of paper money, somewhat like the present bank bills, which had been issued by Congress. probably would have been fatal to our army; and perhaps to our independence. What prevented? In his com Why did they depreciate? They could not be exchanged for specie,fortable winter quarters, Howe as bank bills can, and it was fear- Of what other necessaries, were the soldiers almost destitute ? How great was their want of linen? Few had more than one shirt, many, only the moiety of one; and some, none at all. Upon what did they lodge? Some upon straw; but the greater part, upon the ground, Influence of their condition upon health and life? Extremely pernicious? What does Botta say of their hospital? It resembled more a receptacle for the dying, than a refuge for the sick." What part of the army were fit for service, during the winter Generally, about one third. What does Botta say of the manner, in which the army bore their trials?" They exhibited such examples of constancy and resignation, as we should not dare to pronounce ever to have been equalled by other nations." How was Washington affected? He acknowledged his trials to be greater than they had been before. Why? He felt most keenly for his poor, ragged, naked, hungry, shivering, languishing, dying soldiers, whom he could not relieve. What greatly aggravated these trials? Some blamed him, and wished him removed from his of fice. How did he bear his trials? Most magnanimously. What would have been the result, if the British had attacked. Washington in this condition? It? seems to have been too supine and indolent to discover and improve his advantage. What inference may be drawn respecting the capture of Phiadelphia? It was probably the salvation of our army, if not of our country. What humorous remark has been made upon this subject? That Philadelphia took Howe, rather than Howe P. Who soon succeeded Howe, as commander of the British? St Henry Clinton. § What resolution was formed in England, on our alliance with France? Why? The ministers probably feared, that by the aid of the French fleet, Washington would treat Clinton, as Gates had treated Bur goyne. Where did the English wish to concentrate their forces ? In what month, did the British evacuate Philadelphia? How long had they occupied it! Which did the hostile troops oc cupy longest, Boston or Philadel phia ?-How much? Who pursued the British in their retreat through N. J. ? How long after they had pursu ed him through the same state! Where did they come to a bat tle? How far from Philadelphia? In what place, very near Monmouth, was the principal part of the battle? Freehold. Which way is Freehold from Phil. ?-from N. Y. ? To which, nearest ? Who commanded the Americans? the British? Clinton Which had the advantage? Conduct of D' Estaing, upon the approach of Howe ? What separated the fleets, and prevented a battle? Where did D'Estaing go for repairs? Who were much displeased with him for going to Boston? The Americans. § Which of the Southern States was marked as the first object of attack in '78 ?-Why? Capital of Ga.? In what part of Ga. is S. ? How far from its mouth? 17 m. What states does the Savannah divide? With what effect, did Colonel Campbell attack Savannah? In what month? Dec. Meaning of Savannah? Who attempted to defend S. ? Which party lost 550 in killed and wounded? The Americans. § Character of the campaign of 1779 ? Chief aim of the British in "79? By what motives, were they acWhy? They wished him to re- tuated? Revenge, on account of the pair at Newport, and aid in deliy-French alliance, and a wish to terering the Island from the British. rify the people into submission, or to prevent their being useful to the French in time to come. What aid did D' Estaing afford the Americans? None except perhaps frightening the British from Philadelphia and from R. I. by the terror of his name. § In what year, did the Southern States become the principal seat of the war? In 1778. Why did the British choose to carry the war into those states ? They supposed, it would be easier to subdue them. Why? On account of the greater number of slaves and of royalists, and because the southern people were considered less martial. Why did they not begin with the Southern States? Because, they considered Ms. as the principal of fender, and supposed, that when they had performed the easy task of crushing rebellion there, the rest would submit. & 3 In what states, were their most dreadful depredations? What city in Ct. was plundered? What towns were burnt? § Which party made the feeblest efforts in '79 ? Their most important enterprise? How situuted with regard to W. Point? 12 miles below. Who conducted the attack? What imparted new effulgence to the victory? What rendered this effulgence the more striking? What other expedition did the Americans execute in '79? Who conducted it? With what effect? First cause mentioned of our it What was the result? They found the people of Ms. " exceed-activity in 279 ? ingly unmanageable," and all the other colonies disposed to take vart 2 with them. A much more powerful cause? § Why was it impolitic, to tax the people at the time, with the expenses of the war? Only expedient, in the power of Congress? In what year, did Congress begin to issue bills of credit! At what period, were the people almost regardless of private property-Cause of this? In what time, did the bills begin to depreciate? To what, did Congress, at length resort ?-With what success? CHAPTER LVII.—p. 155. Capture of Charleston.-Female Patriotism.--Kniphausen in N. J.-Washington at Mor ristown.--Arrival of 6000 Frenchmen.-Treason of Arnold.-Major Andre.-Story of Champe. For what object, did Clinton sail toward the south in Dec. '79 ? With how many men? Of whom, did they consist? En What conduct of the Britishglish, Hessians, and loyalists. tended to sink the value of the con tinental currency? How great was finally the depreciation of paper money? What were some of the evils arising from this depreciation? Extreme injustice, difficulty of recruiting and supporting the army; and the discontent of the officers and soldiers. What reflects the highest honor upon Washington? By what, have these evils been 1000 times compensated? § Who apparently saved the country from the rain, threatened by the depreciation of paper money? Robert Morris. How? By the most skilful and vigorous measures as treasurer, and by employing or pledging his own vast property, to raise the public credit. Give some account of Robert Morris. He was a native of England, a very opulent merchant in Philadelphia, and one of the patriots, who signed the Declaration of Independence. Which is nearest N. Y. Savannah or Charleston ? Why did Clinton's fleet sail much farther than was necessary! He probably ordered, that in case of dispersion, they should collect at Savannah. Was S. then in possession of the British, or Americans? What dispersed them? A terrible tempest. Effect upon the horses on board! It destroyed most of them. Whom had Clinton invested with the command, at N. Y. ? In what year, did he attack Charleston ?-month? How long after its first settleinent? Who then commanded the Americans in the south? Who was Gov. of S. C.? Whose batteries soon attained a superiority? In what month, was Charleston taken ? After how long a siege? 40 days. Which was the largest, when captured, Burgoyne's army or Lin To what city, did Clinton soon return? Under whom, did Clinton leave 4000 men ? What does Botta say of our ob-coln's? ligation to Morris ? "The Ameritans owed, and stil. owe, as much acknowledgment to the financial operations of Robert Morris, as to the negotiations of Benjamin Franklin, or even to the arms of George Washington." Succeeding fate of S. C.? Al most the whole state appeared to be conquered Why were British garrisons placed in different parts of S. C.? § From what, had Clinton released the Carolinean prisoners of war? From the obligations of their parole. Meaning of parole? A promise given by a prisoner of war, when he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return at the time appointed, unless discharged. Why had Clinton granted them this indulgence? That he might † NOTE H. H. Patriotic Ladies of S. C. Philadelphia, &c. The following Note is taken principally from Botta. employ them in his own service. What did the Carolineans say, when required to fight against their country? If we must resume arms, let us rather fight for America and our friends, than for England and strangers. Conduct of many of these patriots? They passed clandestinely into N. C. and joined the American troops. What noble example did many females of S. C. then exhibit ?† men.' By such words, these generous women mitigated the miseries of the unhappy prisoners. They would never appear at the balls or routs, that were given by the victors; those, who consented to atiend them, were instantly despised, and dropped by all the others. The moment an American officer arriv "Amidst the general desolation, the women of Carolina exhibited an example of more than masculine fortitude. They displayed so ardent, so rare a love of country, thated at Charleston as prisoner of war, scarcely could there be found in ancient or modern history, an instance more worthy to excite surprise and admiration. Far from being offended at the name of rebel ladies, they esteemed it a title of distinction and glory. Instead of showing themselves in assemblies, the seat of joy and brilliant pleasures, they repaired on board ships, they descended into dungeons, where their husbands, children and friends were in confinement; they carried them consolations and encouragements. Summon your magnanimity,' they said; yield not to the fury of tyrants; hesitate not, to prefer prisons to infamy, death to servitude. America has fixed her eyes on her beloved defenders; you will reap, doubt it not, the fruit of your sufferings; they will produce liberty, that parent of all blessings; they will shelter her forever from the assaults of the British banditti. You are the martyrs of a cause the most grateful to Heaver, and sacred for they sought him out, and loaded him with attention and civilities. They often assembled in the most retired parts of their houses, to deplore, without restraint, the misfortunes of their country. Many of them imparted their noble spirit to their hesitating and wavering husbands; they determined them to prefer a rigorous exile to their interest and to the sweets of life.Exasperated at their constancy, the English condemned the most zealous to banishment and confiscation. In bidding a last farewell to their fathers, their children, their brothers, their husbands, these heroines, far from betraying the least mark of weakness, which in men might have been excused, exhorted them to arm themselves with intrepidity. They conjured them, not to allow fortune to vanquish them, nor to suffer the love they bore their families, to render them unmindful of all they owed their country.When comprehended, soon after, |