edited by Robert Thorne. It is a cloth-Bound book of
251 pages. The data concerning the members of the
inactive chapters is very meagre, and the biographical
data throughout the book is not full. The fraternity has
no other publications.

The badge of the Fraternity is a St. Anthony's cross
The cross bears a shield of blue
with curved sides.
enamel displaying the letters "A." On the bar of the
cross are engraved four Hebrew letters and beneath the
shield is the skull and bones. The color is light blue.

The fraternity has never had any honorary members.
Among its prominent members are Gen. Stewart L.
Woodford of New York, Gen. William G. Ward, Bishops
McKip of California and W. C. Doane of Central New
York in the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Bishop
Galloway of the M. E. Church south; Hamilton Fish,
Jr., and Nicholas Fish, Ex-minister to Belgium, of New
York City; Rev. Justin D. Fulton, of Brooklyn; Con-
gressmen Catchings and Money, from Mississippi; Judge
L. B. Vallian, of Missouri; Hon. Walter L. Clapp and
Gen. Luke E. Wright of Tennessee; Gen. Wm. F. Ogden
and Wm. H. Piper, of Louisiana, and Thos. H. Woods,
T. M. Miller and Joel P. Walker of Mississippi; Thomas
Nelson Page, the author and poet, of Virginia; Stuyve-
sant Fish, President of the Illinois Central R.R.; H. Walter
Webb, of the New York Central R. R.; Dr. W. Seward
Webb, President of the Wagner Palace Car Co.; Robert
Adams, United States Minister to Brazil; Geo Lock-
hart Rives, Assistant Secretary of State; J. Cleveland
Cady, the well known architect, and Caldwell H. Holt,
of Hartford.

THIS

HIS Fraternity was founded at Bethany College,
West Virginia, by William R. Cunningham, with
the active assistance of Henry K Bell, Alexander C.
Earle, John L. N. Hunt, John C. Johnson, Jacob S.
Lowe and Eugene Tarr. The date is uncertain, but it
was near January 1, 1860, and that date has been fixed
upon by the Fraternity as being as accurate as any.
Previous to the founding of Delta Tau Delta, but one
fraternity, Phi Kappa Psi, had a chapter at Bethany,
and it was opposition to the strong influence exerted by
that chapter in college affairs which led to the organi-
zation of this fraternity. Soon after its foundation,
some of the members became charter members of a
chapter of Beta Theta Pi, whether in ignorance of col-
lege custom on this point or not is unknown, but their
membership has been considered legitimate by both
fraternities in consideration of the peculiar circumstances
of the case.

The parent chapter speedily established several chapters and then, as the college attendance declined in the

1875. BZ, Butler University,

1869. X, Westminster College, Pa. (1870),

In the foregoing list where a chapter has ceased to exist and been revived one or more times, it has been designated by the latest chapter name assigned to it in point of time. The Theta chapter was revived in 1864. Gamma was the name given to the Jefferson College chapter, and was continued after Washington and Jefferson Colleges were consolidated. Beta is the oldest continuous existing chapter. The Alpha has always been an excellent chapter; under its management, the fraternity greatly prospered and it has successfully handled several fraternity enterprises. The Epsilon at Franklin College and the Zeta at the University of Missouri were undoubtedly established, and are mentioned in the records of the fraternity, but little more than the mere fact of their existence is known. The charters of the chapters at Poughkeepsie, Jamestown, Lombard University, Franklin College, Adrian College, the University of Illinois, Illinois Wesleyan, Mount Union, Iowa Wesleyan, and Oskaloosa College were withdrawn. The chapters at Monmouth and Westminster Colleges and the Phillips Academy, were killed by the anti-fraternity laws. The charter of the Tau was withdrawn in The Mu disbanded in 1884 but restored the next year. 1874, but was reorganized in 1879 and is in excellent The Wabash Chapter disbanded and its condition. members subsequently joined Theta Delta Chi. The Stevens Chapter is one of the strongest in the Fraternity, and superintended the publication of the fifth general catalogue. The Hanover Chapter was formed from a chapter of Sigma Alpha Theta, the Mount Union Chapter from a chapter of Kappa Phi Lambda, and the

1871-L. K. S., Furman University (1875), 1872-L. T., Erskine College (1874)

33

12

1873-I. P., Southwestern Pres. Univ. (1874),
1874-L. S., Wofford College (1877),
1874-D. of V, Neophogen College (1876), -
1879-A., Chamberlain--Hunt Institute (1886),
1879-4-I. P., Vanderbilt University,

1882-D. of V., Southwestern University (1886),
1883-L. K. S., University of Texas (1886),
1883-L. T., Emory and Henry College (1886),
1885-A., University of Tennessee (1886),

Active chapters, 39; inactive, 26 (Rainbow, 11); membership, 4044.

Franklin and Marshall and Lehigh Chapters from Chap-
ters of Upsilon Beta, all of which orders are now extinct.
The Simpson Chapter was formed from a local society
called II I. The Mount Union Chapter became a chap-
ter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, when its charter was with-
drawn. The Lombard Chapter was formerly a local
society called Delta Theta, and resumed its former name
after its withdrawal from Delta Tau Delta. The Lehigh
Chapter surrendered its charter in 1885, became a local
society called Beta Beta, and afterwards accepted a
charter from Sigma Phi. The Boston Chapter was for-
merly a local society called Sigma Beta.

The Fraternity has had many vicissitudes, and has
shown commendable courage in withdrawing chapters
at institutions of low grade.

In 1886 the Rainbow or W. W. W. Society was united
with Delta Tau Delta after negotiations to that end
which had been pending for nearly two years. Out of
compliment to this Southern Society, the Southern Di-
vision of the Fraternity was called the "Rainbow" Di-
vision, and the name of the official journal of the Frater-
nity was changed from the Crescent to the Rainbow.
The W. W. W. or Rainbow Fraternity was founded at
the University of Mississippi by seven students from
La Grange College, Tenn., who were obliged to leave
for some infringement of college discipline. Soon after
its foundation, a branch chapter was placed at the col-
lege, where its founders had first matriculated. Both
chapters were killed by the Civil war. The Mississippi
Chapter was revived in 1867, and the Fraternity was ex-
tended as shown by the chapter list. It was not pros-

perous however, and the desire for wider connections
led to the Union with Delta Tau Delta, At the time of
the consolidation. the charters of the chapters at the
University of Tennessee, Emory & Henry College, and
the Chamberlain-Hunt Institute, were withdrawn,
and the chapters at the Southwestern University
and the University of Texas, preferring not to be-
come parties to the agreement, surrendered their
charters and became chapters of Phi Delta Theta,
so that only the chapters at the University of
Mississippi and Vanderbilt actually became chapters of
Delta Tau Delta. Both chapters were strong in num-
bers and influence. The customs of the Rainbow were
peculiar and interesting, and much resembled those of
the Mystical Seven. Among themselves the members
were called "Sons of Iris." The badge of the Fraterni-
ty was an arc of colored enamels surmounting a "W."
In the semi-circle enclosed by the arc were the English
ietters used to designate the chapters.

Alumni Chapters or Associations of Delta Tau Delta
exist at Chicago, Cleveland, Akron, Ohio, Indianapolis,
Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, St. Paul, Lincoln, Neb., Nash-
ville, Chattanooga, and New York City. The publica-
tions of the Fraternity have been comparatively numer-
ous. The most important is the Fraternity journal.
This was commenced as a monthiy in September, 1877,
at Cincinnati, under the direction of W. C. Buchanan.
It was called the Crescent from one of the Fraternity's
prominent emblems, In 1878, its control was assumed
by the Allegheny Chapter, and it was issued from
Meadville, Pa., until 1884, when it was transferred to

Chicago, and the next year to Cleveland. In 1886, upon
the union with the Rainbow, its name was changed to
the Rainbow, and its place of publication to Chattanoo-
ga, and thence, in 1889, to Minneapolis, Minn. It has
always been a bright, newsy journal. Several of the
chapters have published small periodicals for the use of
their own alumni.

The catalogue of the Fraternity has been issued five
times. The first edition was published at Delaware,
Ohio, in 1870, contained thirty two pages, and was with-
out an index. The names were arranged in alphabeti-
cal order under each chapter, but were not divided in
classes. The same arrangement was preserved in the sec-
ond edition, issued from the same place in 1874. The
third edition was published at Meadville in 1876, and
the names of the members of all the active chapters were
arranged by classes, and the old system was continued for
those of the inactive chapters which were grouped to-
gether at the end of the book. The fourth catalogue
was also issued from Meadville in 1889, the chapters be-
ing arranged in groups as the fraternity was then divid-
ed. The fifth catalogue was published at New York, in
1884, under the auspices of the Stevens Chapter. It was
bound in the fraternity colors, and contained the best
features of modern catalogues. There was an introduc-
tion by the founder of the fraternity, a short history of
the fraternity, and as a preface to each active chapter, a
statement of facts concerning the institution at which it
was located. The data concerning each member was
quite complete, and the chapter list was followed by a
residence directory and tables of relationship. In 1879,

W. C. Buchanan published a list of attorneys who were
members of the fraternity. A waltz, polka, and perhaps
other pieces of instrumental music have been dedicated
to the fraternity. A song book with 44 pieces of music
was issued in 1886.

None of the chapters own chapter houses, but several
live in rented ones. A Summer resort organization was
formed in 1887, with a view to establishing a club house
at Bay View on the shore of Lake Michigan, near
Petofsky. Plans of the proposed club house were pub-
lished in the fraternity journal in May, 1887, but nothing
is known by the writer as to the success of the enter-
prise.

The affairs of the fraternity down to 1883 were ad-
ministered through one chapter. It is presumed that
the Bethany chapter exercised parental authority over
the other chapters previous to its suspension in 1861.
From that time until 1869, the seat of authority was
with the chapter at Jefferson college, and after that
until 1874 with the chapter at Ohio Wesleyan Univer-
sity; when that chapter disbanded, the Allegheny chap-
ter again became the head of the order, and so con-
tinued until 1883, when this system was abolished and
an Executive Council was appointed. This Council
was the outgrowth of an extension Committee that
had done efficient work for the Society, and its func-
tions were prescribed in a new constitution which went
into effect January 1, 1884. The Council was com-
posed of five graduate and four undergraduate members
elected by the Convention. The officers of the Frater-
nity were the graduate members, and the undergraduate.

(To be continued.)

WM. RAYMOND BAIRD.