The Vibrational Spectroscopy of PolymersCambridge University Press, 1992 M07 16 - 326 páginas Describes the theory and practice of infrared and Raman spectroscopy as applied to the study of the physical and chemical characteristics of polymers. Its purpose is to give the beginning researcher in the field a firm foundation and a starting point for the study of more advanced literature. To this end the book concentrates on the fundamentals of the theory and nomenclature, and on the discussion of well-documented illustrations of these fundamental principles, including many now-classic studies in the subject. No previous knowledge of either polymers or vibrational spectroscopy is assumed. |
Contenido
Introduction | 1 |
12 Fundamentals of polymers | 2 |
121 Addition polymers | 3 |
122 Step growth polymers | 4 |
123 Regular chains and defect structures | 7 |
124 Polymer morphology and crystallization | 12 |
13 The infrared and Raman spectra of polymers | 14 |
14 The electromagnetic spectrum symbols and units | 17 |
447 Application to polymers | 150 |
45 Finite chains | 156 |
46 Overtone and combination frequencies Fermi resonance | 158 |
47 Further reading | 161 |
The characterization of polymers | 162 |
factor group analysis | 163 |
522 Polyvinyl chloride | 173 |
523 Polyvinylidene chloride | 180 |
15 Spectrometers and experimental methods in infrared spectroscopy | 18 |
152 The dispersive infrared spectrometer | 21 |
153 The Fourier transform spectrometer | 24 |
154 Sources detectors and polarizers | 27 |
155 The preparation of samples for transmission spectroscopy | 28 |
156 Reflection spectroscopy | 30 |
16 Spectrometers and experimental methods in Raman spectroscopy | 31 |
162 Sources and optical systems | 33 |
163 Monochromators and detectors | 34 |
164 Sample preparation and mounting | 36 |
17 Mathematical techniques for processing spectra | 38 |
18 Further reading | 41 |
Symmetry and normal modes of vibration | 42 |
212 Normal modes of vibration | 44 |
22 Symmetry and small molecules | 47 |
222 Point groups | 53 |
23 Group representations | 57 |
232 Reducible irreducible and equivalent representations | 60 |
233 Symmetry species and character tables | 63 |
234 Notation for symmetry species | 65 |
24 The number of normal modes of each symmetry species | 66 |
241 A reducible 3Ndimensional representation of the point group | 67 |
242 Reduction of the 3Ndimensional representation by the use | 69 |
243 The number of normal modes of each symmetry species | 70 |
25 Symmetry coordinates and internal coordinates | 74 |
26 Further reading | 78 |
The vibrational modes of polymers | 80 |
polyethylene | 81 |
descent in symmetry | 89 |
314 Helical molecules | 93 |
32 The vibrations of polymer crystals | 97 |
321 The nature of the factor group modes | 98 |
322 Factor group modes for crystalline PVC and polyethylene | 100 |
33 Further reading | 106 |
Infrared and Raman spectra | 107 |
412 Infrared absorption mechanism and selection rule | 109 |
413 The origin of Raman scattering | 111 |
414 Raman scattering and the rule of mutual exclusion | 113 |
Raman tensors | 117 |
42 Polarization effects | 120 |
422 Polarized Raman spectroscopy depolarization ratios | 122 |
43 Vibrational assignments | 125 |
432 Factor group analysis chain or local symmetry | 126 |
433 Group vibrations | 131 |
434 Model compounds | 134 |
44 Force fields and vibrational calculations | 137 |
441 The vibrational problem in Cartesian coordinates | 138 |
442 Generalized coordinates the Wilson G and F matrices | 139 |
443 Massweighted Cartesian coordinates and normal coordinates | 141 |
potential energy distributions | 143 |
445 Symmetry coordinates and internal symmetry coordinates | 145 |
446 Force fields and force constants | 146 |
524 Polytetrafluoroethylene | 185 |
525 Polystyrene | 194 |
526 Polyethylene terephthalate | 200 |
group frequencies | 203 |
polypropylene polyisobutene | 206 |
acetates acrylates methacrylates | 208 |
phenolic resins | 210 |
amides polyurethanes | 212 |
54 Quantitative analysis | 215 |
542 Copolymers of vinyl chloride or ethylene with vinyl acetate | 217 |
543 Styreneacrylonitrile copolymers and crosslinking in polystyrene | 218 |
55 Monomers and additives | 219 |
551 Caproclactam in Nylon 6 monomer and water in polymethyl methacrylate | 220 |
552 Additives in polyethylene and polypropylene | 222 |
56 The characterization of oxidation and degradation | 223 |
562 Resonance Raman studies of degradation in PVC | 224 |
57 Further reading | 226 |
The microstructure of polymers | 227 |
612 The determination of overall copolymer composition | 228 |
613 The characterization of sequence lengths | 231 |
62 Configurational and conformational isomerism | 234 |
623 Conformational isomerism | 238 |
63 Chain branching | 246 |
633 Polyvinyl chloride | 250 |
65 End groups | 251 |
651 Polyethylene | 252 |
652 Vinyl polymers | 254 |
653 Other polymers | 255 |
66 Hydrogen bonding | 256 |
662 Polyamides | 257 |
663 Polyurethanes | 258 |
664 Biopolymers | 262 |
67 Chain order and crystallinity | 264 |
672 Polyethylene | 265 |
673 Polyoxymethylene | 271 |
674 Polyvinyl chloride | 274 |
675 Lattice modes in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene | 276 |
676 Differentiation between crystallinity and chain order | 278 |
68 Chain folding in polyethylene | 280 |
69 Longitudinal acoustic modes | 286 |
610 Molecular orientation | 292 |
6102 Theoretical background | 293 |
6103 Orientation in polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate | 298 |
611 Further reading | 301 |
References for chapters 5 and 6 | 303 |
A note on the use of the indexes | 307 |
| 308 | |
| 309 | |
| 311 | |
| 313 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
The Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polymers David I. Bower,W. F. Maddams Sin vista previa disponible - 1989 |
Términos y frases comunes
A₁ absorbance absorption amorphous approximation assignments axes axis B₁ B₂ C₂ carbon atoms CH₂ cm ¹ cm-¹ cm¯¹ cm¹ components conformation conformational isomerism considered copolymers correlation splitting corresponding crystal crystalline degenerate dipole dispersion curves displacements eigenvectors equation ethylene factor group factor group modes force constants helical helix hydrogen atoms hydrogen bonds infrared and Raman infrared spectroscopy infrared spectrum intensity isotactic line group matrix mirror plane modes of vibration molecular molecule monomer normal modes observed orientation parallel peaks planar zig-zag point group polarization poly(vinyl chloride polyethylene polymer chain polymerization polypropylene polystyrene possible radiation Raman active Raman scattering Raman spectra Raman spectroscopy region repeat unit representation respect rotation sample shown in fig shows single chain spectrometer stretching mode structure studies subsection symmetry elements symmetry modes symmetry operations symmetry species syndiotactic temperature tensor unit cell usually values vector vibrational modes vibrational spectroscopy vinyl polymers wavelength Wavenumber