Report Presented to the Council on the 3rd of October, 1871Simpkin, Marshall, 1871 - 254 páginas |
Términos y frases comunes
acid acres ammonia amount analysis Appendix XI ashes Ashpits covered Ashpits undrained Birmingham sewage Borough Surveyor cholera closets condition contained Corporation cost Council courts crops deodoriser deposit Deritend diarrhoea difficulty discharged diseases disposal drainage draining into Sewers Duddeston Edgbaston effect effluent water excrement excreta experience farmers feet fever filter filtration focal matter gallons gases houses human excreta injurious interception irrigation Ladywood Lane Leeds liquid Liverpool Manchester manufacturers manure midden system middens Nechells night soil nuisance Number of Public offensive opinion organic matter outfall pollution population portion precipitation present privies and ashpits purify purpose quantity of sewage question receptacles refuse removed river river Cole River Rea River Tame Road 11 Rochdale Romford rye grass Saltley sanitary sewage farm Sewage Inquiry Committee sewage irrigation sewage of Birmingham Shaw solid matter Street 13 sufficient sulphate of iron tanks tion town typhoid fever utilisation vegetation W.C.drain water-closets
Pasajes populares
Página 29 - It consists as shown in the diagrams of a common privy, with a small covered ashpit, from the top of which a ventilating shaft is taken to the roof of the house to which it is attached. The floor of the ashpit is of glazed earthenware absolutely watertight and its door, which is either at the side or back, is kept locked, and only opened by the night soil men when they come to empty it.
Página 55 - ... is precipitated by some of them, while they increase the hardness of the river water, a matter of great importance if the stream be a small one. " The manures that they produce are in every case very inferior, as may be expected from the known value of the sewage constituents that can be precipitated. They have all failed in producing valuable manure, because the valuable constituent of sewage par excellence is the ammonia, which, of course, invariably totally escapes in the effluent water, and...
Página 52 - ... no occasion, when we have seen it in operation, has this removal been so complete as to render the effluent sewage admissible into running water. " 2. The ABC process removes a very small proportion of the soluble polluting matter from sewage.
Página 75 - That with a properly constituted soil, well and deeply drained, nothing more would be necessary than to level the surface and divide it into four equal plots, each of which in succession would then receive the sewage for six hours. In this way...
Página 74 - these experiments also show that the process of purification is essentially one of oxidation, the (Organic matter being to a large extent converted into carbonic acid, water, and nitric acid ; hence the necessity for the continual aeration of the filtering medium, which is secured by intermittent downward filtration, but entirely prevented by upward filtration.
Página xv - The middens cover an area of thirteen and a half acres, and practically all of them, containing fwcal matter and solid and liquid refuse, are open to the air. Some of them are situated beneath houses or workshops, and large numbers are built against the walls of houses, which are thus permeated with the filthy liquid soaking through the walls. The consequence is that the sewers are constantly fouled by the drainage from the middens, and that the surface wells generally become the receptacles of sewage...
Página 49 - The defecated sewage is afterwards submitted to upward filtration through a stratum of calcined iron ore 8 inches thick.
Página 75 - ... 2. The whole of the manure ingredients of the sewage would be absolutely wasted. 3. The collection of solid faecal matters upon the surface of the soil, with no vegetation to make use of them, would probably give rise to a formidable nuisance, especially in hot weather.
Página 14 - At present it is common to find huge, wet, foetid middens uncovered, undrained, unemptied, some of them as deep and big as the foundations of an ordinary cottage. Few of them are covered, the inspector of nuisances thinking they are better left open.
Página 32 - ... of the excreta, so as to prevent it from fouling the atmosphere and being depreciated in value as a manure, which is effected by frequent removal of the receptacles prepared as above stated. The cinders and dry refuse from the houses are in like manner collected in common barrels or other receptacles, and when full the contents are tipped into a corporation cart and removed to the same depot or manufactory as the excreta, where they are sifted by a winnowing machine, which separates the cinders,...