History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present

Abbasid caliph Abd-al-Malik Abd-al-Raḥmān Abdullah Abu-al-Fida Africa Aghani Aḥmad al-'Iraq al-Başrah al-Ḥijāz al-Hirah al-Kūfah al-Ma'mun al-Madinah al-Rashid al-Walid al-Yaman Aleppo Allah amir ancient Arabic army Asia Baghdad Baladhuri became Bedouin Beirut Berber Buwayhid Byzantine Cairo capital centre century chief Christian conquest Constantinople Cordova Crusaders culture Damascus desert dinars dirhams dynasty early East Egypt Egyptian empire Europe Fakhri Fatimid Fihrist flourished founder governor Greek Hārūn Hitti Ibid Ibn-al-'Ibri ibn-al-Athir Ibn-Khaldun ibn-Khallikān Ibn-Sa'd imām inscriptions Islam Jerusalem Khurāsān king Kitāb Koran land later Latin Leyden Makkah Mamluk Maqqari Mas'udi military Moslem mosque Mu'awiyah Muḥammad Mūsa Nabataean North origin Ottoman palace peninsula period Persian poet poetry Prophet provinces reign religion religious Roman Saljuq Sāsānid Semitic Shi'ite slave South Arabian Spain successor sultan sūr Syria Tabari tion towns tradition translation tribe Turkish Umar Umayyad vizir Ya'qubi Yamanite Yazid Yazid II