep depression did Washington conduct this retreat?

§ What American general has been peculiarly distinguished by trials and perplexities ?-When?

scholar. His dying observation was, "I only lament, that I have but one life to lose for my country.' This estimable man was born in Coventry, Ct. and educated at Yale College, where he was graduated in 1773.

† NOTE E. E. * Wretched state of the Army, and Magnanimity of Washington after the evacuation of Fort Lee.

Perhaps no man ever endured a

The attendance of a clergyman was refused him, and a bible, though requested, was not procured. Letters written to his mother and friends on the morning of his execution, were destroyed; the pro-greater aggregate of perplexities vost marshal assigning this extraordinary reason for that outrage, "that the rebels should not know, they had a man in their army, who could die with so much firmness."

Capt. Hale united in his character the soldier, the patriot and the

and trials in an equal time, than Washington, during the first six years of the war; or exhibited a greater amount of magnanimity under thein. He had to contend with a most powerful enemy, under vast and numberless disadvan