they afterwads settled? Nearly a mile and a half. When did they begin to erect the first building at Plymouth? Dec. 25. rendering the sick all possible aid? Gov. Carver. What method did the Pilgrims take, to prevent the Indians from knowing the extent of this mortality? Levelled the graves and sow Why did they not begin sooner ? They were some days in fixing up-ed them with grain. on a spot, and were farther detained by a storm. When, may we consider the settlement of Plymouth as commencing? On the Sabbath, Dec. 31, the last day of the year 1620. Why may we consider it as commencing then? Because some of the company kept that Sabbath in their house at Plymouth. When the Plymotheans were so weak, why were they not destroyed by savages? By the good providence of God, the savages were restrained from making an attack. When did the Pilgrims give the name Plymouth, to the place, where they settled? When the settlement commenced. Why was it called Plymouth? Why did they not all keep Sab- Partly because it had been so callbath ashore? They had not suffi-ed by Capt. John Smith, and partcient accommodations. How many days was this, after they discovered Cape Cod ? What had been the state of the weather during that time? Uncommonly cold, stormy, and distressing. What was the effect? Much suffering and injury to the people. How many of the Pilgrims died after their arrival, before April? 44.* How many survived? 58. How many were at some time, ર ly on account of the kindness they had received at Plymouth in England. What special preparation seems to have been made by Providence, for the settlement of Plymouth? Almost all the natives on the coast of what is now Ms. had been cut off. How By war and pestilence. What pestilence? Probably the yellow fever. What part of the natives had died? About nineteen twentieths. When had this pestilence taken place? About the year 1617. How great were its ravages at Plymouth? Every native had been destroyed, except one, named Squanto, who was absent. in Cape Cod. harbor. He lived to be almost 84 years old. Of the Pilgrims, 6 died in Dec. 8 in Jan. 17 in Feb. and 13 in March. † One remarkable circumstance, attending this pestilence, was not known, till after the settlement of Plymouth. A French ship had *The number that sailed from England, was 101. One person died on the passage, and one child, son of Stephen Hopkins, was born, who was called Oceanus. Four persons died in Cape Cod harbor. One of these was the wife of Mr. Bradford, who was soon after chosen governor. While he was ab-been wrecked on Cape Cod. The sent, she fell from the Mayflower, and was drowned, Dec. 7. One caya, Peregrine White, was born men were saved with their goods. The natives kept their eye on them, till they found an opportunity to What disaster had happened to What, did he say, was the Ina French vessel near Cape Cod,dian name of Plymouth? some years before? How were the poor seamen treated by the natives? What were they told, that God would do to them for their cruelty? What did they reply? What did the Frenchman answer? What afterwards called his words to their remembrance? How did they feel, when the Pilgrims arrived at Cape Cod ? Which way is Plymouth from Martha's Vineyard ?-from Portsmouth, in N. H. ?from Hartford? -from Boston? Which is most westerly, outh or Providence? How did they treat Samoset? What disposition did Samoset cherish towards the Plymotheans? Whom did Samoset introduce at his third visit? By whom, had Squanto been taken captive ? Where had Hunt sold Squanto? Who had redeemed Squanto from slavery? Probably the monks of Spain. Who was the greatest sachem in the region of Plymouth? Who informed the Plymotheans, that Massasoit was approaching? With what guard, was Massasoit Plym-attended? What prevented for some time, any advances from either side? Who was first sent to Massasoit? What wish did M. express? Who was sent for this purpose? What did Mr. Winslow carry to Massasoit? Two knives and a copper chain with a jewel in it. Whom did Massasoit leave as a hostage with his men? Meaning of hostage? With how many men, did Massasoit visit the Plymotheans? 20. With how many men, did Standish meet Massasoit? 6. For what purpose? To escort him to one of the best houses. Meaning of escort? When had Standish been appointed military commander? so many, God had many ways to kill them, of which they were then ignorant. When the pestilence came among them, they remember kill all but 3 or 4, and divide the goods. The captives were sent from one tribe to another, as slaves. One of them learned so much of their language, as to tell them, thated the Frenchman's words; and God was angry with them for their when the Plymotheans arrived at cruelty, and would destroy them, Cape Cod, the few survivors imagand give their country to another ined, that the other part of his prepeople. They answered, that they diction would soon be accomplishwere too many for God to kill.ed.-Belknap's Biog. 2: 208. He replied, that, if they were ever What is he generally called? Capt. Standish. What Indians inhabited that country? The Wampanoags or By what music, was Gov. Car-Wampanoags. ver preceded, when he came in, to salute Massasoit? A drun and trumpet. How were the Indians affected? They were much pleased. What was the particular dominion of Massasoit? Pokanoket. Along what bay, did Pokanoket extend? Narraganset bay. What parts? The north and † NOTE G. What towns are now included in that country? Bristol, Warren, Barrington and Swanzey. Where were Massasoit's principal seats? At Mount Hope and Warren. Where was Mount Hope? In Bristol. What treaty was formed with Massasoit ?† • Why was Massasoit desirous of 2. That if any of his did any hurt to any of theirs, he should send the offender, that they might punish him. "3. That if any thing were ta 4. That if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him; and if any did war against them, he should aid them. Treaty with Massasoit. Rarely has the interposition of Providence been more striking, or more worthy of devout acknowledgment, than in raising up and pre-ken away froin any of theirs, he serving to our fathers, such a friend should cause it to be restored, and as Massasoit. But for his kind in- they should do the like to his. fluence, it seems, that the destruction of their little establishment must have been inevitable. This great and amiable prince, therefore, may not only be ranked among "5. That he should send to his our benefactors, but among the sa-neighbor confederates, to inform viors of our country. Like Pow-them of this, that they might not hatan, he seems to have been a wrong them, but might be likewise kind of sachem of sachems, or em- comprised in these conditions of peror. He was not only sovereign peace. in his own Pokanoket, but had great influence over other dominions. To gain his friendship, therefore, was to gain the friendship of many a chief besides. So it proved in the result. It is doubtful, 7. Lastly, That so doing, their whether we have ever formed a sovereign Lord, King James, would treaty with any potentate, more esteem them as his friend and ally. important in its consequences, than "All which," says Morton," he that, which was formed with Mas-liked well, and withal at the same sasoit at Plymouth; and no other surely is so worthy of the attention of our youth. The articles of this treaty, as first established, are the following; "1. That neither he, nor any of his, should injure or do hurt to any of their people. 6. That when his men come to them upon any occasion, they should leave their arms (which were then bows and arrows) behind them. time, acknowledged himself content to become the subject of our sovereign Lord aforesaid, his heirs and successors; and gave unto them all the lands adjacent, to them and to theirs forever." Let it not be said, then, that our forefathers came to Plymouth, and forming this treaty? That the Plynotheans might defend him against the Narragansets. Who were the Narragansets? A tribe of Indians, that lived on the west of Narraganset Bay. In what state, is Narraganset Bay? How long is Narraganset Bay Which way is Narraganset Bay from Buzzard's Ba-from Middletown from Lexington in Ms. ? Number of the Narragansets, compared with other tribes ? It Who united with Massasoit in confirming the treaty of Plymouth, in the year 1639 ? How long did the Mayflower continue at Plymouth? Till April. Why did she continue so long? On account of the sickness and Imortality of the seamen. What part of them had died? About half. What distinguished character died the same April, that the Mayflower departed? Gov. Carver. For what, was he distinguished? For piety, and for the sacrifices, was the greatest tribe in New-which he made for the good of the England. Number of that tribe ? About 4000. How many warriors? About 1000. How could 20 or 30 Plymotheans aid Massasoit against 1000 Narragansets? The fire-arms of the Plymotheans were terrible to the Indians. Pilgrims. CHAPTER XXII. Gov. Bradford. Who soon succeeded Carver ? In what year was Bradford ? born? robbed the Indians of their lands. educated, first by his grand parents, The natives there were all dead; and afterwards by his uncles, in nor did a single Indian visit them, the practice of agriculture. His till Samoset bade them welcome. paternal inheritance was considerEighteen years afterwards, Mas-able; but he had no better educasasoit with his eldest son Mooanamntion, than generally falls to the or Alexander, came to Plymouth, and solemnly confirmed this treaty, and promised not to sell any land without the consent of the Plymo theans. share of children of husbandmen. At the age of 12, his mind was seriously impressed in reading the scriptures; and an illness of long continuance conduced to preserve † NOTE H. him from the follies of youth. His Some account of Gov. Bradford. good impressions were confirmed [The following sketch is taken by attending upon the ministry of principally from Allen's Biograph- Mr. Clifton. As he increased in ical and Historical Dictionary, a years, he was enabled to vindicate work that will be found peculiarly his opinions against opposition. useful to the students of our histo-Being stigmatized as a Separatist, he cheerfully bore the frowns of his William Bradford, second gov-relatives and the scoffs of his neighernor of Plymouth colony, was born at Ansterfield, a village in the north of England, in 1588. His parents dying, when he was young, he was ry.] bors. Fearless of persecution, he joined Mr. Clifton's church. Believing, that many of the practices of the church of England were con Character of Bradford? He was one of the greatest and best men, that ever lived.. In what country, was he born? Whose church did he join? In what business, was he educat-from the Dutch magistrates, at ed? At what age, was his mind seriously impressed?, By what means? From what, did sickness conduce to preserve him? By whose ministry, were his good impressions confirmed? Whose frowns and scoffs did he cheerfully bear? trary to the bible, he preferred the purity of worship to any temporal advantage, that might arise from bending his conscience to the opinions of others. When about 18 years old, he was among those who attempted to escape to Holland; but was taken and imprisoned at Boston. On account of his youth, however, he was soon liberated. The next year, 1608, he was one of those, who fled from Grimsby common, when part of the company went to sea, and part were taken by the officers called pursuivants. What great bereavement did he suffer at Cape Cod ? Why was he not chosen governor immediately after the death of Carver? For what, was he peculiarly conspicuous? How long was he governor? Mayflower lay in Cape Cod harbor, he was one of the foremost in the several hazardous attempts to find a proper place for the seat of the colony. When returned from the last of these, in which his little company had had the happiness to discover Plymouth, he received the heart-rending intelligence, that during his absence, his beloved wife had fallen from the ship, and was drowned. When Gov. Carver died, April 5, Mr. Bradford was sick, and congreat mercy, however, the Lord was sidered at the point of death. In pleased to raise him up, to be an After some time, he went over unspeakable blessing to the infant to Zealand, through various diffi-plantation. As soon as he was culties. He was no sooner landed, sufficiently recovered to enter upon than a malicious fellow passenger the duties of the office, he was electaccused him before the Dutch magistrates, as a fugitive from Eng- 33 years old, he was most conspiced governor. Though only about land. But when they understood uous for wisdom, fortitude, piety the cause of his emigration, they and benevolence. The duties of gave him protection, and permis-this high office he discharged with sion to join his brethren at Amsterdam. After a residence in Holland of about 10 years, he engaged with zeal in the plan of removing to America. He accordingly embark ed, and proceeded with the other Pilgrims in that most arduous and dangerous enterprise. While the the greatest faithfulness and dignity mainder of his life except five. Five for 30 years, being the whole retimes by his earnest request, the honor of election was conferred upon another. During these years, however, he was first assistant and deputy governor. He strongly recommended a rotation in the elec |