VOCABULARY.

Abdomen, the cavity of the belly.

A.

Accretion, a growth; increase in size or extent.

Adipose, fatty, containing fat.

Alkalies, a peculiar class of chemical substances which have the property of combining with and neutralizing the properties of acids. Anconæus, the name of one of the muscles which extend the elbowjoint.

Anal, a term applied to one of the fins of fish, situated near the anus or

vent.

Anhelation, breathing hard or panting.

Annular, in the form of a ring.

Annuli, rings-applied to the muscular fibres which surround the bodies of some animals like rings.

Antennae, organs of touch, situated near the mouths of insects having many joints.

Antherae, small bodies which contain the pollen or fertilizing dust of flowers; the antherae are fixed generally on the ends of slender filaments, and surround the germ or seed vessel.

Aorta, the main artery of the body, which receives the blood directly from the heart and distributes it to the body.

Auricle, a cavity of the heart. Its external shape gives it the appearance of an appendage to the organ, and its name is derived from its supposed resemblance to an ear, (auricula.)

Automaton, a machine having a power of motion within itself, but destitute of life.

B.

Buccinator, the principal muscle of the cheek.

Biceps, one of the muscles which bend the elbow-joint.

Bivalve, consisting of two valves or shells, as in shell-fish—e. g. the oyster.

Brachious, the name of two muscles moving the arm.

Brevis, short.

C.

Calyx, the flower cup; the external or outermost part of the flower, generally resembling the leaves in color, and containing the otheparts of the flower within it. It is often wanting.

Camera obscura, or dark chamber. An optical instrument in which the rays of light from external objects are made to pass through a convex lens into a dark box where they are received upon a screen, and produce a representation of external objects.

Capsule, the seed vessel of plants.

Carnivorous, feeding or living on flesh.

Carotid, the name of the arteries which pass up the neck on each side of the windpipe, and convey the blood to the head.

Cartilaginous, gristly; formed from or consisting of gristle.

Cellular, consisting of cells.

Centripetal, having a tendency towards the centre.

All bodies on the

surface, have a tendency to fall towards the centre of the earth.

Cetaceous, of the whale kind.

Chrysalis, an insect in the second stage of its metamorphosis.

Cicatrix, a scar.

Comminuted, broken up into small pieces.

Conatus, attempt, endeavour, effort.

Condyles, prominences at the ends of some of the bones which are intended to afford surfaces for the formation of joints.

Congeries, a heap or pile of bodies accumulated together.

Connate, produced or being born together; having their origin at the same time, and from the same cause.

Convolution, the turning, rolling, or winding of anything. The convolutions of a snail's shell are the spiral windings of the tube in which it exists around a central pillar or basis.

Cornea, the transparent coat at the front part of the eye, through which we see the pupil and the iris.

Corolla. This term includes what are commonly called the leaves of the flower, viz. the various colored leaves which give their beauty and fragrance to most flowers.

Cretaceous, formed of, or consisting of chalk. It is applied not merely to substances consisting of chalk, commonly so called, but to a variety of others, which resemble it merely in having the same chemical composition, such as the shells of shell-fish, &c.

Cubital, an anatomical term used to designate parts in, and relating to, the cubit or fore-arm, which extends from the elbow to the hand.

Deglutition, the act of swallowing.

D.

Diaphragm, a muscular membrane which is stretched completely across the cavity of the body like a curtain, and divides the chest from the belly, and by its contraction performs an important part in the act of respiration.

Dioptric, a term applied to that part of the science of optics which treats of the passage of light through, and its refraction by means of, transparent substances.

Dorsal, appertaining to the back.

Ductus arteriosus, a duct or canal leading from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta, by which the blood is before birth conveyed from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta without passing through the lungs. closed after birth.

It is

Duodenum, the first of the small intestines, being the next in order to the stomach, and receiving the food from it.

E.

Elytra, the external, hard, scaly wings of many insects, such as the beetles.

Entomology, the science relating to insects.

Epiglottis, a valve which covers the passage from the mouth into the windpipe.

Eruca labra, the name of an insect.

Eustachian, applied to parts first discovered by Eustachius.

Exility, slenderness, smallness.

Exuviae, the cast off skins, shells, or other coverings of animals.
Exsiccation, drying, parting with moisture to air or heat.

Evagation, wandering, deviation from an appointed course.

F.

Farina. This word is sometimes used instead of pollen for the fertilizing dust produced from the stamens and anthers of flowers, and collected by bees. It is so used by our author.

Fibula, a small long bone, extending from the knee to the ankle-joint, parallel to and connected with the tibia or principal bone of the leg on its outside. The lower end of it forms the outer ankle.

Foramen ovale, or oval hole, an opening in the foetal state, between the two ventricles of the heart, permitting the passage of blood from one to the other. It is closed after birth. Fusee, see Plate of the parts of the watch.

G.

Gallinaceous. Birds of a particular order, living generally upon grains or seeds of plants, of a stately aspect, and confined powers of flight. Such are the common domestic fowl, the turkey, the peacock, &c. Gestation, the act of carrying the young within the body of the parent, whether in the state of the egg or of the living foetus. Graminivorous, living or feeding upon grass.

Granivorous, living or feeding upon grains and seeds.

Gregarious, herding together-flocking together-assembling in herds and companies.

H.

Halitus, the watery vapor which is thrown out from the lungs with the air at every act of respiration.

Hemiplegia, a paralysis or palsy of one half of the body, consisting in a loss of the sense of feeling, or of the power of voluntary motion; or of both.

Herbivorous, living upon herbs, or rather upon vegetable substances in general. A term used in contra-distinction to carnivorous.

Homologous, having the same relation or proportions. Lines drawn through any two similar bodies of different sizes, are said to be homologous when they are drawn through corresponding parts of each. Hybernacula, the habitations, coverings, or retreats in which animals pass the winter. Animals when residing in them are generally in a torpid state.

Hydrocanthari, a name of insects.

I.

Ignited, a chemical term applied to a body raised to a high degree of heat.

Inertia, a property of all matter which disposes it to remain in the state in which it is, whether of motion or rest.

Iris, plural Irides; the colored ring surrounding the pupil of the eye.

L.

Lachrymal, appertaining to or relating to the tears, or to the apparatus for their production.

Lacteals, capillary or hair-like vessels opening upon the internal surface

Bb

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of the intestines, absorbing the chyle or nutritious fluid prepared by the digestive organs from the food, and conveying it through the mesentery to the thoracic duct and thence into the circulating mass of the blood.

Lamella, a thin plate or edge.

Laminae, thin plates or layers.

Larynx, the upper part of the windpipe, including the organs of voice.
Lens, a circular glass whose surfaces are either convex or concave. It

is also applied to any other transparent body of the same shape, as ice,
crystal, or diamond.

Levitation, the making an object lighter; giving to it a buoyant ten-
dency.

Longus, long. A name applied to several muscles of the body on ac-
count of their length when compared with other muscles.
Lubricity, facility of the slipping or gliding of one surface over another
without friction, whether in consequence of the smoothness of the sur
faces, or the interposition of some soft, slippery fluid, or substance.
Lubricate, to give lubricity.

Luxation, dislocation of a bone, throwing a bone out of joint.
Lymphatics, small vessels in the bodies of animals carrying lymph.

M.

Masseter, a strong muscle which closes the jaw in chewing, situated at
the back part of the cheek towards the ear. It may be felt in chewing.
Mediastinum, a fold of the membrane lining the chest, by which it is
divided into two cavities.

Medullary, formed or consisting of marrow. Applied to the substance
of the brain and nerves, and to that in the cavities of some of the bones.
Menstruum, any liquid or fluid in which another body is dissolved.
Mesentery, a double fold of the membrane lining the abdomen and cover-
ing the intestines, by which the latter are suspended, and are connected
to the walls of the cavity. It gives passage to vessels, nerves,
and to
the lacteals.
Monopetalous, applied to flowers consisting of a single petal or flower

cup.

N.

Nectaria, that part of the corolla of plants which produces honey. Nictitating, winking. Applied generally to the third eyelid of birds and some other animals.

Nigella, the name of a plant.

Nymphae, insects in the second preparatory state, before their final transformation.

0.

Oblate. A sphere flattened at the poles is said to be oblate.

Oesophagus, the tube or canal which conveys food from the mouth to the

stomach.

Omentum, the caul; a kind of apron formed of fat and membrane which hangs down and covers the intestines within the abdomen.

Os hyoides, the bone of the tongue and throat.

Os pubis, the bone which arches forward from the pelvis, and supports the lower part of the belly.

Ossification, a change of structure into bone.

Oviparous, bringing forth or bearing young by means of eggs.

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P.

Palmated, having a palm like that of the hand.

Pancreas, a gland within the abdomen, just below the stomach, and providing a fluid to assist in digestion.

Papillae, little projections on the surface of organs, as on the tongue,

which are the seats of sensation.

Papilionaceous, of or resembling butterflies. Applied to a certain tribe of flowers on account of their resemblance in shape to those insects. Pectoral, of or relating to the chest.

Pelvis, the broad flat basin, constituting the lower part of the abdomen, composed principally of the broad flat bones usually called the hip and haunch bones.

Peritonaeum, a membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and giving a close covering to all its contents.

Peristaltic, applied to the crawling, worm-like motion of the intestines. Pericardium, the bag containing the heart.

Pericarpium, a kind of seed vessels of plants.

Periosteum, the membrane which adheres to, and closely invests the surface of bones.

Petals, the flower leaves, or leaves of the corolla of plants.

Pharynx, the cavity at the back part of the mouth which receives the food just before swallowing, and transmits it to the oesophagus. Phosphoric, of or resembling phosphorus.

Pistil, the part of a flower intended to receive the pollen or fertilizing dust of the stamens.

Piston, a movable cylinder in the tube of some machines, intended to take off by its motion the pressure of the air, or to receive the impulse from steam; as in the pump and steam-engine.

Plantule, a little plant. Applied to the part which first sprouts from the seed when it begins to grow. It refers to the same part with Plumule. Pleura, the membrane lining the chest.

Plumule, see plantule.

Pneumatic, of or relating to the air or wind.

Pollen, the fertilizing dust of flowers, produced by the stamens, and falling upon the pistils in order to render a flower capable of producing seed or fruit.

Primordial, original.

R.

Radicle, the little root which is first sent out by a seed when it begins to grow.

Refraction, generally applied to the change of direction which takes place when a ray of light moves from one medium into another of a different density.

Renitency, resistance.

Retina, a very sensible and delicate membrane at the back part of the eye, intended to receive the images of objects like the screen of a camera obscura. Supposed to be an expansion of the nerve of the eye. Rictus, the extent of the mouth when opened widely as in gaping.

Sanguiferous, carrying blood.

S.

Sensorium, the seat or centre of sensations, to which all the impressions made upon the external organs of sense are transmitted, and where they are perceived.