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ducts or for State headquarters, Kansas and Colorado uniting in one large building, and Pennsylvania having two buildings. Philadelphia also erected a pavilion for the accommodation of city officials. The States having separate buildings were as follows: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

The money for constructing the buildings and getting the grand Exhibition into working order was derived mainly from the following sources:

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Besides the advance of $1,500,000, the United States Congress appropriated $505,000 for the erection of the U. S. Government Building, and for organizing and defraying the expenses of the highly creditable display by the various departments and bureaus of the Government and by the Smithsonian Institution. The amounts invested by Pennsylvania and Philadelphia were permanent. That invested by the United States was a loan, to be repaid out of the profits of the Exhibition, if any. At the winding up of the entire business of the Exhibition, there was found to be a surplus on hand, after paying all expenses of administration. The Centennial Board of Finance took the ground that this belonged to the stockholders, who were entitled to share it pro rata. As no actual profits had been derived from the Exhibition, they viewed the subscriptions of the stockholders as a lien upon the surplus funds. The United States authorities, on the other hand, maintained that it was the clear intent of Congress in the act of February 16, 1876, advancing the $1,500,000, that the United States should be fully repaid before any dividends were made. To decide the question, an amicable suit was brought in the United States Court, and decided in the spring of 1877 in favor of the Government. The $1,500,000 was accordingly returned to the United States, the stockholders receiving about 25 per cent on their investments. The financial result of the Exhibition was more favorable than that of any other International Exhibition, except one.

The awards of the Exhibition for meritorious products were decided by a board of 225 judges, chosen from the most distinguished specialists in the several branches of art and science in this country and abroad. The results of the Exhibition, by the almost unanimous judgment of the public, at home and abroad, were in the highest degree successful. It brought together a far wider concourse of American people than was ever gathered on any other occasion. The great resources of the country were exhibited in a manner approximating, though not reaching, completeness. The administrative functions and the military and naval constructions of the Government were shown in a connected manner. The vast mechanical industries of the continent, assembled and illustrated in Machinery Hall, were in the highest degree impressive and instructive. The superiority of some of the foreign exhibits in decorative art and the finer class of manufactures, especially in ornamental articles, did much to stimulate emulation among our own artists and artisans. The educational effects of the Exhibition are beyond computation. Hardly one of the ten millions of visitors but must have learned something of real importance from this inexhaustible mine, to be stored up in memory. The whole Exhibition period, in short, was an epoch of national and international education. The good-will and friendly relations established between so many worthy representatives of most of the countries on the globe and our own people cannot fail to have permanent results in fostering the arts of peace and national brotherhood.

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Centennial International Exhibition at Philadelphia, 1876. Opened from May 10 to Nov. 10, 159 days. Total number of visitors, 9,910,966;

total receipts from admissions, $3,813,749.75.

DAYS OF LARGE ATTENDANCE.

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RECEIPTS FROM ROYALTIES, CONCESSIONS, ETC.

The total receipts of the Exhibition were :

From admission fees...

From concessions.

For percentages and royalties.

$3,813.749 75
289,900 00
205,010 75

$4,308,660 50

The following are given as the receipts from a part of the concession contracts:

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66

Manuel

THE following estimate of the total number of printed books which exist in all languages, is quoted in Gabriel Peignot's de Bibliophile,” vol. i., published 1823 :

Number of works from invention of printing (say 1450) to 1536...

42,000

Number of works, 2d century from invention of printing 1536-1636....

575,000

Number of works, 3d century from invention of printing, 1636-1736...

1,125,000

Number of works, 4th century from invention of printing,

1736–1822 (incomp.). ....

1,839,960

3,861,960

The first century was obtained by diligent computation from Maittaire, Panzer, and the other catalogues of publications of the fifteenth century. Passing then to the last century, and availing himself of all the literary and bibliographical journals, catalogues of booksellers and of libraries, etc., he arrives at the figures quoted, viz., 1,839,960. Using these as a basis for computation of the two intermediate centuries, of which no more approximate estimate could be made, from defect of data to proceed upon, he calculates the product of each quarter century in progressive ratio, and obtains the results above recorded. Estimating each work at an average of three volumes, the total product of the printed literature of the globe is about ten millions of volumes. Our literary cipherer next estimates that three fourths of the whole may have been destroyed by use, or accident, leaving in all the public and private libraries of the globe only 2,250,000 different volumes.

Peignot considers the estimate exaggerated, the facts vague, and their verification impossible.

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From the Financial Review, 1877.

COMPOUND INTEREST TABLE.

Showing the Accumulation of Principal and Interest on one Dollar, at various rates per Annum, from 3 to 10 per cent., the Interest being compounded semi-annually.

No. of

Years.

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1.0934 1.1261 1.1438 1.1596
1.1264 1.1715 1.1948 1.2184
1.1605 1.2188 1.2481 1.2800

$1.0302 $1.0404 $1.0455 $1.0506 $1.0609 $1.0712 $1.0743 $1.0816 $1.1025 1.0613 1.0821 1.0930 1.1028 1.1255 1.1475 1.1530 1.1692 1.2155 1.1940 1.2292 1.2387 1.2646 1.3400 1.2667 1.3168 1.3308 1.2678 1.4773 1.3439 1.4105 1.4298 1.4794 1.6237

6..

7

1.2317 1.3193

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1.3643 1.4264 1.3073 1.4231 1.4913 1.3463 1.4858 1.5592

1.9747

$1.1956 $1.2681 $1.3004 $1.3448 $1.4257 $1.5110 $1.5360 $1.6002 $1.7957
1.4123 1.5125 1.6186 1.6502 1.7307
1.4845 1.6047 1.7339 1.7729 1.8720 2.1827
1.5596 1.7024 1.8574 1.9047 2.0247 2,4064
1.6385 1.8061 1.9897 2.0462 2.1899 2.6530

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$1.6103 $1.8813 $2.0365 $2.2027 $2.5749 $3.0067 $3.1461 $3.5062 $4.7645

17.

18

19.

20.

1 6589 1.9604 2.1272 2.3142 2.7317 3.2208 3.3800 3.7923 5.2529 1.7031 2.0396 2.2240 2.4313 2.8981 3.4502 3.6312 4.1018 5.7883 1.7607 2.12.0 2.3252 2.5544 3.0746 3.6960 3.9011 4.4365 6.3816 1.8140 2.2078 2.4310 2.6837 3.2618 3.9592 4.1911 4.7985 7.0362

21.

22.

$1.8686 $2.2970 $2.5415 $2.8196 $3.4605 $4.2412 $4.5026 $5.1900 $7.7574 1.9253 2.3898 2.6572 2.9324 3.6712 4.5433 4.8373

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$2.1688 $2.8006 $3.1749 $3.6091 $4.6506 $5.9827 $6.4441 $7.6826 $12.6359 2.2344 2.9131 3.3193 3.7921 4.9338 6.4088 6.9231 8.3094 13.9311 2.3019 3.0318 3.4703 3.9341 5.2343 6.8653 7.4377 8.9875 15.3591 2.3715 3.1513 3.6282 4.1858 5.5531 7.3543 7.9906 9.7208 16.9334 2.4432 3.2818 3.7933 4.3977 5.8913 7.8781 8.5846 10.5143 18.6691

$2.5170 $3.4144 $3.9660 $4.6203 $6.2500 $8.4391 $9.2227 $11.3742 $20.5827
2.5931 3.5523 4.1465 4.8542 6.6307 9.0402 9.9087 12.3024 22.6924
2.6715 3.6958 4.3351
7.0345 9.6841 10.6453 13.3062 25.0184
2.7522 3.8451 4.5324
7.4629 10.3738 11.4366 14.3920 27.5828
2.8331 4.0005 4.7387
7.9174 11.1126 12.2867 15.5664 30.4081

5.3581
5.6294

$2.9211 $4.1621 $4.9543 $5.9144 $3.3996 $11.9041 $13.2000 $16.8367 $33.5249 3.00.04 4.3302 5.1798 6.2138 8.9111 12.7620 14.1811 18.2105 36.9612 3.1004 4.5052 5.4146 6.5284 9.4538 13.6709 15.2353 19.6965 40.7497 3.1941 4.6872 5.6610 6.8589 10.0295 14.6446 16.3677 21.3038 44.9266 3.2907 4.8766 5.9288 7.2061 10.6403 15.6877 17.5844 23.0422 49.5316

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$3.9345 $6.1858 $7.7430 $9.6915 $15.6257 $23.7052 $27.0369 $36.8813 $88.9516 4.0432 6.4357 8.0954 10.1822 16.5773 25.3936 29.0466 39.8908 98.0692 4.1655 6.6957 8.4638 10.6967 17.5868 27.2022 31.2057 43.1459 107.1213 4.2914 6.9662 8.8490 11.2383 18.6597 29.1397 33.5253 46.6666 118.1012 9.2516 11.8072 19.7941 31.2141 36.0154 50.4746 130.2066

[From Hill's Manual of Social and Business Forms, Chicago, 1875.]
STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS.

State Laws with Reference to Limitation of Actions, showing the Limit of Time on which Action may be brought.

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Kansas

Kentucky..
Louisiana.

Maine..

Maryland..

Massachusetts.

Michigan.

Minnesota..

Mississippi

Missouri..
Montana..
Nebraska.
Nevada..

New Hampshire

New Jersey..

New Mexico..

New York..

North Carolina..
Ohio..

Ontario (U. Canada)...
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Quebec (L. Canada).
Rhode Island.

South Carolina

Tennessee..

Texas..

Utah.

Vermont.

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West Virginia.

Wisconsin..

Wyoming...

TOM BROWN says of the ancient and singular custom of making fools of people on the 1st of April: "I never could inform myself what gave the first rise to so odd a frolic; but methinks they might let it alone: for since three parts in four of the people are fools every day in the year, what occasion is there to set a day apart for it ?"

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