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Which way is St. Domingo from Cuba?-From San Salvador?

How were the Spaniards treated by the Haytians? With very great

kindness.

Cause of this kindness? The Spaniards were considered as celestial beings.

At what island, did Columbus leave a colony of 33 men? At? Hayti.

Why were the Haytians glad to have this colony remain ? To defend them from the Carribees. Where did the Carribees live? On the Carribean islands. Which way from Hayti? Character of the Carribees ? They were horrible plunderers and cannibals.

Why did Columbus find it necessary to hasten back to Spain? On account of the impatience of his men, and the bad condition of his ships.

What dreadful calamity did he experience on his return? A tremendous storm.

What method did he adopt, to preserve a knowledge of his discoveries?

When did he arrive in Spain? How long had he been absent ? Where did he soon visit the king and queen? At Barcelona.

Who were the king and queen What did he relate to them? An account of his voyage.

How extensively did his fame immediately spread? Throughout Europe.

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Of how many vessels, did his second fleet consist? 17.

With how many men? 1500. From whom, did Ferdinand and Isabella obtain a grant of the lands they wished to occupy? From the Pope.

Who was then Pope? Alexander VI.

What was his character? He was a monster of wickedness. What right had the pope to make such a grant? No right.

such a right? He was considered
Why was he supposed to have
as Christ's vicegerent on earth.
Meaning of vicegerent?
In what year, did Columbus com-
mence his second voyage
1493.

In

From what port did he sail?Cadiz. Which way is Cadiz from Gibraltar?

Which is the nearest to Gibraltar, Cadiz or Palos?

Why did he sail further to the south than before? To have the benefit of the trade winds.

Of what cluster, did they soon discover several islands? The Carribees..

Why did Columbus hasten to Hayti? To visit his colony.

What did he find at Navidad, where he had left them? Nothing but desolation.

What had become of the colony? Some had been slain by the natives; and the rest were drowned in attempting to escape.

What city did Columbus soon

What was the new world gener-build? ally thought to be? A part of India.

CHAPTER VI.

Isabella.

Where? On the northern cenpart of Hayti.

tral

First city in America, built by Europeans? Isabella.

Most important island discovered by Columbus on his second voy

Second Voyage of Columbus. Who patronised the second voyage? Jamaica. age of Columbus? Both Ferdi-2 nand and Isabella.

Which way is Jamaica from San Salvador?

What part of Cuba is between? What part of the adventurers on this voyage died in a very few

months? Two thirds.

How long was Columbus employed in subduing the Haytians? Several months.

Upon what natives did Columbus impose a tax? All above 14 years old.

In what, was the tax paid? Gold dust or cotton.

How did the Haytians attempt to destroy their oppressors? By starvation.

How? By leaving their own lands uncultivated, and destroying their esculent roots.

Meaning of esculent?

Who were the victims of this plot? The Haytians themselves. What part of them died? More than a third.

How were the Spaniards preserved? By supplies from Spain.

Who persuaded the court of Spain to send out Aguado, to watch the conduct of Columbus? The enemies of Columbus.

What did Columbus do to avoid his inspection, and justify himself? He repaired to Spain.

By what course did he return to Europe? An eastern course.

With what difficulty did he continually struggle? The trade winds.

How long was his passage ? Above three months.

What measure was proposed to prevent starvation? To feed upon the Haytian prisoners, or to drown them

Who prevented the execution? Columbus.

How was he received and treated by Ferdinand and Isabella? With the utmost kindness.

How were his enemies affected? They were filled with confusion.

CHAPTER VII. p. 10.

Columbus, after his second voy age.

What measure was adopted to procure colonists for Hispaniola ? Malefactors were taken from pris

ons.

Meaning of malefactors?

What land did Columbus first discover on his third voyage Trinidad.

Near the mouth of what vast river, is Trinidad ?

In what latitude?

Near what island, did Columbus discover the continent? Trinidad. In what province ? Cumana. In what year?

How long after his first voyage
How long ago?

What led Columbus to conclude. that he had discovered a continent? The greatness of the Oronoco.

To what part of Hispaniola, did. the colony remove, while Columbus was absent? To the other side of the island, S. E. from Isabella.

Who excited an insurrection among the Spaniards, during this time? Roldan.

With what office, had Columbus invested Roldan? That of chief justice.

Who sent to Spain, an account of Roldan's insurrection? Columbus.

Why was Ferdinand disposed to listen to the account of Roldan, rather than of Columbus ? F. had not been remunerated for money, advanced to Columbus.

Meaning of remunerate?

For what purpose, was Francis Bovadilla sent to Hispaniola? To inquire into the character of Columbus.

How was Columbus required to treat Bovadilla? To obey him. What was the conduct of Colum

bus? He silently submitted to be ment of their promise? On actried by Bovadilla.

How did Bovadilla treat Columbus? Caused him to be seized, fettered, and hurried on board a ship.

How did Columbus bear this? With the greatest coolness and dignity.

What did Bovadilla then do with Columbus and his two brothers? Sent them in fetters, and in different vessels, to Spain.

Who offered to unbind Columbus? Vellejo, the Capt. of the vessel, in which he sailed.

Why did Columbus refuse? He said, his fetters had been put on by the king's order, and by his order only, should be taken off.

How was he treated by the king and queen, on his arrival in Spain? He was liberated, and kindly received.

What was his conduct, when admitted into their presence? He threw himself at their feet, and remained speechless.

What did he do, when a little recovered? Vindicated himself in a long speech.

What praishment did they inflict upon Bovadilla? They degraded him from his office.

By whom, was Bovadilla superseded? Ovando.

How did Columbus feel, when he found, that he was not to be restored to his office of governor ? He was deeply wounded.

What did he carry with him, wherever he went? His fetters.

What did he say, should be done with them, at last? That they should be buried with him in his grave.

What did Columbus demand of Ferdinand and Isabella? That he should be viceroy of the countries he had discovered.

Why did they decline the fulfil

count of the greatness and impor. tance of the discoveries.

How many voyages to America, did Columbus make? Four.

Object of the fourth? To discover a strait or isthmus, leading to the western ocean.

Did he succeed in this? He did not.

What distressing intelligence did he receive, when he returned from his fourth voyage? That Isabella was dead.

What did Columbus demand of Ferdinand? The punishment of his oppressors, and the restitution of his privileges.

With what, did Ferdinand amuse him? With fair words and unmeaning promises.

What encouraged Ferdinand to persevere in this cruel plan? The declining health of Columbus.

Where did Columbus die? At Valladolid.

Which way is Valladolid from Madrid ?-From Wethersfield in Ct.? Exactly east.

In what year, did Columbus die? How long after the discovery of San Salvador?

How long after the discovery of the continent? At what age ?

CHAPTER VIII. p. 10.

Cabot, Amerigo and Verrazano. Who first discovered the conti nent of America ?-In what year ?

Of what nation, was John Cabot? He was an Italian.

In what part of England, did he reside? At London.

What stimulated him, to seek a nearer passage to India? The first voyage of Columbus.

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In what direction from England. did he expect to find that passage A north-western

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Which way from Liverpool? Which way from Dorchester ? In what year, did Cabot sail from Bristol?

What land did he first discover? Probably Newfoundland.

What part of the continent did. he first discover? Probably Labrador.

From whom, did America derive its name?

To what city, did he belong?

CHAPTER IX.—p. 10.

Gilbert, Raleigh and Gosnold. Who planted the first English colony in America? Walter Raleigh. Who gave Raleigh a commission

for this?

In what year

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Who had failed in attempting to plant an English colony, the preceding year at Newfoundland ? Humphrey Gilbert.

What relation was Gilbert to Raleigh? Both had the same mother.

What became of Gilbert ? After taking formal possession of New

What was he called at Florence?foundland, in the name of the queen, Amerigo Vespucci.

What was his occupation? was a merchant.

he with many of his people, perishHeed at sea.

In what year did he visit Ameri

ca ?

How long after the discovery of the continent by Columbus ?-By Cabot ?

Who conducted the expedition, when Amerigo visited America ? With whom, had Ojeda before made a voyage to America?

Why was this continent called for Amerigo? Because he published an account of his voyage, with an elegant chart purporting that he was the first discoverer of the continent.

Who was commissioned from France, to make discoveries in America?

Where did Raleigh's first colony settle? On an island,called Roanoke. In what year ? 1585.

Where is Roanoke island? Near the mouth of Albemarle sound.

Where is Albemarle sound? Of how many persons, did the first English colony consist? 107. Who was their governor? Ralph Lane.

What became of that colony? They were carried back to England, the next year.

How? In the fleet of Francis Drake.

Where was planted Raleigh's se cond colony? At Roanoke. Consisting of how many? 117. In what year? 1587. Who was their governor? John

By whom? Did he make discoveries in N. A. White. or S. A. ?

In what year?

Why did Gov. White go to England in 1587? To procure sup

plies.

How long after the discovery of
San Salvador of the continent
by Cabot by Columbus ?-bytaining them
Ojeda ?

What did Verrazano call the country, that he discovered?

Why did he not succeed in obEngland was filled with alarm for fear of the Spanish invasion.

How long was it, before White could revisit America? Three years.

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