1872. E. F. Noyes, governor - January 8.

senator.

John Sherman, U. S.

Completion of the canal around the falls at Louisville. Buchtell College (Universalist) opened at Akron.

1873. Revised Constitution rejected by the people. Columbia village annexed to Cincinnati — February. Cummingsville annexed to Cincinnati

1874. William Allen, governor - January 12.

Rutherford B. Hayes,

1876. Rutherford B. Hayes, governor-January 14. 1877. T. L. Young, governor — January 2. president March 4. Stanley Matthews, U. S. senator. 1878. R. M. Bishop, governor - January 14. U. S. senator.

1880. Charles Foster, governor - January 14.

U.S. senator.

1881. James A. Garfield, president - March 4. field-July 1. John Sherman, U. S. senator.

1883. Very high water in the Ohio - December. sary of the settlement of Ohio celebrated at Marietta.

George H. Pendleton,

James A. Garfield,

Assassination of Gar

Ninety-fifth anniver

1884. George Hoadley, governor. Henry B. Payne, U. S. senator. Cincinnati Riot over proceedings in murder trials - March 28. Strike in the Hocking Valley coal region — April. Great flood in Ohio River February. Toledo Manual Training School established.

1885. Grover Cleveland, president - March 4. John Sherman, U. S. senator. Joseph B. Foraker, governor. The "Dow Law," taxing the liquor traffic, passed. State Board of Health established.

1888. Centennial Celebration of the first settlement in Ohio at Marietta - April 7. Sunday Liquor Law passed. "Tally sheet" trials excited much public interest. Centennial celebrations and Expositions - May to October.

OHIO has contributed to the direction and development of the United States of America three presidents, namely: William Henry Harrison of North Bend (1841), Rutherford Birchard Hayes of Fremont (1877) and James Abram Garfield (1881); three presidents of the Senate (pro tempore), namely: Benjamin F. Wade, Allen G. Thurman and John Sherman; one speaker of the House of Representatives: John W. Keifer (1881); two Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, namely: Salmon P. Chase (1864) and Morrison B. Waite (1874); and three Associate Justices, namely: John McLean (1829), Noah H. Swayne (1861) and Stanley Matthews (1881).

"THE ORDINANCE OF 1787."

ADOPTED BY THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES

NORTHWEST OF THE RIVER OHIO.

This famous document “ordained by the United States in Congress assembled," July 13, 1787, plays so important a part in the early history of Ohio, having indeed been esteemed as the "corner-stone of the Constitution of the Northwestern States," that it is here presented, duly abridged and condensed.

The Ordinance decreed the temporary unity of the territory until a division should be deemed expedient. It ordained the laws of inheritance, the appointment of territorial officers, the organization of the General Assembly (when there should be five thousand male inhabitants), the laws for the prevention of crimes and injuries, the composition and duties of the General Assembly, the oaths of fealty to the United States of all territorial officers, the election to Congress of a non-voting delegate, and the provision of certain fixed and established principles of civil and religious liberty.

The Ordinance then declared that "the following articles shall be consid ered as articles of compact between the original States and the people and States in said territory, and forever remain unalterable, unless by common consent."

The "articles of compact were six in number and decreed: (1) Religious freedom; (2) The right of habeas corpus and of trial by jury, proportionate representation in the Legislature, admission to bail, immunity from excessive fines and cruel punishments, the inviolability of person and property, and non-interference with private business; (3) The encouragement of education, good faith toward the Indians; (4) Fealty to the United States; (5) The division of the territory into states to be admitted into the Union whenever any of such states shall have 60,000 free inhabitants; (6) Personal freedom -"there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory."

This brief summary of a highly important national document will it is hoped prompt those who first read it here to learn more of a "compact" that has long ranked with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. The "ordinance" is now published entire and in separate form among the "Old South Leaflets" edited by Mr. Edwin D. Mead of Boston.

THE PEOPLES' COVENANT

AS EMBODIED IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE

OF OHIO.

THE Constitution of the State of Ohio was the direct outgrowth of the famous "Ordinance of 1787." It was adopted in 1803, but on the seventeenth of June, 1851, it was supplanted by a new constitution. In 1874 the draft of still another constitution was submitted to the people but failed to receive their approval. The Constitution of the seventeenth of June, 1851, therefore still stands as the popularly approved Constitution of the State. The Preamble reads:

WE THE PEOPLE of the State of Ohio, grateful to Almighty God for our Freedom, to secure its blessings, and promote our Common Welfare Do ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION:

[The sixteen articles here condensed to the briefest possible limits set forth in detail the obligations, duties and desires of the people through their constituted officials as follows:]

ARTICLE I defines the rights of citizenship and property and is divided into twenty sections: I- All men possess the right to freedom and protection of property; 2 - To the people belongs the power to alter or abolish the gov ernment; 3- The people have always the right of assembling in a peaceable manner and of petition; 4- The people have always the right to bear arms; standing armies not to be kept up in time of peace; 5- Trial by jury shall remain inviolate; 6-Slavery not allowed; nor involuntary servitude except for criminals; 7- Free exercise of religious profession assured; no religious test as to qualification for office required; public worship and education shall be encouraged; 8-The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of rebellion or invasion; 9-Excessive bails, restrictive fines or cruel punishments shall not be imposed; 10- No person shall be arrested for grave offenses except by indictment of grand jury and such person shall be allowed to appear at court with counsel and to compel attendance of witnesses; no person shall be tried twice for the same offence, nor be compelled to witness against himself, nor be imprisoned or punished except by due process of law; 11- No law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press; 12- Transportation out of the State, corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate shall not be allowed as punishment for crime; 13-No soldier shall be quartered in any house, except in war as prescribed by law; 14- Persons or their property shall not be searched without warrant; 15-No person shall be imprisoned for debt; 16- Every

person shall have free access to the courts; 17 - No hereditary privileges shall ever be granted by the State; 18- No suspension of laws shall be allowed except by general assembly; 19- Private property shall be inviolate and when taken for public use, a just compensation to be assessed by a jury shall be made; 20- This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to take away or deny others retained by the people.

ARTICLE II regulates the legislative power of the State, vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. It comprises thirty-two sections and declares that the senators and representatives shall be elected biennially for two years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, and that they shall have resided in their respective districts for the year previous to election. It disqualifies actual office-holders and holders of public funds from becoming members of the Assembly. It defines the powers of each house, the right of punishing and expelling members, and the right of protest; it provides for the filling of vacancies and enunciates the privilege to members of free speech and immunity from arrest. It states when the proceedings shall be made public; provides for the power of adjournment, the reading of bills, the pay of officers and members of legislature. It limits appropriations to two years and vests the power of impeachment in the House of Representatives. It prohibits the payment of any extra compensation, after service has been rendered or without the concurrence of two thirds of the members of the Legislature. It limits the power to make new counties or change county lines and prevents the Legislature from granting any divorce.

ARTICLE III deals with the executive and embraces twenty sections: I- Executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer and Attorney-General, chosen by the electors of the State; 2-The Executive officers shall be elected every two years, except the auditor, who shall hold office four years; 3- The returns of the elections to be secret until publicly declared by the President of Senate; if two or more candidates are equal in votes one of them shall be elected by Legislature; 4- If there is no session of the Legislature in January next after the election the result shall be declared by the Governor; 5— Supreme executive power vested in the Governor; 6- The Governor may require written information from any executive officer and shall oversee the faithful execution of the laws; 7- He shall recommend to the Legislature, at every session, any measure he shall deem expedient; 8- He may convene extraordinary sessions of the Legislature; 9— In cases of disagreement between the two houses as to time of adjournment, he may adjourn the Legislature; 10- - He shall be Commander of the military and naval forces of the State unless they are called into the services of the United States; 11- He shall have the power to grant commutations or pardons for all crimes except in cases of treason or impeachment, to suspend the execution of sentence in cases of treason and report the case to the Legislature. Whenever exercising the power of commutation or pardon he shall transmit to the Legislature his reasons therefor; 12 He shall keep and use the State Seal; 13 All grants and commissions shall be sealed with the State Seal

and signed by the Governor; 14 - No member of Congress or State officer shall execute the office of Governor; 15- In case of the disability of Governor, his duties shall devolve on the Lieutenant-Governor; 16-The Lieutenant-Governor shall be president of the Senate but shall vote only when the Senate is equally divided. In case of his absence, the Senate shall choose a president pro tempore; 17— In case of the disability of the Lieutenant-Governor, while acting as Governor, the President of the Senate shall act as governor until the disability is removed, and in the latter case, if the President of the Senate is rendered incapable of performing his duties, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall act as governor ; 18-In case of the vacancy of the office of Auditor, Treasurer, Secretary or Attorney-General the Governor shall fill it until a successor is duly elected, such successor to hold office for a full term; 19-The above-mentioned officers shall receive a compensation, fixed by law and not to be changed during their term of office; 20-The officers of the Executive Department and of State Institutions shall report before each session to the Governor who shall transmit such reports to the Legislature.

ARTICLE IV treats of the Judicial Department and comprises twenty-one sections. It states the courts in which the judicial power is vested; the duties and terms of office of the five Judges of the Supreme Court (elected by the people); of the number of districts and jurisdiction of the Courts of Common Pleas; of the jurisdiction of Circuit and Probate Courts and of the duties, election and terms of office of Justices of Peace and Judges of the Court of Common Pleas; it states that the Governor shall appoint a successor to the office of any Judge when such has become vacant, until a successor is duly elected; it deals also with the compensation of Judges and allows the Assembly, when two thirds of the members concur, to remove Judges, to increase or diminish the number of Judges and provides for the election of Clerks of Courts and for a commission, appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, which shall undertake and share the business of the Supreme Court.

ARTICLE V deals with the elective franchise in six sections. 1- Every male citizen, twenty-one years old, one year a resident of the State, and, for the time required by law, of the county, township and ward where he resides, is entitled to vote; 2- All elections shall be by ballot; 3- Voters are free from arrest while at elections and in going to and coming from the same; 4-The Legislature can exclude from voting or from being eligible to office any person convicted of crime; 5-No person in the military service of the United States, stationed within the State, shall be considered a resident of the State; 6-No insane person can vote.

ARTICLE VI in two sections states that the funds appropriated for educational and religious purposes shall remain inviolate and that the Legislature shall make such provisions in addition as shall secure to the State an efficient system of schools without allowing to any religious or other sect any control of the school funds.

ARTICLE VII in three sections states that the benevolent State Institutions