in his Epistle to the Romans, chapter v., and in Corinthians, chapter xv. There are no such allusions in the teachings of Jesus. To a plain man it seems that Paul wished. to put the simple teachings and the sufferings of Jesus upon a scientific or philosophic basis. Paul was the Calvin of the first century, as Calvin was the Paul of the sixteenth. From a literary point of view both were admirable in their methods; but this gives us no help towards the solution of the question whether or not the Fall of Man was a real fact in history.

CHAPTER III

TENTH CHAPTER OF GENESIS: GEOGRAPHICAL

NOT ETHNOLOGICAL.

ELEVENTH CHAPTER.

THE ISRAELITES AND EGYPT

THE story of the Flood brings us down to the end of the ninth chapter of the book of Genesis. The tenth gives us an account of the 'families of the sons of Noah after their generations, in their nations, and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the Flood' (verse 32). A few extracts from the same volume by Professor Sayce I will show to what extent the narrative is considered historical by a not unfriendly critic. For interesting and copious details, the reader is referred to the work itself.

'Let us now pass on to the tenth chapter

It

of Genesis, "the ethnological table,” as it has often been termed. The title, however, is incorrect. The chapter is concerned, not with races, but with geography. is, in fact, a descriptive chart of Hebrew geography, the various cities and countries of the known world being arranged in it genealogically in accordance with the Semitic idiom.' 'We are not to look, then, to the tenth chapter of Genesis for a scientific division of mankind into their several races. We are not even to demand from it that simple and primitive division of them according to colour, which we find on the walls of the tomb of a Theban prince, Rekh-mâ- Ra, who lived in the time of the eighteenth dynasty. As a matter of fact, all the tribes and nations mentioned in the chapter belonged to the white race. Even the negroes are not referred to, though they were well known to the Egyptians, and the black-skinned Nubians are carefully excluded from the descendants

of Cush. The white race, however, is distinguished into several varieties, which the ethnologist is not able at present to trace back to a single original type. The Semitic race must be distinguished from the Aryan, and the Aryan probably from the Kelto-Libyan; both again are separate from the Hittite, with his Mongoloid features, or from the Egyptian who claims connection with the population of Southern Arabia. But in biblical times all these various sub-races were mingled together in that square of the earth's surface which constituted the known world to the civilised peoples of the East. It was a very important square of the earth's surface, comparatively small though it may have been, where the chief acts of the drama of human history have been played, and of whose culture we are the heirs. It was a square, too, which has witnessed the rise and growth of the civilisation which mainly has an interest for us; it is only the civilisations

of India, of China, of Peru, and Central America which lie outside it.

'In the tenth chapter of Genesis this square is divided into three zones: a northern, a central, and a southern. The northern zone is represented by Japhet, the central by Shem, the southern by Ham. In one direction, however, along the coast of Palestine, Egyptian conquest caused the southern zone to be extended into the zone of the centre. In the age of the Tel-elAmarna tablets, Kinakhkhi, or Canaan, was an Egyptian province, and was therefore necessarily grouped along with Mizraim, or Egypt. It was like a tongue of land thrust forward into territory that belonged to Aram and Eber.

'How purely geographical the table is may be seen from the list of peoples who are all alike declared to be the children of Canaan. The Semitic Zidonian, the Mongoloid Hittite invader from the far north, the Amorite with his fair hair and