The Principles and Practice of Land DrainageR. Clarke & Company, 1861 - 454 páginas |
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Página 2
... saturation of the soil is produced by superabundant rains during several years , how , once more , will the numerous little sources pene- trate and find their way through the surface of , and into the pipes ? I will suppose that the ...
... saturation of the soil is produced by superabundant rains during several years , how , once more , will the numerous little sources pene- trate and find their way through the surface of , and into the pipes ? I will suppose that the ...
Página 39
... saturated with moisture to admit of tillage operations . Winter grains will not succeed at all in such a soil , and summer crops are at best very precarious . The roots of winter plants , in quest of nourishment , penetrate to the ...
... saturated with moisture to admit of tillage operations . Winter grains will not succeed at all in such a soil , and summer crops are at best very precarious . The roots of winter plants , in quest of nourishment , penetrate to the ...
Página 50
... saturated them with water and weighed them ; the excess of weight when saturated over the weight when dry , of course , would give the capacity of retaining moisture . Thus , if a pound of soil when dry weighed a pound , but a pound and ...
... saturated them with water and weighed them ; the excess of weight when saturated over the weight when dry , of course , would give the capacity of retaining moisture . Thus , if a pound of soil when dry weighed a pound , but a pound and ...
Página 52
... saturated , do not expand a particle , while others expand very much ; those which expand the most when saturated , also con- tract the most when the moisture is exhausted . The com- parative expansive or contractive capacity of soils ...
... saturated , do not expand a particle , while others expand very much ; those which expand the most when saturated , also con- tract the most when the moisture is exhausted . The com- parative expansive or contractive capacity of soils ...
Página 58
... situated at d , is saturated with moisture . All the rain falling between a and d , except that which flows from the surface and that evaporated , will penetrate until it reaches the limestone strata , 3 , which 58 LAND DRAINAGE .
... situated at d , is saturated with moisture . All the rain falling between a and d , except that which flows from the surface and that evaporated , will penetrate until it reaches the limestone strata , 3 , which 58 LAND DRAINAGE .
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Términos y frases comunes
absorbed acre Agriculture alkali ammonia amount bottom brick bushels calcareous carbonate carbonic acid cent clay soil clayey condition contained cost crop cultivated deep drains depth discharge distance drain pipe drain water drainage drained land drainers drought earth evaporation experiments fall farm farmer feet deep field filled filtered filtrate four feet frost garden Gorlitz ground heat humus impervious inch pipe inch tile inches J. J. Thomas kiln laid length less lime loam loamy soil magnesia main drain manure means mgrms minor drains moisture mole plow natron Ohio particles phosphoric acid pipe tile plants porous portion potash quantity rain retain rods roots sand saturated side silicic acid soil solution spring stagnant water strata stratum sub-main subsoil substances sufficient surface temperature three feet tion trench underdraining undrained vegetation wheat Width 1 foot Width 2 feet Width Width Yards
Pasajes populares
Página 110 - It is wholly immaterial, whether the party be a proprietor above or below, in the course of the river; the right being common to all the proprietors on the river, no one has a right to diminish the quantity which will, according to the natural current, flow to a proprietor below, or to throw it back upon a proprietor above. This is the necessary result of the perfect equality of right among all the proprietors of that which is common to all.
Página 110 - ... without diminution or alteration. No proprietor has a right to use the water to the prejudice of other proprietors, above or below him, unless he has a prior right to divert it, or a title to some exclusive enjoyment. He has no property in the water itself, but a simple usufruct while it passes along. ' Aqua currit et debet currere
Página 32 - Mr. Johnston says tile-draining pays for itself in two seasons, sometimes in one. Thus, in 1847, he bought a piece of ten acres to get an outlet for his drains. It was a perfect quagmire, covered with coarse aquatic grasses, and so unfruitful that it would not give back the seed sown upon it. In 1848 a crop of corn was taken from it, which was measured and found to be eighty bushels per acre, and as, because of the Irish...
Página 84 - ... regular register has been kept of the quantity of rain-water that ran off from the surface of the earth through the upper pipe (whilst that took place), and also of the quantity of that which sank down through the three feet of earth, and ran out through the lower pipe.
Página 267 - It is wrought in the shape of a wedge, brought in the bottom to the narrowest limit which will admit the collar by tools admirably adapted to that purpose. The foot of the operator is never within 20 inches of the floor of the drain ; his tools are made of iron plated on steel, and never lose their sharpness, even when worn to the stumps; because, as the softer material, the iron, wears away, the sharp steel edge is always prominent.
Página 426 - ... to be necessary, and that the same is demanded by, or will be conducive to the public health, convenience and welfare, shall proceed to locate and establish such ditch, drain or water-course...
Página 285 - When water is heated from below, the portion first subjected to the heat rises to the surface, and every portion is successively subjected to the heat and rises, and each, having lost some of its heat at the surface, is in turn displaced. Constant motion is kept up, and a constant approximation to an equal temperature in the whole body. The application of superficial heat has no tendency to disturb the quiescence of water.
Página 110 - In virtue of this ownership, he has a right to the use of the water flowing over it, in its natural current, without diminution or obstruction. But, strictly speaking, he has no property in the water itself...
Página 107 - This, then, is the condition of undrained soil. ' ' Not only are the pores filled, but the interstitial canals are likewise full, and the consequence is that the whole process of the germination and growth of vegetables is materially interfered with. We shall here, therefore, briefly state the injurious effects of an excess of water, for the purpose of impressing more strongly on your minds the necessity of thorough draining, as the first and most essential step towards the improvement of your soil.
Página 108 - Of course all these injurious effects are at once overcome by thorough draining, the result of which is to establish a direct communication between the interstitial canals and the drains, by which means it follows that no water can remain any length of time in these canals without, by its gravitation, finding its way into the drains.