furnish the necessary instruments. Until a few years ago the Weather Bureau in providing instruments for new stations observed the general rule of equipping no station within 50 miles of one already established. With the gradual increase in the number of stations, this distance limit has been reduced to 25 or 30 miles. Persons occupying eligible locations under the rules now governing the issue of instruments, and willing to comply with the conditions upon which they are furnished, will, as far as practicable, be supplied with the instrumental outfit before mentioned upon application to either the Chief of the Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C., or the director of the State weather service in whose territory he resides. The duties of a voluntary observer consist in taking and recording daily observations of temperature, rainfall, state of weather, and miscellaneous meteorological phenomena such as the occurrence of frosts, local storms, etc.

Observations of air pressure and wind velocity by voluntary observers are not desired by the Weather Bureau. Enough data of this nature for the purposes of the Bureau, in the forecasting of weather, are obtained from the regular, paid meteorological stations, from which daily telegraphic reports are received. Observations of air pressure by voluntary observers are mainly of interest to the observers themselves at the time of the observation in estimating the location of storm centers in vicinities where there is no access to the daily weather map issued by the Weather Bureau.

A trustworthy record of the weather is always of interest to any community, and is often of very great practical value. It is one of the objects of the Weather Bureau to foster and encourage the keeping of such records. There are numerous calls for records of the weather, as evidence in courts in important law cases, months, and even years, after the record is made. Contractors and others interested in outside work often want a record of days when there was rain or high winds, when streams were frozen over or swollen with floods, etc. Farmers are interested in the state of the season, whether forward or backward, as regards temperature and rainfall.

The Monthly Weather Review and other publications of the Weather Bureau are sent to voluntary observers in exchange for their observations, together with the weekly Weather Crop Bulletin and monthly reports of State weather services.

NOTE. The first three samples in the table represent the texture of typical soils of the Atlantic Coast States adapted to truck, wheat, and grass. Their agricultural value and adaptation to crops are largely dependent upon the relative proportion of the different grades of sand and clay, as this determines the relation of the soils to water. Soils differ greatly, however, in structure or in the arrangement of the soil grains, and as this changes their relation to water the texture is not always a guide to their agricultural value. The texture, together with a record of the moisture content, indicates very clearly the class of crops to which these soils are adapted. The same remarks apply to the four types of tobacco soil shown in the table. The loess soils are characterized by a large content of silt. These likewise differ in structure, and this affects their agricultural value. The plains marl of western Kansas and Nebraska is characterized by a large percentage of very fine sand.

The following table gives the weight of a cubic foot of soil under different degrees of compactness, together with the amount of space in these soils, and the per cent of water in the saturated soil when all the space is filled with water:

The specific gravity of upland arable soils varies but little and may be assumed to be about 2.65 to 2.70; the former is used by the Department of Agriculture for the mineral constituents of arable soils. The amount of space, therefore, in a cubic foot of such soil is determined by the compactness, or close arrangement, of the soil grains. As a rule, coarse, sandy soils are the most compact and contain the least amount of intergranular space, rarely containing less than 35 per cent of space, however. The amount of space appears larger, as the grains are large and each individual space is larger, but the aggregate amount of space is less. Clay soils usually contain considerably more space than sandy soils, going as high as 60 or 65 per cent in common arable clay lands. The weight of a cubic foot of dry soil in its natural condition is given approximately in the second column for several conditions of compactness. The weight of water contained in the soil, if all the space is completely filled with it, is given in the third column. Arable soils in good condition for crops rarely contain more than from 30 to 60 per cent of the saturating quantity. The total weight of a cubic foot of saturated soil and the percentages are given in the fourth and fifth columns.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVING COURSES IN AGRICULTURE.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVING COURSES IN AGRICULTURE-Continued.

Arts of the University.

Missouri

Montana.

Nebraska.

Nevada

New Jersey

New Mexico.

New York

Bozeman.

James Reid.

College of Agrture and Mech. Arts.
Industrial College of the University. Lincoln
School of Agriculture of University. Reno.

New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me

North Carolina.
North Dakota..

Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island.
South Carolina.

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

Utah

Vermont..

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia..
Wisconsin
Wyoming.

chanic Arts.

Rutgers Scientific School.

College of Agr'ture and Mech. Arts..
Cornell University..

College of Agr'ture and Mech. Arts..
North Dakota Agricultural College..
Ohio State University

Agr'tural and Mechanical College..
Oregon State Agricultural College..
Pennsylvania State College
College of Agr'ture and Mech. Arts.
Clemson Agricultural College.
College of Agr'ture and Mechanics'

Institute of Claflin University.
South Dakota Agricultural College..
State Agr'tural and Mech. College..
State Agr'tural and Mech. College.
Prairie View State Normal School...
Agricultural College of Utah
State Agricultural College of the Uni-
versity.

Agr'tural and Mechanical College.
Hampton Normal and Agricultural
Institute.

Agric. College and School of Science.
West Virginia University

The West Virginia Colored Institute. Farm..
College of Agr'ture of the University. Madison.
College of Agr'ture of the University. Laramie

G. E. MacLean.

J. E. Stubbs.
C. S. Murkland.

Austin Scott.

S. P. McCrea.
J. G. Schurman.
A.Q. Holliday.
J. H. Worst.
J. H. Canfield.
G. E. Morrow.
John M. Bloss.
George W. Atherton.
J. H. Washburn.
E. B. Craighead.
L. M. Dunton.

L. McLouth.
C. W.Dabney, jr.
L. S. Ross.

L. C. Anderson.
Joshua H. Paul.
M. II. Buckham.

J. M. McBryde.
H. B. Frissell.

E. A. Bryan.
J. L. Goodknight.
J. H. Hill.

C. K. Adams.

A. A. Johnson.

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES,
THEIR LOCATION, DIRECTORS,
WORK.

Connecticut (State), New Haven S. W. Johnson... Analysis and inspection of fertilizers; chem

istry of feeding stuffs; chemistry of milk and its products; diseases of plants; pot experiments with organic nitrogen.

Connecticut (Storrs), Storrs..... W. O. Atwater... Chemistry of feeding stuffs and food of man;

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES,
THEIR LOCATION, DIRECTORS, ETC.-Continued.

Michigan, Agricultural College.. C. D. Smith

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, THEIR LOCATION, DIRECTORS, ETC.-Continued.

Station.

Director.

Lines of work in addition to chemistry, horticulture, and field experiments."

Washington, Pullman.

Wisconsin, Madison..

West Virginia, Morgantown..

E. A. Bryan
J. A. Myers

W. A. Henry..

Wyoming, Laramie

Soils; forestry; feeding experiments. Meteorology; analysis and control of fer. tilizers; entomology.

and

Soils; feeding experiments (pigs
sheep); diseases of animals; dairying;
drainage and irrigation.

A. A. Johnson.... Botany; waters; food analyses; irrigation

FEEDING STUFFS (FOR ANIMALS).

EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS USED IN THE TABLE.

Water. All feeding stuffs contain water. The amount varies from 8 to 15 pounds per 100 pounds of such dry materials as hay, straw, or grain to 80 pounds in silage and 90 pounds in some roots.

Ash is what is left when the combustible part of a feeding stuff is burned away. It consists chiefly of lime, magnesia, potash, soda, iron, chlorine, and carbonic, sulphuric, and phosphoric acids, and is used largely in making bones. Part of the ash constituents of the food is therefore stored up in the animal's body; the rest is voided in the manure.

Protein (or nitrogenous materials) is the name of a group of materials containing nitrogen. Protein furnishes the materials for the lean flesh, blood, skin, muscles, tendons, nerves, hair, horns, wool, and the casein and albumen of milk, etc., and is one of the most important constituents of feeding stuffs.

Fiber.-Fiber, sometimes called cellulose, is the framework of plants, and is, as a rule, the most indigestible constituent of feeding stuffs. The coarse fodders, such as hay and straw, contain a much larger proportion of fiber than the grains, oil cakes, etc.

Nitrogen-free extract includes starch, sugar, gums, and the like, and forms an important part of all feeding stuffs, but especially of most grains. The nitrogenfree extract and fiber are usually classed together under the name of carbohydrates. The carbohydrates form the largest part of all vegetable foods. They are either stored up as fat or burned in the body to produce heat and energy.

Fat, or the materials dissolved from a feeding stuff by ether, is an impure prodrct, and includes, besides real fats, wax, the green coloring matter of plants, etc. The fat of food is either stored up in the body as fat or burned to furnish heat and energy. Average composition of American feeding stuffs.