of St. Paul, James, Peter, and John. And upon this plan all the Methodists first set out. In this manner not only my brother and I, but Mr. Maxfield, Nelson, James Jones, Westell, and Reeves all preached at the beginning.

By this preaching it pleased God to work those mighty effects in London, Bristol, Kingswood, Yorkshire, and Newcastle. By means of this twenty-nine persons received remission of sins in one day at Bristol only, most of them while I was opening and enforcing, in this manner, our Lord's Sermon upon the Mount.

In this manner John Downes, John Bennet, John Haughton, and all the other Methodists preached till James Wheatly came among them, who never was clear, perhaps not sound in the faith. According to his understanding was his preaching; an unconnected rhapsody of unmeaning words, like Sir John Suckling's

Verses smooth and soft as cream,

In which was neither depth nor stream.

Yet (to the utter reproach of the Methodist congregations) this man became a most popular preacher. He was admired more and more wherever he went, till he went over the second time into Ireland, and conversed more intimately than before with some of the Moravian preachers.

The consequence was that he leaned more and more both to their doctrine and manner of preaching. At first several of our preachers complained of this; but, in the space of a few months (so incredible is the force of soft words), he, by slow and imperceptible degrees, brought almost all the preachers then in the kingdom to think and speak like himself.

These, returning to England, spread the contagion to some others of their brethren. But still the far greater part of the Methodist preachers thought and spoke as they had done from the beginning.

This is the plain fact. As to the fruit of this new manner of preaching (entirely new to the Methodists), speaking much of the promises, little of the commands (even to unbelievers, and still less to believers), you think it has done great good; I think it has done great harm.

I think it has done great harm to the preachers; not only to James Wheatly himself, but to those who have learned of him— David Trathen, Thomas Webb, Robert Swindells, and John Maddern; I fear to others also, all of whom are but shadows of what they were; most of them have exalted themselves above measure, as if they only "preached Christ, preached the Gospel." And as

highly as they have exalted themselves, so deeply have they despised their brethren, calling them "legal preachers, legal wretches," and (by a cant name) "doctors," or "doctors of divinity." They have not a little despised their ministers also for "countenancing the doctors," as they termed them. They have made their faults (real or supposed) common topics of conversation; hereby cherishing in themselves the very spirit of Ham; yea, of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram.

I think it has likewise done great harm to their hearers, diffusing among them their own prejudice against the other preachers; against their ministers, me in particular (of which you have been an undeniable instance), against the scriptural, Methodist manner of preaching Christ, so that they could no longer bear sound doctrine; they could no longer hear the plain old truth with profit or pleasure, nay, hardly with patience.

After hearing such preachers for a time you yourself (need we farther witnesses?) could find in my preaching no food for your soul, nothing to strengthen you in the way, no inward experience, of a believer; it was all barren and dry; that is, you had no taste for mine or John Nelson's preaching; it neither refreshed nor nourished you.

Why, this is the very thing I assert: That the gospel preachers, so-called, corrupt their hearers; they vitiate their taste, so that they cannot relish sound doctrine; and spoil their appetite, so that they cannot turn it into nourishment; they, as it were, feed them with sweetmeats, till the genuine wine of the kingdom seems quite insipid to them. They give them cordial upon cordial, which make them all life and spirit for the present; but, meantime, their appetite is destroyed, so that they can neither retain nor digest the pure milk of the word.

Hence it is that (according to the constant observation I have made in all parts both of England and Ireland) preachers of this kind (though quite the contrary appears at first) spread death, not life, among their hearers. As soon as that flow of spirits goes off they are without life, without power, without any strength or vigor of soul; and it is extremely difficult to recover them, because they still cry out, "Cordials! Cordials!" of which they have had too much already, and have no taste for the food which is convenient for them. Nay, they have an utter aversion to it, and that confirmed by principle, having been taught to call it husks, if not poison: how much more to those bitters which are previously needful to restore their decayed appetite!

This was the very case when I went last into the north. For some time before my coming John Downes had scarce been able to preach at all; the three others in the round were such as styled themselves as gospel preachers. When I came to review the societies, with great expectation of finding a vast increase, I found most of them lessened by one third; one entirely broken up. That of Newcastle itself was less by a hundred members than when I visited it before. And of those that remained, the far greater number in every place were cold, weary, heartless, dead. Such were the blessed effects of this gospel preaching! of this new method of preaching Christ!

On the other hand, when, in my return, I took an account of the societies in Yorkshire, chiefly under the care of John Nelson, one of the old way, in whose preaching you could find no life, no food, I found them all alive, strong, and vigorous of soul, believing, loving, and praising God their Saviour, and increased in number from eighteen or nineteen hundred to upward of three thousand. These had been continually fed with that wholesome food which you could neither relish nor digest. From the beginning they had been taught both the law and the Gospel. "God loves you; therefore, love and obey him. Christ died for you; therefore, die to sin. Christ is risen; therefore, rise in the image of God. Christ liveth evermore; therefore, live to God, till you live with him in glory."

So we preached, and so you believed. This is the scriptural way, the Methodist way, the true way. God grant we may never turn therefrom, to the right hand or to the left! I am, my dear friend, Your ever affectionate brother,

SALVATION BY FAITH.

(Printed in the year 1779.)

JOHN WESLEY. /

1. It is now upward of forty years since my brother and I were convinced of that important truth, which is the foundation of all real religion, that "by grace we are saved through faith." And as soon as we believed, we spoke; when we saw it ourselves, we immediately began declaring it to others. And, indeed, we could hardly speak of any thing else, either in public or private. It shone upon our minds with so strong a light that it was our constant theme. It was our daily subject, both in verse and prose; vehemently defended it against all mankind.

and we

2. But in doing this we met with abundance of difficulty; we were assaulted and abused on every side. We were every-where represented as mad dogs, and treated accordingly. We were stoned in the streets, and several times narrowly escaped with our lives. In sermons, newspapers, and pamphlets of all kinds we were painted as unheard-of monsters. But this moved us not; we went on, by the help of God, testifying salvation by faith both to small and great, and not counting our lives dear unto ourselves, so we might finish our course with joy.

3. While we were thus employed another storm arose from a quarter whence we least expected it. Some of our familiar friends declared open war against us for preaching salvation by works! This we could not in any wise understand; we wondered what they meant. We utterly disavowed the charge; we denied it in the strongest terms. We declared over and over, both in public and private, "We believe and constantly preach salvation by faith. Salvation by works is a doctrine we abhor; we neither preach nor believe it." But it did not avail; say what we would, the same charge was still repeated; and that not only when we were at a convenient distance, but even before our face.

4. At first we were inclined to think that many who affirmed this did not believe themselves; that it was merely a copy of their countenance, spoken ad movendam invidiam [to. excite ill-will]. And could we have been fully persuaded of this the difficulty would have been solved. But we did not dare to give way to the thought; whatever they might think or say of us, we could not but think they were upright men, and spoke according to their real sentiments. The wonder, therefore, remained, how they could impute to us a doctrine which our soul abhorred, and which we were continually opposing and confuting with all our might.

5. I was in this perplexity when a thought shot across my mind, which solved the matter at once: "This is the key: those that hold, Every one is absolutely predestinated either to salvation or damnation, see no medium between salvation by works and salvation by absolute decrees." It follows, that whosoever denies salvation by absolute decrees, in so doing (according to their apprehension) asserts salvation by works.

6. And herein I verily believe they are right. As averse as I once was to the thought, upon farther consideration I allow there is, there can be, no medium. Either salvation is by absolute decree or it is (in a scriptural sense) by works. Yea, this I will proclaim on the house-top, there is no medium between these.

You must either assert unconditional decrees or (in a sound sense) salvation by works.

7. This deserves a fuller examination; let us consider it more attentively. If the salvation of every man that ever was, is, or shall be finally saved depends wholly and solely upon an absolute, irresistible, unchangeable decree of God, without any regard either to faith or works foreseen, then it is not, in any sense, by works. But neither is it by faith; for unconditional decree excludes faith as well as works; since, if it is either by faith or works foreseen, it is not by unconditional decree. Therefore, salvation by absolute decree excludes both one and the other; and, consequently, upon this supposition, salvation is neither by faith nor by works.

8. If, on the other hand, we deny all absolute decrees, and admit only the conditional one (the same which our blessed Lord hath revealed), "He that believeth shall be saved," we must, according to their apprehension, assert salvation by works. We must do this (in a sound sense of the expression) if we believe the Bible. For seeing no faith avails but that "which worketh by love," which produces both inward and outward good works, to affirm, No man is finally saved without this, is, in effect, to affirm, No man is finally saved without works. It is plain, then, if we affirm, No man is saved by an absolute, unconditional decree, but only by a conditional one, we must expect all who hold unconditional decrees will say we teach salvation by works.

9. Let none, therefore, who hold universal redemption be surprised at being charged with this. Let us deny it no more; let us frankly and fairly meet those who advance it upon their own ground. If they charge you with holding salvation by works, answer plainly, "In your sense, I do; for I deny that our final salvation depends upon any absolute, unconditional decree. If, therefore, there be no medium, I do hold salvation by works. But observe: In allowing this, I allow no more than that I am no Calvinist. So that, by making you this concession, you gain— just nothing."

10. I am, therefore, still consistent with myself, as well as consistent with the Bible. I still hold (as I have done above these forty years) that "by grace we are saved through faith;" yet so as not to contradict that other expression of the same apostle, "Without holiness no man shall see the Lord." Meantime, those who maintain absolute predestination, who hold decrees that have no condition at all, cannot be consistent with themselves unless they deny salvation by faith as well as salvation by works. For,