The Principles and Practice of Land DrainageR. Clarke & Company, 1861 - 454 páginas |
Dentro del libro
Resultados 1-5 de 28
Página 37
... hills , sinks to an impervious stratum , along which it runs until it either finds a porous section through which it can fall to a lower level , or not finding such , continues on the hard bottom of the JOHNSTON'S SYSTEM . 37.
... hills , sinks to an impervious stratum , along which it runs until it either finds a porous section through which it can fall to a lower level , or not finding such , continues on the hard bottom of the JOHNSTON'S SYSTEM . 37.
Página 39
... impervious strata near the surface of the soil - the carry- ing away of the water which accumulates on the surface , from rains , snows , or freshets , is a secondary object only of thorough drainage . Where there are springs , there is ...
... impervious strata near the surface of the soil - the carry- ing away of the water which accumulates on the surface , from rains , snows , or freshets , is a secondary object only of thorough drainage . Where there are springs , there is ...
Página 46
... impervious . Thus , we say a tenacious clay , a strong clay , or an impervious clay . A compact soil is one in which the particles adhere so strongly to each other as to be difficult of separation , and that can not be crumbled by the ...
... impervious . Thus , we say a tenacious clay , a strong clay , or an impervious clay . A compact soil is one in which the particles adhere so strongly to each other as to be difficult of separation , and that can not be crumbled by the ...
Página 49
... impervious , while a mellow soil is always porous . Pure clay will retain water until it is ex- hausted by evaporation , while pure sand is so porous that it may be said to swallow the water . Neither of these ex- tremes is a desirable ...
... impervious , while a mellow soil is always porous . Pure clay will retain water until it is ex- hausted by evaporation , while pure sand is so porous that it may be said to swallow the water . Neither of these ex- tremes is a desirable ...
Página 57
... impervious clay - or the soil may be a loam , while the subsoil is gravel and sand . Where the subsoil is gravelly or sandy , as a general thing , drainage is neces- sary ; yet , there are cases , which we will discuss in the proper ...
... impervious clay - or the soil may be a loam , while the subsoil is gravel and sand . Where the subsoil is gravelly or sandy , as a general thing , drainage is neces- sary ; yet , there are cases , which we will discuss in the proper ...
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Términos y frases comunes
absorbed acre Agriculture alkali ammonia amount bottom brick bushels calcareous carbonate carbonic acid cent clay soil clayey condition contained cost crop cultivated deep drains depth discharge distance drain pipe drain water drainage drained land drainers drought earth evaporation experiments fall farm farmer feet deep field filled filtered filtrate four feet frost garden Gorlitz ground heat humus impervious inch pipe inch tile inches J. J. Thomas kiln laid length less lime loam loamy soil magnesia main drain manure means mgrms minor drains moisture mole plow natron Ohio particles phosphoric acid pipe tile plants porous portion potash quantity rain retain rods roots sand saturated side silicic acid soil solution spring stagnant water strata stratum sub-main subsoil substances sufficient surface temperature three feet tion trench underdraining undrained vegetation wheat Width 1 foot Width 2 feet Width Width Yards
Pasajes populares
Página 110 - It is wholly immaterial, whether the party be a proprietor above or below, in the course of the river; the right being common to all the proprietors on the river, no one has a right to diminish the quantity which will, according to the natural current, flow to a proprietor below, or to throw it back upon a proprietor above. This is the necessary result of the perfect equality of right among all the proprietors of that which is common to all.
Página 110 - ... without diminution or alteration. No proprietor has a right to use the water to the prejudice of other proprietors, above or below him, unless he has a prior right to divert it, or a title to some exclusive enjoyment. He has no property in the water itself, but a simple usufruct while it passes along. ' Aqua currit et debet currere
Página 32 - Mr. Johnston says tile-draining pays for itself in two seasons, sometimes in one. Thus, in 1847, he bought a piece of ten acres to get an outlet for his drains. It was a perfect quagmire, covered with coarse aquatic grasses, and so unfruitful that it would not give back the seed sown upon it. In 1848 a crop of corn was taken from it, which was measured and found to be eighty bushels per acre, and as, because of the Irish...
Página 84 - ... regular register has been kept of the quantity of rain-water that ran off from the surface of the earth through the upper pipe (whilst that took place), and also of the quantity of that which sank down through the three feet of earth, and ran out through the lower pipe.
Página 267 - It is wrought in the shape of a wedge, brought in the bottom to the narrowest limit which will admit the collar by tools admirably adapted to that purpose. The foot of the operator is never within 20 inches of the floor of the drain ; his tools are made of iron plated on steel, and never lose their sharpness, even when worn to the stumps; because, as the softer material, the iron, wears away, the sharp steel edge is always prominent.
Página 426 - ... to be necessary, and that the same is demanded by, or will be conducive to the public health, convenience and welfare, shall proceed to locate and establish such ditch, drain or water-course...
Página 285 - When water is heated from below, the portion first subjected to the heat rises to the surface, and every portion is successively subjected to the heat and rises, and each, having lost some of its heat at the surface, is in turn displaced. Constant motion is kept up, and a constant approximation to an equal temperature in the whole body. The application of superficial heat has no tendency to disturb the quiescence of water.
Página 110 - In virtue of this ownership, he has a right to the use of the water flowing over it, in its natural current, without diminution or obstruction. But, strictly speaking, he has no property in the water itself...
Página 107 - This, then, is the condition of undrained soil. ' ' Not only are the pores filled, but the interstitial canals are likewise full, and the consequence is that the whole process of the germination and growth of vegetables is materially interfered with. We shall here, therefore, briefly state the injurious effects of an excess of water, for the purpose of impressing more strongly on your minds the necessity of thorough draining, as the first and most essential step towards the improvement of your soil.
Página 108 - Of course all these injurious effects are at once overcome by thorough draining, the result of which is to establish a direct communication between the interstitial canals and the drains, by which means it follows that no water can remain any length of time in these canals without, by its gravitation, finding its way into the drains.