has, for many years, attained a supremacy in this respect; the Ives' Seedling has recently presented claims which are beginning to be acknowledged; the Hartford Prolific is one of the earliest varieties, and largely cultivated as such; but all of these are popular, simply because they are hardier than otherwise superior varieties of their class; were it not so, we should all most certainly prefer the Adirondack, the earliest of all good grapes, the Catawba, so well known for its excellent qualities, the Iona, the highest flavored grape in the list, the Rebecca and Maxatawny, white grapes that, when in perfection, may be compared to a Golden Chasselas, as also several of Rogers' Hybrids, which practically may be referred to this class for their main characteristics of growth and habit.

pressing any emphatic opinion; this question is still a subject of inquiry with botanists— whether it is a cause or consequence of disease. My observations lead me to the conclusion that it is both; one thing, however, is certain, that fruit-growers must sooner or later recognize in fungoid growths their great-` est enemy to success.

As closely connected with this subject, it may not be out of place here to mention a circumstance that deeply concerns pomologists as a body. I allude to the exceedingly vague and loose, if not untruthful expressions, constantly used in the description of new grapes. I question whether amongst all the numerous new varieties that have been introduced during the past fifteen years, any one of them has been described without special mention having been made of its entire exemption from mildew. It is charitable to suppose that this may be true in certain localities, but it is not the whole truth; and to presume that any one variety of fruit, grain, or vegetable esculent can be found to adapt itself equally well over a country whose climates extend from the frigid to the torrid zones, is utterly inconsistent with our knowledge of vegetable economy.

THE TEETH OF THE HORSE.-A horse has forty teeth-twenty-four double teeth, or grind

This section of our native grapes has received more attention than any of the others; the size of the berries and fine appearance of the bunches have encouraged a disposition to improvement, and many of the later seedlings are of superior quality, but they are more subject to disease than many others of the American species. Even in their native habits the wild fox grapes of the woods will be found suffering from the same rot and mildew so prevalent among their more civilized descendants. And here, I would remark, that a wide field lies open for improving our native grapes, a field that has scarcely been traders, four tushes, or single file teeth, and twelve upon. I allude to the hybridization of the native species with each other, in contradistinction to the use of the foreign grape for this purpose, which only tends to perpetuate the diseases to which the foreign grape is liable in this climate. We have in the Delaware grape an example of what may be expected from this combination of American species-a hybrid between the Vitis Labrusca and Vitis Estavalis; it partakes of the tendency to leaf-mildew of the former, the freedom from rot in the berry of the latter, and a fruit superior to both. Great results await us in this direction. Place a berry having the size and fine appearance of the Concord or the Union Village on the bunch of Norton's Virginia Seedling or the Devereaux, combining all their good qualities, and there is nothing Quixotic in the expectation of realizing a fruit that will equal, in its magnificent dimensions, the famed grape of Syria.

With regard to the origin of fungoid diseases, I have designedly refrained from ex

front teeth, called gatherers. As a general thing, mares have no tushes. Between two and three years old, the colt sheds his four middle teeth-two above and two below. After three years old two other teeth are changed, one on each side of those formerly shed; he now has eight colt's teeth, and eight horse's teeth; when four years of age he cuts four new teeth. At five years old the horse sheds his remaining colt's teeth, four in number, when his tushes appear. At six years of age his tushes are up, appearing white, small and sharp, while a small circle of young growing teeth is observable. The mouth is now complete. At eight years of age the teeth have filled up, the horse is aged, and his mouth is said to be full.

D. Lee, of Knox county, Tennessee, writes to the Country Gentleman that fair timbered mountain land can there be bought in large tracts at from $50 to $100 per thousand acres or five to ten cents per acre.

We have frequently urged upon our readers the “small industries,” which will produce large yields, with comparatively small outlay. Our land in the blue grass section is too high-priced for any money to be made on the cereals or mean stock. Lands worth onetenth of ours will rival our best land in corn and grain. We must either raise thoroughbred stock or turn our attention to the culture of those things, which require fertile soil and careful attention. We must make our own cheese and export quantities of it. We must plant more fruit trees-cultivate more land in gardens; try to raise hops, turn attention to the poultry yard; make the bees our laborers. Our farmers must cultivate fewer acres and in better style. They really are ignorant of the vast wealth contained in their lands.

We give the following extract from a New Jersey paper, quoted in De Bow's Review, as an evidence of how much profit may be in a small crop:

ticle of care since the vines were planted, yielded this year one hundred bushels to the acre. Another of six acres, belonging to Mr. William Allen, which yielded this year its first full crop, produces about two hundred bushels to the acre. These figures seem astonishing, but one has only to see the bog, and notice the perfect mass of fruit to have all doubts removed. The cranberry crop of a single township in Ocean county, will reach this year 10,000 bushels. The value of these lands when in vines is something remarkable. The Messrs. Gowdy has refused $1,250 per acre, cash for a bog, the vines of which are two and three years old.

acre.

As soon as the bog are in vines they are valued at $700 to $1,000 per acre; $1,000 per acre has been repeatedly refused for bogs which have been in vines two or three years. The reason for this is obvious. The lowest estimate for all bearing bog, is 100 bushels per The average is from 50 to 160 bushels "It will be borne in mind that the savanna above this. Take 100 bushels for an average and bottom, or boggy lands of New Jersey, yield. The cost of picking is 50 cents per Iying in Ocean, Burlington, Atlantic, Camden bushel. The cost of cultivating, after second and Cape May counties, are the best known year, will not average $5 per acre. The presfor the culture of the cranberry. It is also ent wholesale price of cranberries is $5 per generally stated that those of Ocean and Bur- bushel, or a net yield of $450 per acre, at the lington counties are the best in New Jersey, lowest possible estimate per year; or an interthose in the southern section of the State, forest of 45 per cent, per year on an estimated some reason, not being as productive as in the value of $1,000 per acre. counties referred to. The lands used for its culture are the soft, spongy lands. Before the introduction of cranberry culture, they were comparatively valueless, now they range in price from $25 to $100 per acre.

But the average is above this. The yield, when the vines are three years old, and for a long series of years, will almost certainly reach 150 bushels per acre. The cranberry is not like strawberries, peaches, etc., perishable fruit, but can be easily kept for a year. In the spring the price often reaches $10 per bushel. Take these figures, and you have a return of say 1,400 net per acre per year, an interest of 50 per cent, on $1,000.

Those lands having a running stream of water are the most valuable, as it is of importance to be able to flood the grounds during the late fall and winter, in order to kill grass and vermin, and to protect the vines from frost. In dry summers, it is necessary in order to It is not possible that the market can ever preserve the moisture without flooding the be glutted with this fruit. The small area land to fill the lateral ditches with water. which can be employed in this culture, and the This will moisten the ground sufficiently. To fact that the European market has been openflood the bog in summer will involve the scald-ed to its sale, and that the berries are now used ing of the vines. for dyeing purposes, forbids the thoughts that

To prepare for wines, the tree and brush are they can fail to command a good price conremoved, the land turned, and the roots grub-tinually. But there is a wide margin for fallbed out. Lateral ditches are dug from the ing off in price, and large returns secured.”— main stream, dividing the ground into square Lexington Observer plats, and the plats are sufficiently raised at the centre to cause the rains to flow off.

A machine which will remove the pits

The yield of berries is astonishing. A bog from 100 cherries in a minute, has been inof a few acres which had not received a par-vented in Germany.

worth, her Life and Writings. Amendment of the Anglican Rubric. The late Thomas Drummond. The Session and its Sequel.

The Commissioner of Agriculture. The name of Col. Horace Capron is not a new one to the pages of the American Farmer. Twenty years ago he was one of the most enterprising and thorough farmers of Maryland. In the early Exhibitions of the State Agricul

Also BLACKWOOD's for November, with Brownlows No. XI. At the Alps again. Conversation. Linda Tressel, Part II, Rey-tural Society his splendid herd of Shorthorns,

nolds and the Portrait Painters of the last century. Cornelius O'Dowd. Women in the Middle Ages. The Impending Crisis in

America.

RICHMOND ECLECTIC.-We notice that this excellent publication is to be removed to Baltimore, and some change of name is to be made, but no material change in management

and character.

with that of the late Charles B. Calvert, and the long famous Devons of George Patterson, Esq, made the chief attractions of the show. His farming operations around Laurel, where hundreds of acres of poverty stricken land were brought to a condition of fertility equal to that of the best lands of the State, were in the mouth of every one who interested himself in Maryland agriculture. They constituted indeed one of the chief features of that

We are obliged to omit many literary upward movement in the agriculture of the

notices for want of room.

State, which exhibited itself in the ten fold increase of blooded stock at later shows, and MAUPAY, HACKER & Co's CALENDER AND in the greatly increased value of our lands. SEED MANUAL.-A very convenient and useOne of the most interesting and valuable ful illustrated calender for 1868, with notes agricultural discussions which have ever been and directions adapted to Northern and South-published in this country, was that which took ern States, may be had on application to the proprietors, Nos. 803 and 805 Market street, Philadelphia.

SOUTHERN PLANTER.-We see with pleasure that the Richmond Farmer, published by Elliott & Shields, is to be merged into our good friend, the Planter, which will be known

hereafter as the SOUTHERN PLANTER AND FARMER. We hope and do not doubt, our esteemed contemporary will be much profited by this union of heretofore divided interests. It will be observed that we receive subscrip

tions for the Planter at club rates.

place in the pages of the American Farmer, through many months, between Col. Capron on the one hand, in defence of his system of Wilson M. Carey, of Baltimore Co., attacking high-farming and liberal expenditure, and Col. that system, and maintaining the wisdom of a more slow and cautious policy. A number of agricultural writers were drawn incidentally into the discussion, and gave additional life and interest to it. We shall, perhaps, at an early time give a sketch of this controversy.

of Col. Capron's peculiar qualifications, a sucWe anticipate, from our personal knowledge cessful administration of this important office, and in the meantime bespeak for him the confidence of the friends of agriculture.

CREDITS.-We crave indulgence of whom it may concern, for the occasional failure to give proper credit for matter selected from Winthrop W. Chenery, Esq., a well contemporaries. This often happens, we be-known importer and breeder of blooded stock, lieve, with those who are most careful in this respect. In December we remark the wellprepared article headed “The Harvest of 1867 throughout the world," on which there does not appear any indication of its source. Our impression is that the credit is due to that able commercial paper the U. S. Economist of New York.

Agricultural Society in Carroll Co.-We note with pleasure the inauguration of an Agricultural society in Carroll county, following the lead of Washington and Frederick.

favours us with a Catalogue of his Highland Stock Farm, Belmont, Middlesex Co., Mass. Among his breeding stock for the present season are a highly-bred trotting stallion "Belmont Eclipse," thorough bred stallion "Highland Chief," imported Holstein or Dutch bull "Van Tromp," imported Texel or Mouton Flandrin" ram "Rip Van Winkle," imported Angora (shawl) buck "Grand Turk."

The Farmer's Almanac for 1868, adapted to latitude 40 and meridian of Baltimore, by J. R. Ruth & Co. See advertisement.

Central Industrial Association of Mississippi. cident to the clover, as not seldom occurs, the —This association, as we learn from proceed-ground is nearly bare for one or two seasons. ings published in the Weekly Clarion of Jack-In a large portion of Maryland the clover a few son, Miss., was permanently organized at that place by the adoption of a constitution, and election of officers.