pretation be more rational than what has gone before, or that conclusion more logical, are questions whose decision must rest with my readers. If, however, my book has any peculiarity, it is its method. It is a comparative study. It is an attempt to apply the method, which has been found so productive in the domain of Natural Science, to Political Science and Jurisprudence. I do not claim to be the first author who has made this attempt. It is the method chiefly followed by the German publicists. In the French, English, and American literatures, it is, on the other hand, relatively Boutmy, Bryce, Dicey, Moses, and Wilson have, indeed, already broken the ground, but the field is capable of a much wider, and also a more minute, cultivation. new. It is here that I have chosen to lay out my work, and I trust it will be found that some slight advance has been made in the development of the comparative method in the treatment of this domain of knowledge. My most grateful acknowledgment for aid in the preparation of this work is due to my friend and colleague, Prof. Dr. Munroe Smith, who, in the midst of other arduous duties, has read the proof sheets of the entire text, and has made many most invaluable criticisms and suggestions upon it, which, almost without exception, have been accepted and incorporated in the work. My most sincere thanks are also due to my friend and former pupil, Dr. Robert Weil, who has, with great care and fidelity, verified all the references, and prepared the table of contents, the table of cases, and the index. His kindly aid has greatly lightened my labors, and his exactness has preserved me against many an error. WINOOSKI HIGHLANDS, MONTPELIER, VT., August, 1890. JOHN W. BURGESS. Explanation of the definition: geographic unity and ethnic unity defined Where the geographic and ethnic unities coincide the nation becomes a Definition of the term "nation" and "nationality": only Europe and North America will be treated herein. I. The geographic unities of The Geographic Unities of North America. 1. The Mexican Tableland; 2. The Atlantic Slope; 3. The South Pacific Slope; 4. The North II. The Ethnographic Unities of Europe. 1. The Ethnography of the Iberian The Ethnographic unities of the second, third and fifth geographic unities 18-21 III. The correspondence of the political divisions with the physical and 2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; 3. France, Belgium, 4. Italy; 5. The Balkan Peninsula: Greece and Turkey 6. The Scandinavian Peninsula: Sweden and Norway 7. The Central District: The German Empire, Denmark, Luxemburg, Switzerland, Holland, Austria, the eastern part of Russia 8. The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Servia 28, 29 Principles of political psychology. The nations of modern Europe and the 1. Political psychology of the Greek and Slav: community sovereignty; 2. Of the Celt: Clanship their highest political organization; they also 3. Of the Latin: the Universal Empire their great political institution; 38, 39 The disintegration of a state occupying several geographic unities. The development of ethnic homogeneity in a state composed of several 2. Teutonic nations are particularly endowed with the capacity for estab lishing national states; and hence are entrusted with the mission of 3. Interference in the affairs of peoples that manifest incapacity to solve the problem of political civilization with completeness, is justifiable BOOK II. THE STATE. CHAPTER I. THE IDEA AND THE CONCEPTION OF THE STATE. Distinction between the idea of the state and the concept of the state. Definition of the term "state" from the standpoint of the concept I. Principles according to which the portions of mankind forming states are II. Peculiar characteristics of the state 1. All-comprehensiveness; 2. Exclusiveness; 3. Permanence; 4. Sov- Characteristics of sovereignty: (a) It is unlimited (b) It is the source and support of individual liberty The principle of the sovereignty of the state is opposed because publicists CHAPTER II. THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE. Confusion in the minds of publicists between state and government In the transition from one form of state to another, the point of sovereignty moves from one body to another: the example of English history . Bluntschli confounds state and government: the Compound State (Zusam- Criticism of the Compound State and its subdivisions: states having colonies or vassal provinces; states in personal union The confederacy; the federal state, so-called Social conditions which precede and make possible the democratic state 81, 82 Proposition of von Holtzendorff in Principien der Politik: the three ends of the state But the state must from time to time re-adjust the relation of government to The doctrine of natural rights; liberty does not exist outside of state organ- Recapitulation of the ends of the state in historical order: government, lib- 888 BOOK III. THE FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN, THE UNITED STATES, GER- Reasons for treating this topic as a subject of Political Science instead of as one of Public Law; why the constitutions of these states are chosen Wherein the constitution of Great Britain differs from that of other states It is the product of the Revolutionary change of the year 1832 91, 92 |