duly the quantity of wood being used for paper and pulp, and without investigating the matter or taking steps to enlighten himself on the subject the average reader supposes that we are the ones who are devastating the forests of this country. By referring to the Forest Service and reports of 1906 it is shown that less than 2 per cent of the annual consumption of all kinds of wood is used for pulp, and that a large percentage of that was unsalable for any other purpose than pulp on account of the size and its being limbs and tops of tree, so it is fair to suppose that less than 1 per cent really of the annual consumption is actually used for pulp and paper and much of it would be wasted entirely if it were not used for this purpose. This same service shows that wood other than spruce is increasing in use very rapidly and that spruce is really being relatively less used than it has been, which confirms our contention that the manufacturer will use what is cheapest and most necessary for the successful operation of his plant.

Reports made by this bureau estimate that we export from this country to foreign countries 5 per cent of the total consumption, while paper-pulp manufacturers use less than 2 per cent. In other words, if we should stop the exportation of lumber, it would more than make up for the amount used in pulp.

There is cut for railroad ties something like 7 per cent of the total cut of lumber. It is estimated that fire wood for domestic service amounts to twenty-five times as much as is used for pulp. So taking these figures, even if they are estimates, they show that the paper man has been criticised for something he is not responsible for. While many of these figures are estimates, the quantities used by the pulp man can be better checked as to quantity than any other use, as it is pretty well known how much wood it takes to make a ton of pulp or paper and how much of these two commodities are used per year.

The value on the importation of wood into this country on a certain valuation in 1907 was, roughly, $2,800,000. The exports of forest products for the same period was $33,000,000.

The average freight rate from Canadian mills to the markets of the United States is about the same as it is from the shipping points of the American mills to the same markets, thus showing that with no duty to pay they would be practically on the same basis as to cost of delivery.

In 1907 there appears to have been a concerted movement on the part of many Canadians to prohibit by law the exportation of any wood for pulp purposes from the Dominion of Canada. The interviews, as printed by the Globe, of Toronto, from time to time do not show that all producers of lumber were in favor of this action, and we quote from an interview with the Hon. Senator Edwards, head of the W. C. Edwards & Co. (Limited), manufacturers of lumber, who have immense establishments at Ottawa and Rockland, as follows:

The senator favored a policy of making all the forest lands available for operation, and their intelligent working under proper regulations and supervision, as distinct from the idea of some people that the plan to be adopted was the clearing off of the forests as rapidly as possible, with a view to making room for settlement. There was no reason why, under an intelligent system, the forest crop of Canada, as it might be called, should not be everlasting. His company, he said, was going to build in the Gaspe district of the St. Lawrence a pulp mill and lumbering establishment where these ideas would

be carried out to a still more scientific extent than was now the case on their limits. Under the direction of a forester of standing and experience it was intended to show that it would be practicable to keep the establishment going by simply cutting the annual forest growth.

On the other hand, Sir William Van Horne, largely interested in the largest paper-making plant in Canada, at Grand Mere, Quebec, takes the other side of the question, and we quote from his remarks as follows:

Another important American holding in Canada is that of the Burgess Sulphite and Fiber Company and the Berlin Mills Company, of Berlin, N. H. I do not know the extent of the timber limits belonging to these companies, but it is large, and they have acquired the Lachute water power, on the St. Maurice River, for the purpose of a "rossing mill" for barking pulp wood to be shipped to the New Hampshire mills, the barking being done to save the freight charges. The Battle Island Sulphite and Fiber Company, of Oswego, N. Y., also holds limits on the St. Lawrence, the extent of which I do not know. Many paper concerns in the United States, besides those I have mentioned, are buying Canadian pulp wood, ground pulp, and sulphite fiber to eke out their supply. Without the Canadian supply of pulps and pulp wood many of the American mills would have to shut down very soon. If they can not get our pulps or pulp wood they must eventually come to Canada to make paper, and every paper mill established in Canada means a town of from 5,000 to 15,000 people, and a great addition to the wealth of the country.

I should not dare to estimate the value of Canada's spruce timber ten years hence if some policy were adopted by the dominion or the provincial governments which would, directly or indirectly, prevent the export of raw wood. The American owners of Canadian limits estimate the possibilities as highly as I do. They do not hesitate to buy Canadian timber limits, because they know that in the event of the adoption in Canada generally of a policy like that of Mr. Hardy's in Ontario, they would profit immensely from their timber holdings. I hold that this tremendously valuable asset should be preserved in every possible way; that the Provinces having timber should regard it as a permanent crop and apply well-considered regulations to the cutting from crown lands, with a view to promoting the growth of the young timber and to the prevention of forest fires, and that the areas reserved for the growth of timber should be carefully marked out and withdrawn from settlement. This would leave an abundance of land available for settlement for a long time to come in all of the timbered districts, for there are everywhere areas which have been either burnt over or cut so clean as to leave no hope of a new growth.

In the Province of Quebec, and perhaps this is true of other Provinces, a real or pretending settler may take up land for farming purposes in any timber limit, and in such a case the owner of the license is given one year within which to cut such timber as the law permits to be cut from crown lands, after which the settler may cut the rest. There is no reason to believe that in the Province of Quebec, if not elsewhere, lands have been so taken by pretending settlers at the instance of jobbers in logs or pulp wood, the settler abandoning the land as soon as he has cut all that he finds worth cutting.

I do not think there would be any danger of retaliation on the part of the United States in the event of some such policy as I have outlined being carried out. I can see no possible ground for retaliation on the part of the United States in view of the precedents which they have themselves established, and I can think of no form of retaliation that would not be much more damaging to themselves than to us, and they are not given to foolishness of that kind. So far as tariffs go, I do not see that they could make them worse, for the Dingley tariff, which is still in force, was framed for the purpose of excluding everything from Canada which the United States did not need, such as timber, pulp wood, ground and sulphite pulp, etc.

We do not agree fully with Sir William, but the fact of free paper and pulp would mean the building of large plants in Canada, which, in the course of a few years, would put the American manufacturer out of business through overproduction and their inability to manufacture cheaper.

The manufacturers of paper and pulp believe that justice will be done to the industry by your committee. We believe the facts brought out by the so-called "Mann Investigating Committee" will be of very great service to your committee in arriving at a conclusion as to what is due to the industry in the United States as a whole. We desire to furnish your committee with any information in our power that you may wish, and shall hold ourselves in readiness at any time to respond to any inquiry you may make, either by letter or in person. AMERICAN PAPER AND PULP ASSOCIATION,

By ARTHUR C. HASTINGS, President.

Rogers Paper Manufacturing Company (Incorporated), The South

Manchester,

Conn.
Woodland, Me.
Watertown, N. Y.
New York City.
Lee, Mass.
Menasha, Wis.
Watertown, N. Y.
Holyoke, Mass.
Kaukauna, Wis.
New York City.
Boston, Mass.
Bogota, N. Y.
New York City.
New York City.
Fulton, N. Y.
Wanaque, N. J.
New York City.
Sartell, Minn.
Brokaw, Wis.
Skaneateles, N. Y.
Carthage, N. Y.
Dalton, Mass.
New York City.
Boston, Mass.
Skaneateles, N. Y.
Oregon City, Oreg.
Stevens Point, Wis.
Appleton, Wis.
Woronoco, Mass.
Mittineague, Mass.
New York City.