level, although I will admit that I have never been at the forefront asking for Mother Washington to put more money in the local governments in areas where I think a local government should use its own ingenuity or creativity to come up with a solution.

But right now we really don't have any place to send crack addicts for inpatient treatment unless they have got a lot of money and they can afford Shepherd Hill or Carde Hospital or someplace like that. We are not even fighting a holding action on treatment. We have virtually no action. Zero for the poor and the low-income people. If the Federal Government is going to spend money-and I know you are in the war on drugs, then treatment is the area where we need it the most. We are chopped up at the local level. As you well know and everyone else knows, we have cities, villages, townships, counties, school districts, and the need for drug treatment knows no political boundaries. So a unified system, unified by the Federal Government nationwide is the best way to go, as we have done with welfare, Title 20 funding and so on through that list.

I would like to just relate one little, brief story, if I might, Senator, to underscore what we found out here. Recently I had an opportunity to go up to Marion State Institute, and I spent the evening with about 40 inmates. Now, that is one of our maximumsecurity facilities here in Ohio, but it is primarily for young offenders as opposed to perhaps Lucasville, which takes all ages. But it is a maximum-security facility. I had dinner with about 40 of them there. We just sat around and talked. We had pizza and Coca-Cola, and we sat there and shot the breeze about drugs, drug abuse, the whole bit. I wanted to learn from them. At my table I had six inmates, all in there for drug abuse offenses. The fellow sitting right across from me was in prison serving not one but two life sentences for murder, both because of a drug deal that went sour.

So I am sitting there talking with this guy, and I said, "Now, you dealt drugs?" He said, "I dealt drugs for 20 years."

"And you dealt them in Ohio?"

"Yeah," he said, "Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and I traveled to New York, resupply, come back out here," and he went through this whole thing. And he said, "I'd still be dealing if I hadn't shot those two guys and killed them."

I said, "Did you ever deal crack?"

"Oh, yeah. Great drug, absolutely a wonderful drug. Let me tell you something, Mayor, crack is the greatest commodity ever invented in the history of America." He says, "It's cheap, it's accessible, it's absolutely addictive." He says, "If I am going to sell anything-and I have sold them all-that's the one I want to sell, because I only need a few customers, and they will sell their kids to get more of my product. I own them lock, stock and barrel.” I said, "Have you ever tried crack?"

He said, "Hell, I wouldn't touch it. That stuff will blow your brains out. I wouldn't touch it, I wouldn't let anybody in my family touch it and I have never tried it. But, I'd sell it in a heartbeat."

That said it all to me. We are not dealing with a marijuana or LSD and soapers and uppers and downers and blue jackets and all that other kind of stuff, this is everybody. A few minutes ago you mentioned "ice." We are talking about a Federal menace. You are

absolutely right, Senator. It only takes seven products to make "ice." Of the seven only one is a controlled substance; that's acetone. You can make it with a crock pot in a few hours in your house. We just busted one here in Columbus not too long ago, about a month ago.

And with respect to your questions earlier, many people think we ought to fence off America, just put a big fence around it, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine, and so on. I just don't think that is going to work from my perspective here at the local level and certainly not after what we have seen going on in the streets of the big cities. It didn't work with the Chinese with the Great Wall. It didn't take long for them to go over it and around it, and it's not going to work for the United States in the 1990's. We need the border patrol, the customs and all that, but that is not the answer. What we need to fence off is our bodies, our homes and our neighborhoods and reduce the fear that is out there, reduce the demand. We are not going to reduce the demand until the people make up their minds it is going to be reduced. The politicians can sit here and bang their jaws until they fall on the floor, but until there is a grass-roots consensus in America not to tolerate drug abuse, we are going to be having these meetings and I am going to be trucking down here to council and sticking a budget in front of them for $4 million, or however many million dollars for drug abuse, and you are going to have to try to deal with the problem in Washington along with the budget and everything else you have got to do. We have got to have the a grass-roots consensus that recreational drug abuse is an intolerable activity in our country.

So my feeling right now, Senator-and I will close off with thisis that we will do that best through solid education programs like DARE, and we will also do it best by making sure that if somebody does fall off the wagon, we can get them back on the straight and narrow through a good treatment process, and in between that we need to have solid, fair but firm and understandable law enforcement procedures.

I hope that you, Senator, can help us with some of these other things I mentioned with respect to posture of Federal Government in central Ohio, but I just want to reiterate until we say, "Not in my house, not in my city, not in my country," we are going to be stuck with a very tough problem. That is why we are grateful that you are here.

Chairman GLENN. Thank you, Mayor. That is an excellent statement. I want to get back with you in a little while as to what some of the kids said and proposed to you. We will talk about that a little bit later.

Cindy, did you have a time problem? I understand you will be catching a 12 o'clock plane?

Ms. LAZARUS. Senator, we have cancelled my plane, so I will be here for as long as you will have us this morning.

Chairman GLENN. Fine. Then we will proceed with Mayor Voino

vich.

STATEMENT OF GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, MAYOR, CLEVELAND,

ОН 1

Mr. VOINOVICH. I appreciate the opportunity to testify before you this morning, Senator Glenn. I think you have heard from Mayor Rinehart and you will be hearing from several other people. I think what we need to get clear today is the rough drug crisis, the drug epidemic that we have with us is beyond any one level of government in this country, that it is going to take the Federal, State and local governments working together.

I hope you will take back to Washington the message that Ohio cities are doing everything they can to help themselves to combat the drug problem that we are confronted with. I understand that most of the nation's drug war money has passed through Congress's appropriation process. We would like to see that money distributed as fast as it can. I understand there are some $850 million that has been allocated to State and local governments, and we would like to see that money distributed directly to the cities and school districts, the people who are dealing with those problems on the local level. So often some of this money that comes from Washington never seems to trickle down to the front lines where it is needed to go to war.

In addition, I think we need tougher laws at the Federal and State levels to be able to detain and convict drug dealers, but we also need more jail facilities, and I was pleased that the Ohio legislature recently, as part of the drug bill, has allocated money for six facilities, for 500 units for minimum security to deal with the drug problem.

I don't know whether you are aware of this or not, but in my town-and I don't know what it is in Columbus or Cincinnati-but half the people that are arrested for drug-related crimes commit a second crime before they have a hearing on their first crime. If you talk to parole officers, they will tell you that half the people that are on parole ought to be in jail, and the problem is even more frightening when it comes to juveniles.

One of the prosecutors here in Columbus mentioned to me several months ago that a kid has to steal four cars before he goes off to the Youth Commission, four automobiles. So what you are saying to the young people-and this is why it all gets started-is if you violate the law, you can get away with it. In fact, our police department says they just thumb their nose at them. They just tell them, "We are waiting for you. When you get to be 18 we are going to come after you. We have got your name in and we are going to do it." So we really need to do a better job in that regard.

The second thing, I think, that needs to be understood is that we need to encourage more local government officials getting together and sharing ideas on how we respectively are solving the drug problem. Recently, in September we had a meeting in Cleveland with all the mayors and council present that George Forbes and I put together and had Bill Bennett in for. We were absolutely amazed at the number of people that attended. We happened to videotape that conference, and it was shocking to me, but the OML

1 See p. 134 for Mayor Voinovich's prepared statement.

and the National League of Cities asked us to reduce that tape to a 1-hour show that they could use for the NLC and for the Ohio Municipal League, indicating to me that even in the area of all of the hoopla about the drug problem that we really haven't got educational material out there that is as effective as it should be. This was OK, but I thought to myself: Golly, if this is what they are trying to use on a national level, that certainly we have got a ways to go.

At that conference one of the things that came out was that many of the local jurisdictions were trying to combat the drug problem by themselves, just as we have been trying to do in Cleveland, and we have put lots of things in place. And I am going to mention these things this morning, Senator, because I think so often those of you in Washington get the impression that those of us on the local level maybe are saying, "You take care of the problem and we are not going to do anything about it."

First of all, our city provides an alcohol-and-drug-awareness program that we mandated through our program with our employees. So they find out about their problem themselves and share that information with their families. In our city we have quadrupled the number of police officers that are in the narcotics unit dealing with the problem that we have in our community.

We have recently added 14 dogs to the police department to just deal strictly with the drug problem. In cooperation with Mayor Rinehart and the experience you folks have had here, we now have two helicopters that we are using in the city of Cleveland just recently to deal with the drug problem, and we participate with the Federal government's DARE Program. We have got 10 police officers that are out in the fourth and fifth grades talking to the kids about saying no to drugs.

In addition to that we have got a computer-aided dispatch trying to become more effective. We have put in a new system, automatic fingerprint-matching system, which allows us to match a fingerprint with all fingerprints in our files within a matter of minutes, and that ought to be nationwide. It is really a neat thing, whereas the old way you had to go through and look at each one individually, this now does it by computer, and in September we declared Čity Hall a drug-free work place, and I congratulate Congress for making it a rule in order to get Federal funds, those departments must be declared drug-free.

And we have had a corporate program since 1982 called GATE, Getting Assistance to Employees, where, again, we provide help to individuals that need help. I encourage them, if they have got members of their family that have got drug problems or other problems, to come in and get help. Last year 400 people took advantage of that, and 70 percent of them, Senator, had problems with chemical dependency. We have seen where alcohol was the problem, alcoholism is going down and the drug, particularly the crack, problem has gone up.

The city also received money from the Cuyahoga County Drug Services Board for a student assistance program that is similar in context to the city's GATE program. Some youth employment program, another little idea, under the Joint Training Partnership Act we made it a rule that you can't get any money for the Summer

Youth Employment Program unless as part of that program you have a "Say no to drugs" program, again trying to reach these young people and get them to understand that they shouldn't have anything to do with drugs.

Last summer we had a little conference at the mall, and the kids made posters. I went around talking to the little kids that were there. I stopped one little girl, I said. "Honey, how do you feel about drugs?" She looked up at me, she said, “I ain't going to use drugs. It will kill you," and there was no question in her mind that she wasn't going to have anything to do with drugs.

I think we can talk about all the programs we want here today, but unless we use education and really make that the No. 1 weapon in our arsenal, all this other stuff here isn't going to matter, because if we can dry up the market, then, you know, Senator, we are going to stop it from coming in here from Colombia. I guess the Mayor talked about the "ice" problem. If they manufacture that, if it's not crack it's ice, but if it's not ice, it's going to be something else. So as long as there is somebody there to buy it, we have got a problem. And so I think that where we really need to put our emphasis is in education.

Last but not least, if I were in your boots, I would encourage or require local governments to set up what we refer to in our town as the Substance Abuse Initiative Task Force. I mentioned to you all the things that we did. We have doubled the arrests for drugrelated crimes already this year, but I realize I couldn't do it alone, so I got 21 other individuals in our town, the bishop, head of the Jewish Welfare Federation, the protestant churches, the president of the Board of Education, and wrote to some 250 organizations, and we created a Substance Abuse Task Force in our town that has six committees, and, by the way, they are funded quite high, and other foundations can pitch in and put the Federation's money, put the money into it and we have got committees that deal with education, prevention, treatment, law enforcement, drugs in the work place, citizen advocacy and the media.

What we are doing is we are laying out a plan of attack on how we are going to deal with the problem. Talk about treatment, quite frankly, we don't know all of the organizations that are doing treatment. We have got some idea, we know, as Mayor Rinehart pointed out, that the kids that are on welfare and housing projects are not getting the help that they need, but if we are going to spend money, we ought to spend it as intelligently as we can, and we ought not just throw it up on the wall. We need to coordinate that activity.

And I just mention one thing: our radio stations. I got them together in June of this year for a breakfast, and I asked them to participate in the program, Radio for a Drug-Free Cleveland. Eighteen radio stations, who are fiercely competitive, and I am sure your radio stations here beat each other up trying to get the business, but 18 radio stations have agreed to a program for Radio For a Drug-Free Cleveland, and when Secretary Bennett came in, they had a format all day dealing with saying no to drugs, and on September 4 our radio stations, all of them, for 3 hours were going to have the same program on all of the stations, so there is no way that anyone can turn off what is being said, and it's also to dra