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bearers of a memorial to the late viceroy, Said Pasha, praying his highness to use every possible effort to encourage the cultivation of cotton.-The reply was characteristic, and evinced a correct impression and almost a prophetic dread of the revolution that would be produced by an immoderately enhanced price for cotton. He said, "Prices alone will prove a sufficient stimulus without any effort on my part; but God forbid that I should ever see the abandonment of the ordinary succession of crops for the production of cotton, to the exclusion of those products on

which we subsist.

"Within a short period from that time Egypt, which had ever been a large exporter of grain, of beans, &c., had to seek food from other countries, and became an extensive importer. Grain was considerably dearer in the interior than at Alexandria. In some places absolute famine ensued. An undesirable change was wrought, the recovery from which will be as slow as its accomplishment was rapid. The value of land was quadrupled; wages rose in an equal ratio; laborers earned so easily sufficient for their wants that they became indolent; an excessive luxury sprang up, and that not of a nature to benefit the commercial world, being displayed in a demand for white slave girls, costly pipes, and such other appliances which, the consul remarks, do not much benefit the industrious world without. "Meanwhile the land, from the constant crops of cotton in succession, has become impoverished. Cotton, however, has long been, and must continue to be, the most important production of Egypt. It is sown in March or April, and arrives at maturity in August or September. An average yield in good summers is three hundred pounds to the acre; the New Orleans variety has been found to yield eight hundred pounds per acre; but it is found unmarketable, and is, therefore, little cultivated. Cotton seed has become an important source of profit. In 1858, the ardeb of two hundred and seventy pounds sold for twenty-five tariff piastres; now it sells for from sixty-five to seventy-five piastres. Formerly it was not of sufficient value to justify its being sent to Alexandria, and it was used as fuel; now it is all shipped to Europe, and from it is pressed an excellent oil, and from the refuse a cake is made which is said to be more nutritious than linseed cake. The cattle murrain, which commenced in Egypt before it proved so severe a Scourge in England, destroyed, the first year, eight hundred thousand head of horned cattle. In lower Egypt almost every animal was destroyed, and it will take years to restore the number of animals."

Canning Fruits.

First-can the fruit the same day it is gathered. More than half the secret of having fine preserved fruit lies in this simple direction.

Second-Never can fruit without adding as much sugar to it as you would to prepare it for the table. This is imperative, else your fruit will inevitable be leathery; cook it in, I should say, at the rate of one-quarter of a pound to every pound of fruit at least; but taste and try, as I did, and when it suits your palate cease from all

saccharine matter.

And now for the modus operandi:—pare and extract the pit; cut into halves and plunge into cold water until ready to cook, else your peaches will be black; this, of course does not apply to other kinds of fruit. Place your cans in any vessel where they can stand at least half way up in boiling hot water, which keep so until sealed. I usually take a large dripping-pan and put it on top of the stove at one side, while my preserving kettle is on the other. Make your sirup and when it comes to a boil, put in your peaches and let them cook (if clings) until you can pierce with a piece of broom corn; if freestones, when the sirup boils up over them the first time, skim out and put into the cans. When the latter are full of the peaches, fill up with boiling hot sirup, wipe off the tops with a rag wet with cold water, being careful that no juice remains on them, then put on the covers, remove from the water to the stove hearth, and seal.

Everything must be hot from the beginning to the end-hot sirup, hot cans, hot fruit, hot sealing wax, and harder than all, hot and blowzy hands and faces just when the thermometer is at blood heat in the shade!

All small fruits are subject to the same process, except that the rule for them is simply to allow them to come to a boil, and not remain longer and flavors, require more sugar, and to be put in the sirup. Strawberries, to retain their color into glass, stone, earthen, or any thing but tin. The same is true of blackberries.-Tomatoes I scald, peel, and then bring to a boil again, with a little salt added, when I put them in new tin, and seal. I have never been fortunate with glass or earthen. If sione jars are used be sure that you buy dark colored, well baked and glazed ones, not the yellow.-Farmers' Advertiser.

Cows should always be milked regularly and clean.

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OCTOBER.

"Thine, Autumn, is unwelcome lore-
To tell the world its pomp is o'er;

To whisper in the rose's ear,
That all her beauty is no more.

"The lily's sword is broken now,

That was so bright and keen before-
And not a blast can blow, but strews
With leaf of gold, the earth's dark floor."

Editorial Gossip from the Farm.

Weather, Potato Rot, Grapes, Cheval Gras, &c. DEAR FARMER: It was said long ago of us country people, "their talk is of bullocks;" let it be acknowledged, that our thoughts are now raised above the old theme, when we have them always on the clouds, or on the sunshine as it occasionally peers through them. "Wet weather, sir." "A foggy morning, sir." "Very hot sun to-day." So we greet one another, and so it is, up to how late in September, we do not now say The corn gets the good of it, at any rate, and is doing better than we hoped last month. The ears are filling out finely.

Vol. II.-No. 4.

and opinion here has been always favourable to early planting in this regard, but the objection to it is the poor turn-out. These Harrison's, Goodrich's, and others, may allow of the earliest planting, and still give very productive crops. Ours could as well have been planted on the first of March as of May, and been off the ground by first of August, giving place to turnips or any fall or winter crop. We will bear in mind, however, that this season is exceptional; it is not often there is one so favourable throughout to the growth of this crop, but if these new potafrom rot, Mr. Goodrich will have proved himself, toes shall give us respectable early crops, safe indeed, a benefactor.

Of grapes, let it be said that notwithstanding hot suns and continued moisture, the Concords are ripening with very little loss. Mr. William Griffith, whose article is found on another page, claims that his Lake Shore region is the Canaan all the better sort, shall gladden the hearts of of grape growers, where Delawares, Ionas, and the happy who dwell there, while only Concords and the baser kind shall comfort the Egyptians. We do not give up to him this point, and do not, of course, give up the Delaware or Iona. Catawba is a dead failure, dropping its leaves, and leaving the fruit all green. Of Adirondac, and Salem, and others, we will say more some time hence, but in the meantime, while there is no

Bad news comes from various quarters of rotting potatoes. I get no damage as yet. A small planting of Harrison's, planted about first of May, have come out sound and beautiful, and the ground cleared of them by the first of Sep-worse plague in Egypt than a bunch of Concords, tember, and yielding at the rate of twenty to one. Early Goodrich, not so productive, but the same result otherwise. Peach Blows planted two weeks sooner are green and growing still. A very intelligent French experimentalist writes lately, that he can, with certainty, protect his potatoes against rot, by planting in February,

well ripened in Maryland soil by Maryland sun, we are likely to linger by her flesh pots-more especially as so many other Egyptians have the same poor taste, and are willing to buy at a paying price, and we are sure to have a plenty to sell.

Speaking of taste, how submissive we are to

habit, or rather to our notions or prejudices. Great objection is made to swine's flesh, because it is said the hog is an unclean animal, and truth to say, he is not always so nice as he might be, but has excellent capabilities in the way of ham, sausage, &c., but what say our squeamish friends to horseflesh? Don't turn up your nose, good sir. There's never a cleaner animal surely. But your mental associations suggest that unpleasant carcass left by the roadside, and so your nose settles the question and not yourself. But Frenchmen rise above such weakness. Cheval is an article of diet in France. Chevaux gras contribute tons of wholesome food to her labouring people, who have been taught to eat it by French savans.

A writer, giving an account of several cattle shows he had visited, says: "Il nous reste a parler de l'exposition des chevaux gras." At the town of Nancy, it seems, among the other attractions, was a competition of fat horses destined for the butcher. "M. Pincaud, the butcher of Nancy, was the exhibitor of the filly, twenty-seven months old, weighing 8 cwt., and of the thirteen year old horse, weighing nearly 11 cwt.; both of which were paraded about decked with gar

lands and flowers."

In Paris, we are told, there are now fifteen butcher shops for the sale of horseflesh; four restaurants, where it undergoes scientific culinary treatment, which the public much appreciates; and five sausage shops, whose specialty is often better than the common sausages, though sold at half price. So many shops are opening that it is feared the supply will become irregular, and that, consequently, the price will rise. The Provinces have followed the example of the capital, and the trade in horseflesh has sprung up to such an extent, that men go about buying horses for the butcher markets. It is looked upon not only as a most valuable addition to the meat supply of the country, but as adding materially to the value of agricultural products, since a "done" horse, or as we should say, a "used up" horse, that is, one healthy and sound in other respects, but damaged in his feet or legs, is increased in value many fold, so that t is said a horse, useless from age or accident, which sold formerly at seven francs, will now bring at the butcher's one hundred francs.

Lest it may be thought, that I am riding the cheval too long considering the state of his legs, I hand him over to the digestion of the reader, only claiming that when he sits down to a dinner of pony, I may be there "to see."

Yours truly, &c.

Farm Work for the Month.

TOBACCO CROP.

Our notes for the past months give all the necessary directions up to this time. If they have been attended to, there is little to be done-but press forward and close up the labor of housing by the 10th. Look carefully to the hanging in the house. Let it not be put so close, but that each plant will hang clear of the other when it has wilted. When damp nights with foggy mornings occur, close the doors at sundown and open at sunrise; also in all rainy or damp weather, and in high winds, which beat and whip the leaves about. If a hard frost is expected after housing, shut up the house at night to prevent freezing of the uncured stems.

CORN FIELD..

As the corn field will now be peculiarly liable to the inroads of unruly stock, let it be properly guarded, the fences and gates looked to, and fre quent inspection given the field generally. If fodder has been secured by cutting tops and pulling blades, let all be put away safely as soon as practicable, where it is to be preserved for the winter. Corn should not be put in the house until well cured, and this will not be till November.

WHEAT SOWING.

If our suggestions of last month were observed we hope that the necessary preparations, at least, for wheat sowing, have been made, and we are now ready, with the utmost promptness, to commit the seed to the earth. If sowing be delayed for fear of fly till the 5th of October, that should be the latest day, and then all should be ready to finish this important work at once. We are continually, and more and more impressed with the necessity of early seeding, if we would secure maximum crops. There is, indeed, liability to fly, and we may use the precaution of waiting till the date above named to avoid the Fall attack. But let it be borne in mind that against the Spring fly, and every other enemy or disease, a full supply of vigorous roots, which can only come by early seeding, is the best and only safeguard.

TIMOTHY.

Timothy may be sown whenever you sow wheat. Let it follow immediately after the putting in of that crop, and follow it with the roller to insure prompt germination. A peck of good seed to the acre is sufficient.

IRISH POTATOES.

The late crop of these should be secured, if possible, when the ground is dry, and not before the latter part of the month. The digging is tedious work, and throwing out with the ordinary plough an imperfect operation. The potato ploughs now in use are, some of them, very good implements, and will be paid for in digging an acre of this crop.

FEEDING HOGS.

The Vegetable Garden.

Prepared for the American Farmer, by DANIEL BARKER,
Maryland Agricultural College.

OCTOBER'.

The decline of such crops as late peas, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, corn, &c., should be followed by their immediate removal, and no de

We lose much valuable time in feeding by decaying or useless matter of any kind should be laying too long to pen our hogs that are to be fattened. The mild weather of early Fall is peculiarly favorable to putting on fat, and the sooner such hogs as are intended for the pen are put in a course of improvement, the more economically they will be fed. A gradual change from the range in field and forest is better than a sudden shutting up with full feed. They should be brought, therefore, within a small enclosure and fed moderately till they become accustomed to the change, when their supplies may be increased till they get as much as they will eat.

If we would not consult the strictest economy,

but make the best meat, the fattening should be

completed in a small grass lot with a running stream, or other abundant supply of water, and a

shelter open to the South, where they may be always dry. There is very great economy in the use of well ground grain, and cooking increases the value of the food very much. If, in addition to this, every pair be put into a sty, raised from the ground and well protected from weather, the strictest suggestions of economy will be observed. In this case the bottom of the pen should be open enough to let all the droppings pass freely through to litter supplied underneath.

CATTLE FEEDING.

The same general principles are, of course, to be observed in the feeding of cattle for the butcher. Let it, therefore, be begun early, and continued moderately, with constant attention to the comfort of the animal in bad weather. Cows and store cattle should be provided with shelter, and protected properly at night and during rains. Give them full opportunity to lay on a Winter's store of flesh and fat. An animal that goes into Winter quarters in fine condition, is already half wintered.

PUMPKINS.

The crop of pumpkins should now be gathered and stored carefully in a sheltered place, where they may be convenient for feeding. They make very good food for milch cows in Autumn, adding to the quantity and quality of the milk.

allowed to decay and rot upon the ground. All for immediate cropping, should be spaded or vacant lots and spaces which are not required ploughed for exposure to the ameliorating influence of the weather. The application of manure should be governed by a consideration for onions the late spring, will probably hav of the late and future crops. The lot assigne received sufficient without further assistance for a crop of cabbage. Peas and beans impoverish the land as much as most crops, and that part of the garden occupied by them will require a good coat of barn-yard manure, and might be appropriated to early potatoes next spring; make it a rule never to let any vegetable matter of any kind go to waste. A convenient place for such things may be found outside the garden, where all refuse should be taken, and a sprinkling of ashes or charred refuse should be placed over each layer, by which a valuable manure heap may be formed.

ASPARAGUS.-The stems should be removed, and an adequate quantity of seed collected for the yearly sowing.

BROCCOLI, about the end of the month, should be taken up and laid in by the roots, in a horizontal position, in some sheltered place; this will not only protect it from frost, but check luxuriant growth, and enable it to withstand the winter.

CAULIFLOWERS just heading are easily damaged by frost. Go over them frequently and tie the leaves over the advancing heads. A portion of the less forward may be taken up, and treated as recommended for broccoli. Continue to prick out young plants, and gradually harden off those which may have required protection. Plant out in frames to stand the winter.

CABBAGE PLANTATIONS may yet be made of the strongest from those pricked out last month, and draw some earth to the stems of advancing crops. Plant out in beds upon sheltered borders and beds, but use no protection until severe frosts. To protect cabbage and cauliflowers

from the ravages of the slugs, dust the ground between the plants every few days with coal, soot, or quick-lime. Keep the ground between the rows of growing crops constantly stirred with the hoe or cultivator.

CARROTS, as soon as their growth is completed, should be taken up and stored away for use.

COLEWORTS, BORECCOLE, or GERMAN GREENS.Seed may still be sown for Spring greens.

CELERY.-Continue to earth up growing crops. Towards the end of the month the principal part may be taken up, and put in trenches about two-thirds deep as the plants are long, packing closely, and leaving the tops exposed until severe weather.

CORN.-Save seed from the best kinds and store away from the ravages of rats and mice.

RADISHES.-Make a sowing the beginning of the month, which, if the weather does not set in early, may prove useful.

SPINACH.-Keep it well thinned and the ground well hoed and cultivated whenever the weather is favorable. In picking the leaves of Winter Spinach, care should be taken not to bruise or otherwise injure those that remain, as at this season a bruise will invariably lead to decay. Every leaf should be picked singly.

TOMATOES, in late situations, where they are just ripening, should be picked off and ripened in some warm place, as the least frost is fatal to them. Continue to make a good supply of catsup while the fruit is abundant.

SWEET POTATOES should be taken up as soon as the tops are killed by frost. After digging let them be well dried in the sun, carefully han

CUCUMBERS.--Pick every day those large enough dled, and pack for Winter use in dry cut straw

for pickles.

ENDIVE.-Continue to plant out in frames and blanch those heads required for use by gathering the leaves together and inverting a flower pot over the plant.

LETTUCE.—Plant out in warm borders where they may receive protection during severe weather also upon the South side of ridges laid up about six inches from the natural level. Those in frames should be constantly looked over, and kept free from weeds, decayed leaves, and if slugs are troublesome dust the ground with fresh lime. Where the accommodation can be afforded, a quantity may yet be planted in frames, which will insure a regular supply, independent of the

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or cut chaff.

TURNIPS should be taken up and stored for Winter use, upon the approach of severe frost.

SALSIFY AND SCORZONERA will now be fit to take up for storing. A portion may be left in the ground during the Winter, as the frost will not damage it, and it will be more firm and sweet for Spring use.

Take every advantage to collect together prunings of trees, roots, large weeds, &c.; place them together and cover with earth, so as partly to char, and burn the remainder to ashes. To this heap should be brought all the weeds, &c., collected in the garden and surrounding grounds. There is nothing settles such things so well as burning them. Upon this may be placed sawdust and refuse from the wood yard, which will become charred. Such a heap will be most valuable for mixing with earth for potting plants, dressing the surface of beds for small seeds, &c.

A curious discovery is said to have been made

in France regarding the influence of iron on vegetables. On the chalky shores, where there is an absence of iron, vegetation has a sere and withered appearance, which, it appears, is removed by the application of a solution of the sulphate of iron. Harricot beans, watered with this substance, acquired an additional weight of sixty per cent. Mulberries, Peaches, Pears, Grape Vines and Wheat, derive advantages from the same treatment. In the cultivation of Clover, wonderful advantages have been gained by the application of the sulphate of iron on soils where it is desired to produce an early crop.What becomes of all the scales which fall from the anvils in this our land?

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