officers with a neglect of duty in not arresting McIntosh and binding him over to answer to the charge of murder. Informed of these facts, so soon as his wound permitted, the general surrendered himself to Judge Glen, entered into bonds for his appearance, was indicted, tried, and acquitted. Even this determination of the matter did not allay the resentment of the Gwinnett party, who, incensed at the loss of their leader, used every exertion to impair the influence of McIntosh and to fetter his efforts in the public service. At the suggestion of his friends he repaired to the headquarters of General Washington for assignment to duty in other quarters. For nearly two years he remained absent from his native state.

Upon his return to Georgia Dr. Hall selected Savannah as his home, and, with shattered fortunes, resumed the practice of his profession. While thus quietly employed he was, in January, 1783, elected governor of Georgia.

His acknowledgment of the honor thus conferred was expressed in the following brief inaugural address:

"MR. SPEAKER AND GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY:

I esteem your unsolicited appointment of me to the office of chief magistrate of this state as the greatest honor, and I am affected with sentiments of the warmest gratitude on this occasion. The early and decided part which I took in the cause of America originated from a full conviction of the justice and rectitude of the cause we engaged in, has uniformly continued as the principle of my heart, and I trust will to the last moments of my life.

If I can, by a strict attention to the various objects of government, and a steady and impartial exertion of the powers with which you have invested me, carry into execution the wise and salutary laws of the state, it will afford a pleasing prospect of our future welfare, brighten the dawn of independence, and establish the genuine principles of whigism on a firm and permanent foundation.

The confident reliance, gentlemen, I have in the wisdom of the council you have assigned me, and the firm support of your honorable house, afford a flattering expectation of succeeding in this difficult and important trust."

Georgia had but recently emerged from the perils and privations of the Revolution; and, while all were rejoicing in the inchoate blessings of independence, poverty, sorrow, and desolation were the heritage of many homes. The energies of his administration, which lasted for only one year, were chiefly directed to the establishment of land offices and the

sale of confiscated property; to the arrangement of the public debt and the rewarding of officers and soldiers with bounty warrants for services rendered; with the accommodation of differences and the prevention of further disturbance with Florida, and the adjustment of the northern boundary of Georgia; with the establishment of courts and schools; and with the consummation of treaties of cession from and amity with contiguous Indian nations. The most important of these were solemnized at Augusta with the Cherokee Indians in May, and with the Creek Indians in November, 1783. Upon the assembling of the legislature at Augusta, on the 8th of July, 1783, Governor Hall, in his message, thus commended to its members the subject of public education :

"In addition, therefore, to wholesome laws restraining vice, every encouragement ought to be given to introduce religion, and learned clergy to perform divine worship in honor of God, and to cultivate principles of religion and virtue among our citizens. For this purpose it will be your wisdom to lay an early foundation for endowing seminaries of learning; nor can you, I conceive, lay a better than by a grant of a sufficient tract of land, that may, as in other governments, hereafter, by lease or otherwise, raise a revenue sufficient to support such valuable institutions."

Be it spoken and remembered to his perpetual praise that Governor Hall, by this early and wise suggestion, sounded the key-note and paved the way for the foundation and the sustentation of the University of Georgia, which, for nearly a century, has proven the parent of higher education and civilization in Georgia. Upon the conclusion of his term of service he resumed, in Savannah, the practice of his profession, holding no public office save that of judge of the inferior court of Chatham county. This position he resigned upon his removal to Burke county in 1790. He had evidently prospered and accumulated a fortune somewhat unusual in that day and community, for he then purchased a fine plantation on the Savannah river not far from Shell-Bluff, and furnished it with a considerable number of negro slaves, and all animals, implements, and provisions requisite for its proper cultivation.

Here he died on the 19th of October, 1790, in the sixty-seventh year of his age, leaving a widow Mary, and a son John, both of whom within a short time followed him to the tomb, and were buried in a substantial brick vault situated on a bold bluff overlooking the Savannah river. There he rested until his remains were removed and brought to Augusta, Georgia, and placed, in association with those of George Walton, beneath the monument erected by patriotic citizens in front of the court house in honor of the

Gwinnett's

signers from Georgia of the Declaration of Independence. bones could not be found; for, although it was believed that he was interred in the old cemetery on South Broad street in Savannah, no stone having been erected over his grave, all memory of the place of his sepulture had vanished.

The will of Dr. Hall, which was on file in the office of the court of ordinary of Burke county, at Waynesboro, was destroyed by an accidental fire which consumed the court house and most of the public records. Subsequent to the removal of his remains to Augusta, Mr. William D'Antignac, who then owned the Hall plantation, forwarded to the corporate authorities of Wallingford, Connecticut, the native town of the signer, the marble slab inserted in the front of the brick vault wherein they had so long rested. That slab is still carefully preserved. It bears the following inscription:

Beneath this stone rest the remains of

HON. LYMAN HALL,

formerly governor of this state, who departed this life on the 19th of October, 1790, in the 67th year of his age. In the cause of America he was uniformly a patriot. In the incumbent duties of a husband and a father he acquitted himself with affection and tenderness.

But reader, above all know from this inscription that he left this probationary state as a true Christian and an honest man.

To those so mourned in death, so loved in life,
The childless parent and the widowed wife,
With tears inscribes this monumental stone,
That holds his ashes and expects her own."

In Sanderson's Lives of the Signers we are advised that Dr. Lyman Hall was six feet high and finely proportioned; that his manners were easy and polite; that his deportment was affable and dignified; that the force of his enthusiasm was tempered by discretion; that he was firm in purpose and principles; that the ascendancy which he gained was engendered by a mild, persuasive manner coupled with a calm, unruffled temper; and that, possessing a strong discriminating mind, he had the power of imparting his energy to others, and was peculiarly fitted to flourish in the perplexing and perilous scenes of the Revolution.

While there are several engraved portraits of the signer, we cannot speak authoritatively in regard to the genuineness of any of them. Careful inquiry has thus far failed to disclose the existence of any original portrait of Dr. Hall, unless that in the Philadelphia group, from which my

friend Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York city, had his drawing made, may be so regarded. So far as we can ascertain, there is in Georgia no original likeness of Dr. Hall. His only son died childless, and there are no lineal descendants of this signer. The state of Georgia perpetuates his name by one of her counties, and the memory of his manly walk and conversation, of his Christian virtues, useful acts, and patriotic impulses is and will be gratefully cherished.

Although he never bore arms, or won the distinction of an orator, he hazarded everything in the cause of humanity and liberty, on every occasion manifesting an exalted patriotism, conscious of the blessings to be secured and jealous of the rights to be defended.

„Charles. C.Dones. It.

AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, November, 1890.

THE ELOQUENCE OF ANDREW JOHNSON

I had the rare and very good fortune to be a spectator, in the gallery of the United States senate, of one of the most thrilling scenes that ever transpired within those historic walls. It was on the evening of the 2d of March, 1861, between nine and ten o'clock. Not more than forty hours thereafter President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The country was then on the eve of our terrible civil war-an impending calamity which few thoughtful people saw any possibility of being averted. There had been, in both the house and senate, protracted and exciting debates upon the state of the Union," in which great bitterness had been exhibited, all of which, however, ended in no improvement of the situation. There were men on both sides who would gladly have laid down their lives could they have secured peace by such a sacrifice, but their efforts came to naught. The great questions at issue were only to be settled by the stern arbitrament of the sword.

Among those whose devoted loyalty to the Union was most pronounced and emphatic was Andrew Johnson, then a United States senator from Tennessee. Because he thus represented a slave state, he was doubly obnoxious to the southern senators and representatives. Then, again, he was so outspoken and daring in his denunciation of what he regarded as treason to his country, that he smoothed down no asperities, allayed no animosities. He was at that time but fifty-three years of age, in the very prime of life, stalwart, vigorous, and utterly devoid of the sense of physical fear. He had come up from the humblest walk of life through his own unaided exertions. A destitute orphan, he became a tailor's apprentice, and had been charitably taught the alphabet by his fellow-workmen. When he was finally married, his good and accomplished wife taught him to write, reading to him while he wrought with shears and needle and goose. It is related that he only acquired the art of writing with facility after he was elected to a seat in congress. These well-known facts only made him the more objectionable to the advocates and promoters of southern slavery, in whose eyes honest labor was an unmitigated disgrace. They allowed no opportunity to pass unimproved in which they could show their contempt for such a "mud-sill" as Charles Sumner.

At the time of which I write, not even Lyman Trumbull, Henry Wilson, James Harlan, John P. Hale, or Joshua R. Giddings, either or all of