III. Sleep, a mirror of character.

a. In sleep are reflected the traces of our prominent inclinations. Dreams of the lazy, the wicked, the good. Why?

b. Hope and memory delight in day-dreams and reveries. IV. An inestimable boon to all living creatures. a. The restorer of strength, the glad reward of labor, the soother of affliction.

"Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep. '

b. What thanks, therefore, do man, and all living creatures, owe to God? (Adam's morning hymn of praise.)

V. Sleep, the friendly brother of death.

a. In holy writ, life is compared to day, and death to night; the deceased to the sleeping: night follows day; death, life.

b. Sleep removes the troubles of the day; death, those of life: a good day, a happy sleep; an evil day, a restless night: so life and death.

c. They are brothers, -angels if we will, evil spirits if we will. VI. Sleep prepares us for a new day; death, for a new life: both are intended by the same good Being for our welfare, temporal and eternal.

"Having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. 1 TIM. iv. 8.

44.

THE HUMAN COUNTENANCE.

I. The means by which the soul enforces exteriorly her will are the voice and the motions of the body. Besides these, there is but one means by which the mind expresses directly its will, namely, the look, or expression of the countenance.

II. The look.

a. As the eye, the instrument of the active soul, lies directly exposed to external impressions, so likewise does it serve as the direct medium of conveying the interior dispositions of the soul.

b. The direct language of the soul is exceedingly manifold; for, by the agency of the look, one is able to express desire, enthusiasm, courage, wrath, scorn, &c.

c. This language is supported by the mechanical changes of the eye.

"A beautiful eye makes silence eloquent; an enraged eye makes beauty deformed: this little member gives life to every other part about us.

ADDISON.

d. By the look, expression, and gesture, one may assume any air or manner, for the purpose of impressing a beholder.

III. Power and effects of the look.

a. In general,

1. It is extensive over men and animals. The look, with full force, will subdue the haughty, disarm the passionate, and confound the liar.

b. In different individuals.

1. It is susceptible of many varieties, according to the character and disposition. In the strong, it is strong; in the weak, weak; so that it is a pretty sure measure of a man's capacity.

2. Still there are exceptions. The look may be impaired by causes, to counteract which is beyond the power of even men of great genius, as Milton, Beethoven, and our own Prescott.

3. The look is generally affected by the interior impulses of the mind; hence, at different times, it may be severe or mild, fierce or gentle, angry or patient, &c.

"And then his look,- oh! where's the heart so wise, Could unbewildered meet those matchless eyes? Quick, restless, strange, but exquisite withal,

Like those of angels."

MOORE.

IV. As the look expresses man's disposition, strive to acquire that disposition which will ennoble the countenance, the true mirror of the human soul.

45.

MONEY.

I. Definition. - The term "money," originally signifying stamped coin, is now applied to whatever serves

as a circulating medium of value in commercial intercourse.

II. Classification.

a. Gold coin.

b. Silver coin.

c. Copper and nickel coin.

d. Paper (bank-notes, drafts, &c.).

III. Necessity.

IV.

a. In the present relations of the world, it is indispensable to the well-being of society.

b. It enlivens and facilitates commerce.

c. Promotes the advancement of art, science, and literature. d. It is even useful in advancing our mental, moral, and religious welfare.

e. It facilitates the execution of great projects.

f. It elevates the enjoyments of life.

Virtues required for its proper use.

a. Honesty.

b. Frugality.

c. Caution, self-command, wise forethought.

d. Charity and public utility.

"The truly generous is the truly wise;

And he who loves not others lives unblest."

DOUGLAS.

c. Dissipation, and an inordinate longing after enjoyments.

d. Pride and insolence.

e. Avarice and coveteousness.

f. Envy and ill-will.

"Base envy withers at another's joy,

And hates that excellence it can not reach."

g. Self-interest.

h. Love of pomp.

THOMSON.

i. Hardness of heart.

k. Wickedness.

"Wickedness may well be compared to a bottomless pit, into which it is easier to keep one's self from falling, than, being fallen, to give one's self any stay from falling infinitely.” SIDNEY.

46.

NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE.

I. Introduction.

a. To navigation and commerce the ancient poets ascribed much evil. To it they ascribed the ruin of man, the decline of morals, &c.

b. And yet their navigation, compared with ours, was quite insignificant; for,

1. Only a small portion of the globe was known to

them. Seldom, by occasional tempests, were they driven out for a short distance into the great ocean;

2. While by the compass, maps, and astronomical observations, we are enabled to navigate the wa

ters of the whole earth.

c. These improvements have certainly also brought about much evil, as piracies, cruelties, unjust wars, the slavetrade, &c.

II. Notwithstanding all these things, the good done by navigation and commerce far outweighs the evil.

A. In regard to intellectual culture.

a. We have acquired a more correct knowledge of the globe, and of nations and peoples formerly unknown to the civilized world.

b. By introducing to them our civilization, and the elevating doctrines of Christianity, we have become their benefactors.

B. In regard to commercial intercourse between distant nations.

a. Easier interchange of their mutual productions.

b. Development of trade, and increase of opulence, by the
rich gold and silver mines of America and Australia.
c. The employment and support of thousands of men in
maritime enterprise.

C. In regard to new productions, plants, &c.

a. Acquaintance with many valuable medicines, as quinine, Peruvian bark, &c.

b. Importations into Europe; potatoes, maize, cocoa, vanilla, tobacco, tea, spices, &c.

c. Into America; coffee, sugar, cotton, &c.

D. The apprehension of an excess of population in Europe has disappeared. Millions of oppressed people have found in newly-discovered countries not only bread, but liberty. They, in turn, have repaid these benefits with interest; for labor is capital.