The Principles and Practice of Land Drainage: Embracing a Brief History of Underdraining; a Detailed Examination of Its Operation and Advantages: a Description of Various Kinds of Drains, with Practical Directions for Their Construction: the Manufacture of Drain-tile, Etc. ...R. Clarke & Company, 1888 - 454 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
absorbed acre agricultural alkali ammonia amount bottom bushels calcareous canals carbonic acid cecidomyia cent clay clay soil clayey condition crop cultivated deepens the soil depth discharge ditch drain water drainage drained land drained soil drainers drought earth evaporation experiments fall farm farmer feet deep field filled filtration four feet friability frost germination Gorlitz ground heat Holmfield humus impervious inches Jethro Tull laid length lime loam loamy sand soil loamy soil magnesia main drain manure means mellow mgrms minor drains moisture mole plow observations Ohio particles phosphoric acid plants pores porous portion potash quantity rain rainfall retain rods roots saturated season silicic acid solution spring stagnant water stones strata stratum sub-main subsoil surface swamp temperature three feet tile tion trench underdraining undrained vegetable wheat Width 1 foot Width 2 feet Width Width winter Yards
Pasajes populares
Página 112 - ... without diminution or alteration. No proprietor has a right to use the water to the prejudice of other proprietors, above or below him, unless he has a prior right to divert it, or a title to some exclusive enjoyment. He has no property in the water itself, but a simple usufruct while it passes along. ' Aqua currit et debet currere
Página 27 - ... 4. Direction of the minor drains ' down the steep,' and that of the mains along the bottom of the chief hollow — tributary mains being provided for the lesser hollows. The reason assigned for the minor drains following the line of steepest descent, was, that ' the stratification generally lies in sheets, at an angle to the surface.' " 5. As to material — Stones preferred to tiles and pipes.
Página 253 - ... feet of retentive soil comes out pure. But to return to our wheat. In the first case, it shrinks before the cold of evaporation and the cold of water of attraction, and it sickens because its feet are never dry; it suffers the usual maladies of cold and wet. In the second case, the excess of cold by evaporation is withdrawn ; the cold water of attraction is removed out of its way ; the warm air from the surface, rushing in to supply the place of...
Página 390 - ... to be necessary, and that the same is demanded by, or will be conducive to the public health, convenience and welfare, shall proceed to locate and establish such ditch, drain or water-course...
Página 249 - ... in agricultural Britain. This temperature is little affected by summer heats, for the following short reasons. Water, in a quiescent state is one of the worse conductors of heat with which we are acquainted.
Página 110 - Of course all these injurious effects are at once overcome by thorough draining, the result of which is to establish a direct communication between the interstitial canals and the drains, by which means it follows that no water can remain any length of time in these canals without, by its gravitation, finding its way into the drains.
Página 249 - The small portion warmed expands, becomes lighter than that below, consequently retains its position on the surface, and carries no heat downwards. To ascertain the mean heat of the air at the surface of the earth, over any extended space, and for a period of eight or nine months, is no simple operation. More elements enter into such a calculation than we have space or ability to enumerate ; but we know certainly that for seven months in the year, air, at the surface of the ground, is seldom lower...
Página 109 - Not only are the pores filled, but the interstitial canals are likewise full, and the consequence is that the whole process of the germination and growth of vegetables is materially interfered with. We shall here, therefore, briefly state the injurious effects of an excess of water, for the purpose of impressing more strongly on your minds the necessity of thorough draining, as the first and most essential step towards the improvement of your soil.
Página 250 - We have heard, with much satisfaction, that Mr. Parkes is, by means of his numerous staff stationed at the works which he is carrying on in many parts of Great Britain, Ireland, and (we believe) France, conducting a series of experiments on the temperatures of water of drainage, which tend to show an increase in some proportion to the length of time for which the drainage has been executed. We know no experiments connected with agriculture to the result of which we look with more hopeful expectation....
Página 106 - The first thing which occurs after the sowing of the seed is, of course, germination ; and before we examine how this process may be influenced by the condition of the soil, we must necessarily obtain some correct idea of the process itself. The most careful examination has proved that the process of germination consists essentially of various chemical changes, •which require, for their development, the presence of air, moisture, and a certain degree of warmth. Now it is obviously unnecessary for...