shall be fostered under Legislative regulations, that the directors of the penitentiary shall be appointed as the Legislature directs, that the trustees of other institutions shall be appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate and that the Governor shall fill all vacancies until they can be filled in the regular manner.

ARTICLE VIII treats of the Public Debt and Public Works. It is in thirteen sections and declares that the public debt shall never exceed seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars in the aggregate except in cases of invasion, insurrection or in time of war or to redeem outstanding indebtedness; that the money so raised shall only be applied to the object for which the debt was contracted; that the credit of the State shall never be loaned to any corporation, nor the State become a stockholder in any corporation, nor assume the debts of any town unless such shall have been contracted in defending the State; that the Legislature can never authorize any county, city or town to become interested in any corporation. In case of the indebtedness of the State the article further provides for the creation of a sinking fund to pay off such debt; it also provides for a board to superintend the Public Works.

ARTICLE IX in five sections provides for the enrollment of the Militia, the election of military officers, and the calling forth of the Militia by the Governor when necessary.

ARTICLE X in five sections deals with county and township officers, their election, eligibility, term of office, their removal and power of local taxation. ARTICLE XI in thirteen sections, provides for the representative apportionment of the State both for the House of Representatives and Senate, according to the population as given every ten years by the census; it also gives the Judicial apportionment of the State.

ARTICLE XII deals with taxation and contains six sections. It prohibits the Legislature from levying a county or State poll tax and provides for the taxing of property and banks in accordance with the law.

ARTICLE XIII in seven sections deals with corporations, their formation, the liability of stockholders and the taxation of corporate property. It prohibits the granting of a right of way unless compensation is made to the owner or the authorization of banking associations unless ratified by the people; it provides also for the organization of cities and villages.

ARTICLE XIV in three sections provides for the appointment of Commissioners to reform and simplify the practice and forms used in the administration of Justice subject to the direction of the Legislature.

ARTICLE XV devotes nine sections to designating the city of Columbus as the seat of government, to the public printing of the laws, to public receipts and expenditures, to the qualifications and oaths requisite for office-holders, and to the prohibition of liquor licenses.

ARTICLE XVI in three sections shows how the Constitution may be amended.

THE Constitution is supplemented by a schedule embracing nineteen sections. It treats of prior laws, of the election of Members of Legislature, State

Officers and Judges, of the transfer of suits pending in Courts, of the ratifica tion of the Constitution by the people, of liquor license, and the apportionment of the House of Representatives.

DONE in convention at Cincinnati, the tenth day of March, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and of the Independence of the United States the seventy-fifth.

SOME BOOKS

BEARING ON THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF OHIO.

OF general histories of Ohio there are very few; and for the middle and later periods of the State's history the materials are not plenty. But of the early period there is an interesting abundance of information. The history of the great Ohio Valley, in which the white man figured for many years before civilization erected its first landmarks, belongs particularly to Kentucky, West Virginia and Ohio, but in a special sense to the Buckeye State. Of the many books touching upon the discovery and occupation of the Valley a few only may be cited; while it will not be expedient to catalogue the numerous local histories, journals and essays associated with the various towns and counties of the State.

Those who wish to investigate the antiquities of Ohio will find several general works like Alexander W. Bradford's "American Antiquities," and John Delafield's "Inquiry into the Origin of the Antiquities of North America"; and there are a number of discussions concerning the Moundbuilders with reference to remains in various parts of Ohio.

Francis Parkman's contributions to the history of the West are of the utmost importance to the student of Ohio history. La Salle's arrival in the New World, his enterprises and discoveries are picturesquely described in "The Discovery of the Great West," which forms the third part of the series entitled "France and England in North America." Mr. Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac" is one of the noblest monuments in our native historical literature. John G. Shea has written of "The Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley." The "Annals of the West," first compiled by James H. Perkins, and revised and enlarged by J. M. Peck, takes up the principal events in the history of the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, from the discovery of the Mississippi to the year 1850. It has a full chronology, and the events are related in chronological order. No account of the first explorations and early settlements in the Valley are more trustworthy and available than Dr. S. P. Hildreth's "Pioneer History," which gives extracts from many original manuscripts, detailing at

particular length the inception and accomplishment of the Ohio Company's enterprise. A companion work on the Ohio pioneers, also published under the supervision of the Historical Society of Cincinnati, gives full and accurate biographies of the first settlers and all who were brought into prominence in connection with the settlement of Marietta and its vicinity, including a sketch of Harman Blennerhasset and his wife. In this connection may be mentioned the recently published "Life of Manasseh Cutler," containing a great deal that bears on Dr. Cutler's significant mission to New York and his successful services in behalf of the Northwestern movement, and the "St. Clair Papers," edited by William Henry Smith. Jacob Burnet, one of the early judges of the territory, and a member of the first Legislative Council, wrote an admirable volume of "Notes on the Northwest Territory," which bear particularly upon the settlement of Cincinnati and the adjacent parts of the Miami region. An important group of books known as the Ohio Valley Historical Series, includes Colonel James Smith's account of his captivity among the Ohio Indians from 1755 to 1759; the "Historical Account of Bouquet's Expedition against the Ohio Indians in 1764," with a preface by Mr. Parkman; Colonel George Rogers Clark's sketch of his campaign in the Illinois in 1778-79; C. W. Butterfield's "Historical Account of the Expedition Against Sandusky under Colonel William Crawford, in 1782"; Colonel John May's "Two Journeys to the Ohio Country in 1788-89"; Josiah Espy's "Tour in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana Territory in 1805"; "Two Western Campaigns in the War of 1812," by Samuel Williams; J. McBride's "Pioneer Biographies," in two volumes; and "The Leatherwood God: an Account of the Appearance and Pretensions of J. C. Dylks in Eastern Ohio in 1828," by R. H. Taneyhill." Among books of a general character bearing more or less directly on the story of Ohio are T. M. Harris's "Journal of a Tour into the Territory Northwest of the Alleghany Mountains"; N. B. Craig's "The Olden Time," describing “Early experiences in the settlement around the head of the Ohio"; Mrs. E. F. Ellet's "Pioneer Women of the West"; W. J. A. Bradford's "Notes on the Northwest"; and James Hall's "Romance of Western History.'

Henry Howe's "Historical Collections of Ohio," forming one of the best general histories of the State, has recently been revised, extended and brought down to the present era. C. Atwater, John S. C. Abbott, and W. H. Carpenter and others have written histories of the State, and there are many admirable county and town histories, some of them of an exhaustive character.

So great an Indian hunting and fighting ground as the Ohio Valley could not fail to fascinate the romancer, and the Indian heroes of the Ohio land - Pontiac, Logan, Cornstalk, Brant, Tecumthe-have given many a theme to the imaginative writer in verse and in prose. In modern days no poet has put more of local feeling into his work than John James Piatt, whose "Idyls and Lyrics of the Ohio Valley" are not only noble in themselves, but are imbued also with a historic significance.

INDEX.