BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES OTHER THAN NATIONAL. From the Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, December 1, 1877. Number of State Banks, Savings Banks, Trust Companies, and Private Bankers, and their Average Capital and Deposits, by States, for the six months ending May 31, 1877. GERMANY'S DEMONETIZATION OF SILVER. THE demonetization of silver in Germany was provided for by the mint act on the 23d of May, 1873, providing that on the 1st of October, 1876, the old silver currency should cease to be a legal tender, and fixing the relative value of gold to silver in the conversion (or adoption of the single gold standard) at 15.675 to one. In January, 1876, an act was passed giving the Federal Council power to reduce the remaining silver coinage to the rank of subsidiary or token coins, by limiting the legal-tender power to the amount of twenty marks, or five dollars. This power was exercised in November, 1876, so far as concerned the two-thaler and onesixth-thaler fractional pieces, which were demonetized after February 15th, 1877. Under this provision, large amounts of silver coins have been withdrawn from circulation in Ger. many; the total silver shipments to Great Britain were to the amount of $113,000,000 up to November, 1877. But the most important step, the demonetization and withdrawal of the silver thalers, of which a large number, variously estimated at from sixty to one hundred millions of dollars, are still in circulation, remains to be taken. About $93,000,000 of the old silver has been coined into new silver marks, and retained in the country. Late in 1876, a resolution was passed by the Bundesrath for increasing the limit of the silver-token coinage, which by the coinage law of 1873 was to be struck at the mint, to fifteen marks per head of the population. Objections, however, were raised by the adherents of the single gold standard, and, owing to the strong feeling in the Reichsrath against it, the Imperial Government decided not to submit it to that body. Mainly from the Journal Télégraphique. THE SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES OF THE WORLD IN 1877. THE first submarine telegraph cable was laid in 1851, between Dover and Calais, and was twenty-five nautical miles in length. From this small commencement the system of submarine telegraphs has grown until at the present time it embraces a total of 569 cables, with a length of 65,190 nautical miles, and 72,462 miles of conductors. Of these, 149 cables, with 59,547 nautical miles length, are owned and operated by private or incorporated companies; and 420 cables, with 5,643 nautical miles length, are owned and operated by government telegraph administrations. * This does not include the railway lines of telegraph, of which no statement is published. GROWTH OF THE TELEGRAPH IN THE UNITED STATES. IN 1866, the Western Union Telegraph Company owned and operated 37,380 miles of line, with 2250 telegraph offices. Ten years later, in July, 1877, the company had 76,955 miles of line, with 7500 offices. In 1877, the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company was consolidated with the Western Union, adding its 17,759 miles of line to the former, making 94,714 miles of inland telegraph in the United States, besides private, railway, and government lines, length not given. PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1791-1877. Statement of Outstanding Principal of the Public Debt of the United States on the 1st of January of each Year from 1791 to 1842, inclusive; and on the 1st of July of each Year from 1843 to 1877, inclusive. From the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the Finances. LENGTH OF SESSIONS OF CONGRESS, 1789-1877. No. of Con gress. No. of Session. Time of Session. 1st..March 4, 1789--Sept. 29, 1789 12d..Nov. 1st..Dec. 2d..Dec. 1st..Sept. 25th 2d..Dec. 3d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 2d.. Dec. 1st.. May 1st 2d ..Jan. 3d..Dec. 21 (1st..Oct. 2d. Nov. 3d 1st..Dec. 4th 1st..May 5th 2d.. Nov. 3d..Dec. 4, 1790-Aug. 12, 1790 6, 1790-Mar. 3, 1791 24, 1791-May 8, 1792 5, 1792-Mar. 2, 1793 2, 1793-June 9, 1794 3, 1794-March 3, 1795 7, 1795-June 1, 1796 5, 1796-March 3, 1797 15, 1797-July 10, 1797 13, 1797-July 16, 1798 3, 1798-March 3, 1799 1st..Dec. 2, 1799-May 14, 1800 2d..Nov. 17, 1800-March 3, 1801 1st..Dec. 7, 1801-May 3, 1802 2d..Dec. 6, 1802-March 3, 1803 1st..Oct. 17, 1803-Mar. 27, 1804 2d..Nov. 5, 1804-March 3, 1805 2, 1805-April 21, 1806 1, 1806-March 3, 1807 26, 1807--April 25, 1808 26th 27th 2d..Dec. 1st..Oct. 12d..Nov. 1st.. May 11th 2d..Nov. 3d.. Dec. 7, 1808-March 3, 1809 22, 1809-June 28, 1809 27, 1809-May 1, 1810 3, 1810-March 3, 1811 4, 1811-July 6, 1812 2, 1812-March 3, 1813 1st..May 24, 1813-Aug. 2, 1813 13th 2d..Dec. 6, 1813-April 18, 1814 3d..Sept. 19, 1814-March 3, 1815 1st..Dec. 4, 1815-April 30, 1816 2d..Dec. 2, 1816-March 3, 1817 1, 1817-April 20, 1818 1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 34th 2d..Aug. 3d..Dec. 4, 1837-Oct. 16, 1837 4, 1837-July 9, 1838 3, 1838-March 3, 1839 2, 1839-July 21, 1840 7, 1840-March 3, 1841 31, 1841-Sept. 13, 1841 6, 1841-Aug. 31, 1842 5, 1842-March 3, 1843 4, 1843-June 17, 1844 2, 1844-March 3, 1845 1, 1815-Aug. 10, 1846 7, 1846-March 3, 1847 6, 1847-Aug. 14, 1848 4, 1848-March 3, 1849 3, 1849-Sept. 30, 1850 2, 1850-March 3, 1851 1, 1851-Aug. 31, 1852 6, 1852-March 3, 1853 5, 1853-Aug. 7, 1854 4, 1854-March 3, 1855 3, 1855-Aug. 18, 1856 21, 1856-Aug. 30, 1856 1, 1856-March 3, 1857 7, 1857-June 14, 1858 6, 1858-March 3, 1859 5, 1859-June 25, 1860 3, 1860-March 4, 1861 4, 1861-Aug. 6, 1861 2, 1861-July 17, 1862 1, 1862-March 4, 1863 7, 1863-July 4, 1864 5, 1864-March 4, 1865 4, 1865-July 28, 1866 (1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 3, 1866-March 4, 1867 16th (1st..Dec. 1st..Dec. 40th 46 17th 12d..Dec. 18th 1st. Dec. 12d..Dec. 3d..Dec. 19th (1st..Dec. 20th 42d 2d..Dec. 3d..Dec. 21st 1st..Dec. 2d..Dec. 43d 2d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 1st..March 4, 1871-April 20, 1871 S 1st..Dec. 2d..Dec. 1st..Dec. 12d..Dec. 4, 1871-June 10, 1872 2, 1872-March 4, 1873 1, 1873-June 23, 1874 7, 1874-March 4, 1875 6, 1875-Aug. 15, 1876 4, 1876--March 4, 1877 15, 1877-Dec. 3, 1877 3, 18771878 2, 1878-March 4, 1879 NOTE. To determine the years covered by a given Congress, double the number of the Congress, and add the product to 1789; the result will be the year in which the Congress closed. Thus, the 35th Congress 70 +1789 = 1859, that being the year which terminated the 35th Congress, on the 4th of March. To find the number of a Congress sitting in any given year, subtract 1789 from the year; if the result is an even number, half that number will give the Congress, of which the year in question will be the closing year. If the result is an odd number, add one to it, and half the result will give the Congress, of which the year in question will be the first year. |