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£6.2RAIN

than to see his drains running merrily. In permanent grass they may be placed anywhere, and some unobtrusive corner can generally be found for them in arable land. We finish with masonry every important outfall, and consider the few shillings which this costs one of the most satisfactory items in our drainage expenditure.

July 20, 1850.

No. 1.-Section of Land before it is Drained.

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No. 2.-Section of Land after it is Drained.

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No. 3.

SKETCH OF THE WHEAT PLANT

at different periods of Vegetation, showing the depth to which the fibrous roots can be generally traced in free mould, taken from a drawing in the Drummond Agricultural Museum in Sterling.

DRAINING IMPLEMENTS.

ANCIENT

AGRICULTURAL LITERATURE.

CONTENTS.

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British Writers on the subject-Adam Dickson, C. W. Hoskyns
Grecian and Carthaginian Agriculture-Greek and Punic Authors
Standard points of a Carthaginian Ox, as settled by Mago, B.C.
600

Roman Agricultural Writers-Cato, Varro, Virgil, Columella,
Pliny, &c.

Agriculture not a progressive Art during eight centuries
Roman systems of Farm occupation

Farm Buildings and Landlord's Villa

PAGE

134

140

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144

144

147

149

154

Division of Farm Labour; Farm and Household Wages; Food, &c. 156 General opinion of Roman agricultural Authors against the profit

ableness of High Farming; meaning of the term

Management of Pastures and Water Meadows

Management of arable Land, and course of Cropping

Green Crops for Cattle

Turnip Culture; its estimation

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Roman opinions on the exhaustion and improvement of Land by certain Crops

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Various methods of reaping and harvesting Grain

Notice of Reaping Machines used in Gaul, propelled by Oxen 169. 198 Threshing and Winnowing Machines

Use of Straw for Fodder and Litter .

Manures; their management, methods, and seasons of applying.
Lime; its application, mode of burning

Marl; great use of in Gaul and Britain, described by Roman
Authors

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Fallows; their treatment; number, depth, direction, and precision
of Ploughings

Cato's famous Maxim on the use of the Plough and Dung
Reprobation of ploughing Land when wet

Numerous forms of Plough in use

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