The Principles and Practice of Land DrainageR. Clarke & Company, 1861 - 454 páginas |
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Página 2
... rains during several years , how , once more , will the numerous little sources pene- trate and find their way through the surface of , and into the pipes ? I will suppose that the ends of the pipes are only contiguous , that at first ...
... rains during several years , how , once more , will the numerous little sources pene- trate and find their way through the surface of , and into the pipes ? I will suppose that the ends of the pipes are only contiguous , that at first ...
Página 11
... rain above , which shall not be overlooked . " This work produces several advantages , since at the same time an excess of water and stones are removed from the ground , and that water is made serviceable for meadows , mills , even for ...
... rain above , which shall not be overlooked . " This work produces several advantages , since at the same time an excess of water and stones are removed from the ground , and that water is made serviceable for meadows , mills , even for ...
Página 16
... I have so largely quoted , is the earliest known to me , who has had the sagacity to distinguish between the transient effect of rain , and the constant action of stagnant bottom water in maintaining 16 LAND DRAINAGE .
... I have so largely quoted , is the earliest known to me , who has had the sagacity to distinguish between the transient effect of rain , and the constant action of stagnant bottom water in maintaining 16 LAND DRAINAGE .
Página 22
... rain than that which is not underdrained . A given underdrained field will sustain more cattle in a good condition than one which has not been so treated . Then , the crop , too , will ripen earlier , and the la- bor , in clay soil , is ...
... rain than that which is not underdrained . A given underdrained field will sustain more cattle in a good condition than one which has not been so treated . Then , the crop , too , will ripen earlier , and the la- bor , in clay soil , is ...
Página 25
... rain water in the soil as from springs . In cases where the soil re- tained the rains , fields could not be drained by an auger hole and a ditch or two . Smith , of Deanston's system consisted in cutting paral- lel drains at regular ...
... rain water in the soil as from springs . In cases where the soil re- tained the rains , fields could not be drained by an auger hole and a ditch or two . Smith , of Deanston's system consisted in cutting paral- lel drains at regular ...
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Términos y frases comunes
absorbed acre Agriculture alkali ammonia amount bottom brick bushels calcareous carbonate carbonic acid cent clay soil clayey condition contained cost crop cultivated deep drains depth discharge distance drain pipe drain water drainage drained land drainers drought earth evaporation experiments fall farm farmer feet deep field filled filtered filtrate four feet frost garden Gorlitz ground heat humus impervious inch pipe inch tile inches J. J. Thomas kiln laid length less lime loam loamy soil magnesia main drain manure means mgrms minor drains moisture mole plow natron Ohio particles phosphoric acid pipe tile plants porous portion potash quantity rain retain rods roots sand saturated side silicic acid soil solution spring stagnant water strata stratum sub-main subsoil substances sufficient surface temperature three feet tion trench underdraining undrained vegetation wheat Width 1 foot Width 2 feet Width Width Yards
Pasajes populares
Página 110 - It is wholly immaterial, whether the party be a proprietor above or below, in the course of the river; the right being common to all the proprietors on the river, no one has a right to diminish the quantity which will, according to the natural current, flow to a proprietor below, or to throw it back upon a proprietor above. This is the necessary result of the perfect equality of right among all the proprietors of that which is common to all.
Página 110 - ... without diminution or alteration. No proprietor has a right to use the water to the prejudice of other proprietors, above or below him, unless he has a prior right to divert it, or a title to some exclusive enjoyment. He has no property in the water itself, but a simple usufruct while it passes along. ' Aqua currit et debet currere
Página 32 - Mr. Johnston says tile-draining pays for itself in two seasons, sometimes in one. Thus, in 1847, he bought a piece of ten acres to get an outlet for his drains. It was a perfect quagmire, covered with coarse aquatic grasses, and so unfruitful that it would not give back the seed sown upon it. In 1848 a crop of corn was taken from it, which was measured and found to be eighty bushels per acre, and as, because of the Irish...
Página 84 - ... regular register has been kept of the quantity of rain-water that ran off from the surface of the earth through the upper pipe (whilst that took place), and also of the quantity of that which sank down through the three feet of earth, and ran out through the lower pipe.
Página 267 - It is wrought in the shape of a wedge, brought in the bottom to the narrowest limit which will admit the collar by tools admirably adapted to that purpose. The foot of the operator is never within 20 inches of the floor of the drain ; his tools are made of iron plated on steel, and never lose their sharpness, even when worn to the stumps; because, as the softer material, the iron, wears away, the sharp steel edge is always prominent.
Página 426 - ... to be necessary, and that the same is demanded by, or will be conducive to the public health, convenience and welfare, shall proceed to locate and establish such ditch, drain or water-course...
Página 285 - When water is heated from below, the portion first subjected to the heat rises to the surface, and every portion is successively subjected to the heat and rises, and each, having lost some of its heat at the surface, is in turn displaced. Constant motion is kept up, and a constant approximation to an equal temperature in the whole body. The application of superficial heat has no tendency to disturb the quiescence of water.
Página 110 - In virtue of this ownership, he has a right to the use of the water flowing over it, in its natural current, without diminution or obstruction. But, strictly speaking, he has no property in the water itself...
Página 107 - This, then, is the condition of undrained soil. ' ' Not only are the pores filled, but the interstitial canals are likewise full, and the consequence is that the whole process of the germination and growth of vegetables is materially interfered with. We shall here, therefore, briefly state the injurious effects of an excess of water, for the purpose of impressing more strongly on your minds the necessity of thorough draining, as the first and most essential step towards the improvement of your soil.
Página 108 - Of course all these injurious effects are at once overcome by thorough draining, the result of which is to establish a direct communication between the interstitial canals and the drains, by which means it follows that no water can remain any length of time in these canals without, by its gravitation, finding its way into the drains.