13. Annosa-Hesiod (Fragm. 50) assigns to the crow the duration of nine ages of men. Dum potis (es) is=potes, which is also found.

14. Cras genium mero curabis-" to-morrow, thou shalt indulge thy genius with wine." According to the popular belief of antiquity, every individual had a genius (daina) or tutelary spirit, which was supposed to take care of the person during the whole of life. Those belonging to males (Genii) are depicted as boys with the wings of a bird; those to females (Junones) as girls, with those of a bat or a moth. See Notes, Epist. ii. 2, 187. As curare is more

suggestive of a feast than a sacrifice, curabis is understood to have been put here humorously in place of the usual term placabis"thou shalt propitiate." Cp. Sat. ii. 5, 38; Epist. i. 4, 15; Ars Poet., 210, and the phrases Genio indulgere, and curare corpus, "to regale one's self."

15. For porco, Cunningham reads porca, as in Ovid, Fast. vi. 158, Extaque de porca cruda bimestre tenet;-pro parvo victima parva cadit; and for bimestri, several MSS. give bimenstri. óvov λeλvμévois,

16. Operum solutis,

a Grecism for ab opere solutis-"released from their labours."

1-3.

or

4.SUBJECT-A hymn addressed to Faunus. 3. Lenis incedas-"mayest thou walk benignantly." Abeasque, &c.—alumnis -"and mayest thou depart propitious to the young offspring of my flocks." Faunus appears to have spent the summer in Italy and the winter in Arcadia. Cp. Ode i. 17, 1. 5. Pleno-anno-"at the close of every year," on the Nones of December.

6. With veneris sodali-craterae, compare Ode i. 2, 34. 7. Vetus ara-On which sacrifices have been made to Faunus for many a year. 11. Festus-pagus-"the village (ie.,

See Notes, Ode i. 4, 11.

Mandela, Bandela, near the poet's farm) enjoying thy festal day."

13. Audaces-The lambs are bold, under the protecting care of the god.

14. Spargit, &c.-frondes-It was customary among the ancients, to scatter leaves and flowers on the ground, in honour of distinguished personages. Cp. Virg. Ecl. 5, 40, Spargite humum foliis.

15. Invisam-fossor-The labourer (lit. ditcher) hates the source of his toil when he is bent on waltzing.

16. With ter pede, compare tripudium and tripudiare.

1.2.

or

|-་ཅ

1. Inacho Codrus-Inachus is said to have founded the kingdom of Argos in 1856, and Codrus, the last, and self-devoted king of Athens, to have been slain in 1070 B.C. The interval, therefore, would be 786 years.

3. Genus Aeaci-The acidæ, or descendants of Æacus, were Peleus, Telamon, Achilles, Teucer, Ajax, &c.

5. Chium-cadum"a cask of Chian wine." Cp. Ode i. 9, 7, and iii. 16, 34. The

Chian was a light, sweet wine, obtained from Ariusia, in the north of Chios. Cp. Sat. ii. 8, 15, and Virg. Ecl. 9, 71.

6. Mercemur-"we may buy." Quis aquam temperet ignibus-Alluding to the hot drinks so customary among the Romans. 7. With quota, supply hora.

8. Pelignis caream frigoribus-"I may be freed from Pelignian cold," by a hot bath. The territory of the Peligni was separated from that of the Marsi, on the

west, by the Apennines, and notorious for the coldness of its climate.

9. After da supply poculum, and for the construction of the genitives lunae, noctis, auguris, see Notes, Ode iii. 8, 13. Lunaenovae-"in honour of the new moon," which may be supposed to have been seen at the time, or the party may be understood to have met on the Kalends, with which the

new moon (vouunvía) was associated long after the lunar months were discontinued. Cp. Ode iii. 8, 23.

10. Noctis mediae-"in honour of midnight," as a pledge that they did not mean to leave till morning. Cp. Ode iii, 28, 16.

11. Tribus, &c.-commodis-"goblets are usually mixed with three or with nine full cups of wine." Commodus is compounded of com, for cum, and modus, and is here taken in its literal sense-having full measure. For the shape, use, and size of the cyathus, see Notes, Ode i. 20, 12, and iii. 8, 13. From tribus aut novem compared with tres supra, line 15, it is inferred that the pocula, each, held a sextarius, or twelve cyathi, so that one party drank one-fourth wine and three-fourths water, another, three-fourths wine and one-fourth water. The enraptured poet (attonitus vates, BeovrnTos) likes the odd number of Muses (Musas amat impares), i.e., the Nine.

15. Tres prohibet supra-(nos) tangere"forbids us to touch the three more," i.e., to drink it undiluted (merum) the three above nine leaving no room for water. Tres supra is frequently, though improperly translated "more than three."

16. Gratia, &c.-sororibus-"the elder Grace, in conjunction with her naked sisters," is here figuratively used for propriety. The Graces, Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia, were often represented as naked, and joined hand in hand. Cp. Ode i. 30, 5, and iv. 7, 5.

18. Insanire juvat (me)-"I delight to revel madly." Cp. Ode ii. 7, 28, and iv. 12, 28. Berecyntiae-See Notes, Ode i. 18, 13. The Berecyntian or Phrygian flute was of a crooked form, whence it is sometimes called cornu. The following representation of a cornicen shows both its shape and the manner in which it was used.

for the affections of Nearchus.

1. Moveas amoveas-"thou art trying to remove."

2. Gaetulae-See Notes, Ode i. 23, 10. 3. Inaudax, aroλpos, is a жaž λeyóEvoy for timidus.

6. Insignam (forma)" conspicuous for beauty." 7. After certamen, supply erit utrum. Tibi, &c.-an illi-"whether a greater share of the booty may go to thee or to her." For illi some read illa (sit)" whether the prize may come to thee, or she be superior."

11. Arbiter, Beaßsurns-Nearchus, from what follows, appears to enjoy the contest, and to be indifferent about bestowing the palm of victory on either.

15. Nireus-The handsomest of the Greeks

who fought against Troy, except Achilles. Cp. Epod. 15, 22, and Hom. Il. ii. 673. Aquosa raptus ab Ida-Ganymede. With aquosa, compare the Homeric 'Idn oλuidag, dnsora. See also Notes, Ode iv. 4, 4.

1. Consule Manlio-"in the consulship of Manlius," i.e., in B.C. 65, when L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus were consuls. If, as is frequently conjectured, the Ode was written in 35, the wine and Horace would then be 30 years of age. See Notes, Ode ii. 11, 15.

2-4. These verses indicate the effects 01 wine on different individuals. 4. Pia testa -"kindly jar," testa being figuratively used for the wine which it contains, and pia denoting the brotherly affection which it may be supposed to entertain for the poet who was its coeval.

5. Quocunque-nomine-"for whichever purpose," i.e., whether for exciting complaints, mirth, quarrels, intrigues, or sleep. It is literally "in whichever name." Massicum-See Notes, Ode i. 1, 19.

7. Descende-"come down," from the apotheca. See Notes, Ode i. 37, 6.

8. Languidiora vina-"the more mellowed wines." Cp. Ode iii. 16, 35.

9. Quamquam Socraticis madet sermonibus-"though he is deeply imbued with the tenets of the Socratic school," i.e., has drunk deep at the streams of philosophy. Madet contains a figurative allusion to the subject of the Ode.

10. Sermonibus-The method of instruction pursued by Socrates assumed the form of familiar conversation. The expression Socraticis sermonibus, however, refers more particularly to the tenets of the Academy, as given in the Symposia of Plato and Xenophon. Horridus-"sternly," lit., "roughly."

11. Et prisci Catonis-virtus-"the virtue even of old Cato," i.e., of Cato the censor, or as he is often styled, Cato the elder, in contradistinction to Cato Uticensis.

13. Tu lene, &c.-duro-"thou appliest a gentle pressure to the usually unyielding disposition," and thereby makest it relax. 16. Lyaeo-See Notes, Ode i. 7, 22.

18. Et addis cornua pauperi-" and impartest confidence to the man of humble means." See Notes, Ode i. 1, 18, and ii. 19, 29.

19. Post te-" after tasting of thee." Cp. Ode i. 18, 5. Iratos-regum apices-iratororum regum apices.

20. Apices "tiaras," i.e., the power. Cp. Ode i. 34, 14. The foilowing illustration of a Tiara Recta is from a Syrian medal, representing Tigranes, king of Armenia.

2. Nascente luna-"at the new moon,'

i.e., at the beginning of every month. See Notes, Ode iii. 19, 9.

3. Placaris-The final syllable of this tense is common; here it is long. Et horna fruge "and with a portion of this year's produce." Hornus ("of this year's growth") is from the Greek, gvos, which is a derivative of age. With hornotinus, which is a longer form of hornus, compare annotinus, of "last year's."

5. Pestilentem-Africum-"the Sirocco," lit. "the noxious south-west." See Notes, Ode i. 1, 15.

6. Sterilem-robiginem—"the blasting mildew." Cp. Virg. Geo. i. 150.

7. Dulces alumni-"the sweet offspring of the flocks." Cp. Ode iii. 18, 3.

8. Pomifero grave tempus anno-"the sickly season in the autumn of the year." Annus is frequently, as here, taken in the sense of a part, not of the whole year. Cp. Epode ii. 39, and Virg. Ecl. iii. 57.

9. The order of construction from nam to tinget is Num victima, (diis) devota, quae pascitur nivali Algido, inter quercus st ilices, aut crescit in Albanis herbis, tinget cervice secures pontificum. Algido-See Notes, Ode i. 21, 6.

11. Albanis in herbis-"amid Alban pastures," alluding to the pastures around Mons Albanus (Monte Cavo) and the ancient site of Alba Longa.

13. Cervice "with the blood of its wounded neck." Te nihil, &c.-myrto-"it is unnecessary for thee, if thou crown thy little Lares with rosemary and the brittle (or delicate) myrtle, to seek to propitiate their favour with the abundant slaughter of two-year-old victims." The Lares stood in the atrium, or hall of the dwelling, and on festivals they were crowned with garlands, and sacrifices were offered to them.

17. Immunis, &c.-manus-"if the innocent hand hath touched the altar," i.e., if the hand that touches the altar be one from which no offering is due, and consequently

innocent. In this sense immunis is usually followed by the genitive, as in Ovid, Her. 14, 8; but the same might be said of avidum, Ode i. 28, 18, and of plenus, Sat. ii. 2, 43. Bentley, and a few others, take it in its literal sense, "without a gift," ie., "empty," though it is difficult to see how this meaning can be reconciled with the

context.

18. Non, &c.-Penates-"it does not appease the angry gods more acceptably with a costly sacrifice." The perfect has here the signification of the aorist, and blandior that of blandius. Orelli prefers the following order: Immunis munus mollivit aversos Penates pia furre et saliente mica, non blandior sumptuosa hostia. Porphyrion and Bentley make sumptuosa hostia the nominative to mollivit, and refer to Ode iii. 5, 17, for a similar instance of lengthening the final syllable of sumptuosa. This has led Orelli and others to notice that in Horace all the short syllables that are lengthened by cæsura, end with a consonant, as in Ode i. 3, 36; 15, 36; and iii. 5, 17; and that a syllable naturally short remains short before a word beginning with a mute before either of the liquids 7, r, as in Ode iii. 1, 13; 4, 50; 6, 19; 11, 9; and Ars Poet., 395.

20. Farre pio et saliente mica-"than with the pious meal and the crackling (lit. leaping) salt," alluding to the salted cake (mola salsa), which was composed of bran or meal mixed with salt, and sprinkled on the head of the victim before it was slain. By itself, however, it was deemed an acceptable sacrifice for those who could not afford a greater. Cp. Pliny, (in Præfat. Hist. Nat.,) Mola salsa litant, qui non habent thura; Ovid, Fast. ii. 536, and iv. 409. Pio indicates the spirit of the worshipper, and saliente refers to the action of the salt when it was burned. Cp. Tibullus, iii. 4, 10, Farre pio placant et saliente sale.

cessitas figit, &c. Intactis, applied to the treasures of the East, refers to their being as yet free from the grasp of Roman power. Cp. Ode i. 29, 1, and Propertius, ii. 10, 15.