The Dilemma of difference: a multidisciplinary view of stigma

Ablon adults Ainlay associated attitudes attributes avoid Barbarin Becker become behavior beliefs Chapter characteristics Chesler childhood cancer children with cancer cial consequences context cultural destigmatization developmental deviance disabled persons discussion effects ence example experience factors family members fear feel functioning Goffman historical homosexuality human differences ical identity ill child important indi interac interpersonal issues Jews label Lutsky matized mental illness mentally retarded moral multidisciplinary nature of stigma negatively evaluated nonstigmatized persons normal occur paraplegia parents particular peers perceivers perception perspective physically disabled prejudice preschoolers psychological racial reactions recipes relations relationships responses role sexual social cognition social comparison social control social environment social learning social learning theory social psychological social scientists society specific status stereotypes stig stigma and justice stigmatized groups stigmatized individuals stigmatized persons stigmatizing condition stigmatizing process structure study of stigma suggests theory tion traits typification understanding values viduals women