Mongolian descent. When such separate schools are established, Indian, Mongolian, or Chinese children must not be admitted into any other school.

4. The courses of study for the evening elementary schools of California shall embrace eight years of instruction in the subjects permitted to be taught in such schools.

5. The evening elementary schools of any school district shall be open for the admission of all children over the age of fourteen years, residing in the district, and for the admission of adults; provided, that children under fourteen years of age who have been given permits to work in accordance with the provisions of an act to enforce the educational rights of children may be admitted to the evening elementary schools.

SECTION 1663. 1. The public schools of California, other than those supported exclusively by the state, shall be classed as day and evening elementary, and day and evening secondary schools.

The day and evening elementary schools of California shall be designated as primary and grammar schools.

The day and evening secondary schools of California shall be designated as high schools and technical schools, and either class may include a portion of the other class.

No teacher shall be employed to teach in any way, in any schools, if the certificate held by the teacher is of a grade below that of the school or class to be taught; provided, that the holders of existing primary certificates or of the same when hereafter renewed or made permanent shall be eligible to teach in any of the grades of a day or evening elementary school below the sixth year and not including the kindergarten grades; and in any day or evening elementary school of the county, or city and county, which the county or city and county superintendent shall designate as primary day or evening elementary school; and provided, further, that the holder of any valid special certificate for kindergarten work, or of any kindergarten-primary certificate, shall be eligible to teach in the kindergarten grades of day elementary schools.

2. The county, or city and county board of education must, except in incorporated cities having boards of education, on or before the first day of July of each year, prescribe the course of study in and for each grade of the day and evening elementary schools for the ensuing school year.

3. Except in city school districts having boards of education, the county or city and county board of education shall provide for the conferring of diplomas of graduation by examination or otherwise upon those pupils who have satisfactorily completed

Y

the course of study provided for the day or evening elementary schools of the county, or city and county.

4. Whenever necessary the county or city and county board of education may amend and change, subject to section 1665 of this code, the course of study prescribed by them for the day and evening elementary schools.

SECTION 1664. All schools must be taught in the English language. SECTION 1665. Instruction must be given in the following branches in the several grades in which they may be required, viz.: reading, writing, orthography, arithmetic, geography; nature study, with special reference to agriculture; language and grammar, with special reference to composition; history of the United States and civil government; physical culture, including the necessary elements of physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the injurious effects of tobacco, alcohol, and narcotics on the human system; morals and manners; music, drawing and elementary bookkeeping, humane education, and, when competent teachers thereof can be secured and there are sufficient funds in the district to pay their salaries, manual training and domestic science; provided, that instruction in elementary bookkeeping, humane education, elements of physiology and hygiene, music, drawing, and nature study may be oral, and no text-books on these subjects shall be required; provided, further, that county boards of education may, in districts having less than one hundred census children, confine the pupils to the studies of reading, writing, orthography, arithmetic, language and grammar, geography, history of the United States and civil government, elements of physiology and hygiene, elementary bookkeeping, until they have a practical knowledge of these subjects; and it is further provided, that no more than twenty recitations per week shall be required of pupils in secondary schools, and no pupil under the age of fifteen years in any elementary school shall be required to do any home study.

SECTION 1665 a. The board of education in every city of the first class shall establish and maintain in each of said cities of the first class at least one public school in which shall be taught the French, Italian, Spanish and German languages in conjunction with the studies in the English language prescribed to be taught by section sixteen hundred and sixty-five of the Political Code of the State of California. Such schools shall be designated as cosmopolitan schools, and shall be subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by said boards of education of said cities of the first class wherein said school or schools shall be established and maintained.

SECTION 1666. Other studies may be authorized by the board of education of any county, city, or city and county, but such studies if so authorized shall be in lieu of a corresponding number of such enumerated studies specified in the preceding section, and not in addition thereto.

SECTION 1667. Instruction must be given, in all grades of school and in all classes during the entire school course, in manners and morals, and upon the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system.

SECTION 1668. Attention must be given to such physical exercises for the pupils as may be conducive to health and vigor of body, as well as mind, and to the ventilation and temperature of school

rooms.

SECTION 1672. No publication of a sectarian, partisan, or denominational character must be used or distributed in any school, or be made a part of any school library; nor must any sectarian or denominational doctrine be taught therein. Any school district, town, or city, the officers of which knowingly allow any schools to be taught in violation of these provisions, forfeits all right to any state or county apportionment of school moneys; and upon satisfactory evidence of such violation, the superintendent of public instruction and school superintendent must withhold both state and county apportionments.

SECTION 1673. No school must be continued in session more than six hours a day; and no pupil under eight years of age must be kept in school more than four hours per day. Any violation of the provisions of this section must be treated in the same manner as a violation of the provisions of the preceding section.

2. Massachusetts

[From Revised Laws, Chapter 42.]

SECTION 1. (As amended by chapter 181, Acts of 1908, and chapter 524, Acts of 1910.) Every city and town shall maintain, for at least thirty-two weeks in each year, a sufficient number of schools for the instruction of all the children who may legally attend a public school therein, except that in towns whose assessed valuation is less than two hundred thousand dollars, the required period may, with the consent of the board of education, be reduced to twenty-eight weeks. Such schools shall be taught by teachers of competent ability and good morals, and shall give instruction in orthography, reading, writing, the English language and grammar, geography, arithmetic, drawing, the history of the United States,

III. ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS

[From Regulations of State Board of Education of Virginia, 1910, p. 162. Adopted pursuant to the provisions of Section 132 of the Virginia Constitution.]

80. Classification of Schools. The public free school system of Virginia under the control of the State Board of Education shall consist of common schools and high schools.

81. Common School Branches. In all the common schools, including primary and grammar grades, the following subjects shall be taught: orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, history of the United States, history of Virginia, physiology and hygiene, drawing, and civil government; and local school boards may provide for the introduction of music, nature study, manual training, and elementary agriculture into the schools. In each school division a graded course of study, as uniform as practicable, and embracing all the required common school branches, should be adopted for all the schools in that division.

82. High Schools.

83. High Schools.

84. Text-books, etc. The text-books used in the public schools of Virginia, and all maps, charts, and other appliances used in teaching the subjects named in regulations eighty and eighty-one shall be selected from the list prescribed by the State Board of Education, in accordance with the regulations devised by said board.

85. Pupils to be Supplied with Proper Books. - School officers and teachers shall require all children who apply for admission into the public free schools to be provided with such books as have been prescribed and duly selected under the regulations of the State Board of Education, and no child shall be allowed to remain in school unless he is provided with such books.

86. Text-book List.-There shall be kept in every school-room a copy of the list of text-books prescribed for use in that division, with a copy of the regulations of the State Board of Education concerning the same, that the pupils may be informed of the prices of such books fixed by the said board. Division superintendents shall see to it that a list of said books is furnished to each teacher before the schools are opened.

87. School Months. The school month shall consist of four weeks of five school days each, and deduction shall be made from the pay of teachers for every day they lose except such days as shall have been declared holidays by district school boards.

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88. Legal Average Attendance. An enrollment of at least twenty pupils, with reasonable assurance of an average daily attendance of that number, is required to constitute a public free school; and no public school shall be established or continued until this condition is complied with: but boards of trustees, when satisfied that there is not a sufficient number of children in any school neighborhood to entitle them to a school under this section, and that the geography of the district is such that no judicious rearrangement of the several schools can be so made as to furnish the minorities proper school facilities, may certify a statement of the case, with a diagram of the section to be accommodated, to the division superintendent, who shall forthwith visit the section in question, and if he finds that the statements made are correct, and that the neighboring schools are judiciously located and cannot be so arranged as to furnish the minorities fair school facilities, he may authorize the board of trustees to reduce the average attendance of such school to fifteen. In cases where the average attendance is reduced by reason of a factious spirit on the part of one or a few people, or in consequence of the proper or necessary exercise of discipline, prevalence of contagious diseases, or lack of proper supply of text-books, the district board may continue such schools, if they deem it advisable to do so: provided, that all such cases shall be reported to the division superintendent and approved in writing by him.

But in special cases the Superintendent of Public Instruction, in his discretion, may, on the recommendation of the division superintendent and examiner, order such a school opened where an average of ten can be maintained.

IV. STANDARDIZATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS BY STATE SUBSIDY MINNESOTA

[From Rules of State High-School Board Relating to High and Graded Schools. Bulletin No. 45, 1913.]

Graded Schools

1. Application for State Aid.

a. Application for state aid shall be made on the official blank not later than October 1st of the first year for which aid is asked. b. Application will be considered by the state high school board at its annual meeting, when the inspector will report on schools whose applications have been received.