his tail as if he were saying "You must climb that hill alone." Hardy left him and when he returned Aures was waiting for him. Hardy gives Aures a lump of sugar when he has been good, but after this naughty prank he received no sugar for many days. Aures often puts his feet together and humps his back quickly when he thinks Hardy has ridden enough, but Hardy rides so well he is seldom thrown.

Another time Hardy and his two sisters, Agnes and Kate, all climbed upon Aures. You may be sure that the crusty little donkey felt angry at so heavy a load. He trotted sullenly down the road to the river and when he reached the water he waded in a little way, put his head down quickly and let the children all slide into the stream. Agnes, who was up first, said that she could see a smile of triumph on his face as he started for home. The children, who are used to the water, laughed heartily and thought it a fine joke. Aures carries loads of wood from the hills, and bags of clover to the cows. He and Hardy are great friends and are seldom apart. The little boys who live near Hardy think him a lucky boy and are always happy when Hardy lets them ride.

LESSON 20.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES.

1. Columbus rejoiced when land appeared.

2. There were many books before printing was invented.
3. Bunyan wrote as he thought.

In sentence one, what clause is joined to the verb rejoiced to show when?

In sentence two, select the clause that shows when. To what verb is it joined?

In sentence three, what clause shows how? To what verb is it joined?

In the following sentences select the clauses that show how, when, or where, and tell to what verbs they are joined:

ADVERBIAL PHRASES AND CLAUSES.

1. The curfew rang when the sun went down.
2. The soldiers rejoiced after the battle was won.
3. Mammon wins where Seraphs would despair.
4. Henry holds the plow as his father taught him.

Memorize :

SUMMARY.

123

Clauses joined to verbs to show how, when, or where, are called ADVERBIAL CLAUSES.

Make sentences, using, in each, one of the following phrases or clauses. Draw one line under each clause, and two under each phrase:

in the box

from San Juan

when the rain falls
with great care

while the moon shines
before dinner

during the winter

by moonlight

as the signal was given
with my mother
when the bell rang
at the concert

LESSON

21.

Make four columns of the clauses and phrases in the following sentences. In column one put the adjective phrases, in column two the adjective clauses, in column three the adverbial phrases, and in column four the adverbial clauses:

1. The Arabs own horses of great value.

2. The tree that produces chocolate grows in Mexico. 3. Dan was riding over the snow.

4. We came from the field when the sun went down. 5. Boys of industrious habits become prosperous men. 6. The men who went hunting are camping where game is plentiful.

7. Many officers of high rank were staying at the coast. 8. Plants that grow in warm climates become very large. 9. We enjoy rowing when the weather is cool.

10. The horse that my father bought came from Kentucky.

11. The feathers of the ostrich are used for trimming hats.

12. When the wind blows the cradle will rock.

13. How long was the war of the Revolution?

14. Peter H. Burnett, who was the first Governor of California, was born in Tennessee.

AN EXERCISE IN DISCRIMINATION.

To the Teacher.-In the first part of the following story all the words that join are printed in italics. After the pupil has carefully noted these, he is to make an effort to select from the second part all the words that are similar in office.

HARDY AND HIS DONKEY.

Hardy lives in the mountains of California by a beautiful river of clear water. Hardy has a donkey that he calls Aures and upon this donkey he rides all over the hills. Sometimes Aures is cross and then he does some strange things. One day Hardy was riding him after the cows and they came to a mountain that was very steep. Aures does not like steep mountains, so when he saw it he stopped, stiffened his legs, and stood still. Hardy coaxed him in every way, but the stubborn fellow only switched his tail as if he were saying "You must climb that hill alone." Hardy left him and when he returned Aures was waiting for him. Hardy gives Aures a lump of sugar when he has been good, but after this naughty prank he received none for many days. Aures often puts his feet together and humps his back quickly when he thinks Hardy has ridden enough, but Hardy rides so well he is seldom thrown.

Another time Hardy and his two sisters, Agnes and Kate, all climbed upon Aures. You may be sure that the crusty little donkey felt angry at so heavy a load. He trotted sullenly down the road to the river and when he reached the

WORDS THAT JOIN.

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water he waded in a little way, put his head down quickly and let the children all slide into the stream. Agnes, who was up first, said that she could see a smile of triumph on his face as he started for home. The children, who are used to the water, laughed heartily and thought it a fine joke. Aures carries loads of wood from the hills, and bags of clover to the cows. He and Hardy are great friends and are seldom apart. The little boys who live near Hardy think him a lucky boy and are always happy when Hardy lets them ride.

LESSON 22.

WORDS THAT JOIN.

1. Grapes and currants are sweet.

2. Lambs run and jump.

3. The merchant sells boots and shoes.

4. The boy has a top and the girl has a doll.

5. That train went over the bridge and through the tunnel.

In sentence one, what word joins the two nouns?
In sentence two, what does the word and join?
In sentence three, what does the word and do?
What are joined by the word and, in sentence four?
Find what the word and joins in sentence five.

In each of the sentences below put one of the following joining words:

Take each group in column one and, with some word in column two, join it to a group in column three:

Words used to join words, sentences, or parts of sentences, are called CONJUNCTIONS.

AN EXERCISE IN DISCRIMINATION.

To the Teacher.-In the first part of the following story all the words that join by showing relation are printed in italics. After the pupil has carefully noted these, he is to make an effort to select from the second part all the words that are similar in office.

HARDY AND HIS DONKEY.

Hardy lives in the mountains of California by a beautiful river of clear water. Hardy has a donkey that he calls Aures and upon this donkey he rides everywhere over the hills. Sometimes Aures is cross and then he does some strange things. One day Hardy was riding him after the cows and they came to a mountain that was very steep. Aures does not like steep mountains, so when he saw it he stopped, stiffened his legs, and stood still. Hardy coaxed him in every way, but the stubborn fellow only switched his tail as if he were saying "You must climb that hill alone." Hardy left him and when he returned Aures was waiting for him. Hardy gives Aures a lump of sugar when he has been good, but after this naughty prank he received no sugar for many days. Aures often puts his feet together and humps