portion of which, under the machine, is covered with an endless belt, upon which these boards are placed, on the rear of the carriage, and are from the die, and 7, 7, is a frame,

FIG. 44.-MATTICE & PENFIELD'S DRAIN TILE MACHINE.

drawn under by the tiles as they issue deposit themselves upon the boards. held together by the handles, across which small wires are stretched, 8, 8, for the purpose of cutting the tiles. This frame is movable, for the purpose of cutting the tiles where the end of the board occurs. 6, is the shaft which passes through the machine, upon which iron knives are fastened to grind the clay. To the lower ends, eccentrics are fastened, that move the plunger in the clay box, to which the die, 4, is fastened. 5, is the lever by which the cut-off plate is driven over the clay box, after it is filled, to prevent the clay from pushing back up in

the machine when the plunger pushes it out. 9, is the yoke upon which a slide is fastened, driven by an eccentric on the shaft that moves the lever, the plunger throwing it back when making the plunge, where it remains, leaving the cavity open again. A, is the sweep. The machine makes a plunge at every turn of the shaft. Less than one fourth of the time required to make a turn of the shaft, makes a plunge, which gives the man that cuts the tiles ample time to do so, and set them on the drying racks, which are placed upon the carriage for the purpose of moving them from the press, when dried, to the kiln.

The American Tile maker. - The Tile Maker is only eight feet in length, including aprons. It is mounted upon wheels, and is simple in construction, easily kept in order, and not liable to accident from any ordinary cause. It will make horseshoe or sole tile of any size, according to the nature of the die which may be used; the power applied to drive the clay through the dies is the screw, worked by a small balance wheel, as shown in the engraving. This machine is made of cast iron, and consists of a box set on feet, to which are attached small wheels, by which it can be moved from place to place. The iron box or frame is about five feet in length, and fourteen inches wide; at one end is fastened the die, which is easily taken off or put on by screws. The box into which the clay is put, and in which the square plunger compresses the clay through the die, to form the tile, is the main division of the frame, and occupies about two feet in length; one half of this division is covered with an iron plate, screwed down solid; the other consists of a lid, which lifts with a handle, and which, when the clay is filled in is shut and fastened by strong iron latches on each side, which swing into their place by weights. The other two feet of the frame is occupied by the iron tube, in which the screw of

FIG. 45.-DAINE'S AMERICAN TILE MACHINE.

the piston or plunger works, which is worked by a handle attached to a small balance wheel; attached to the end where the tiles are made, is a small wooden frame, supported on a level with the lower line of the die, by legs that fold up when it is taken off to be moved or packed

away; it is about three and a half feet in length, and is made in three divisions, of twelve inches each; these divisions have each a series of small wooden rollers, on which a cloth apron moves when the clay is forced through the die. It comes out in three long parallel tubes of tile, moved and supported on these aprons, each of which is the length of a tile; when the table is full, the tiles are cut into exact lengths by wires which are passed down through gauges, which form a part of the wooden framework of the apron stand. The whole is easily worked in. a space of eight by ten feet.

But the following cut illustrates the simplest and cheapest tile machine of which we have any knowledge. We propose to name it the "Buckeye" tile machine; it may be made by any ordinary mechanic, at a cost not exceeding $5.

FIG. 46.-THE BUCKEYE" TILE MACHINE.

It consists of a stout box, A, whose sides are about eight inches high, twelve long, and the ends about eight wide. The back part of the box is occupied by a post, G, eight inches wide, and four thick, and from two feet to

thirty inches high. In the top of this post is fastened a lever, H, and to this latter is fastened the plunger, F. The dies are represented at B. The box is filled with mortar, the plunger placed on the mortar, and by the lever is then pushed home; this operation forces the clay through the dies and forms the tiles. The carriage consists of twenty rollers, or five sets of four rollers each; over each set of rollers is an apron-the force and weight of the tile issuing from the dies, causes them to rotate so as to carry off the tile the entire length of the carriage. When the tiles are forced through the die, and cover the extent of the carriage, the frame, E E, is closed like a lid over the tile, and cuts them by means of the wires, D D D D D, into proper lengths. They are then removed from the apron to the dryer.

This machine can be operated, in all its departments, by a "man and a boy"—the man to fill the box, press the tile and cut them off, while the boy uses an implement shaped somewhat like the letter Y, or rather, like a twopronked table fork—each prong about ten inches in length, and one inch in diameter. The prongs are inserted into the cavity of the tiles and thus borne away to the dryer.

Not much reliance can be placed upon statements, as to the amount of tiles which may be made in a day upon any of the machines-some days double, if not triple the amount can be made than on other days. Daine's machine claims to make 250 two inch tiles in an hour-this would amount to 2,500 in a day of ten hours. From 700 to 900 would be a fair day's operation on the “Buckeye."

Pressing the pipes is a very simple business. The blocks of clay are to be placed in the press-box, and hammered in the filling, to prevent the retention of any air, as this might occasion the bursting of the pipes, or the formation