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detriment of the public service, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than three years, or by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars, or by both such imprisonment and fine.

forging mail

SEC. 164. Whoever shall steal, purloin, embezzle, or Stealing or obtain by any false pretense, or shall aid or assist in steal- locks or keys. ing, purloining, or embezzling, or obtaining by any false R. S., s. 5477. pretense any key suited to any lock adopted by the PostOffice Department and in use on any of the mails or bags thereof, or any key to any lock box, lock draw, or other authorized receptacle for the deposit or delivery of mail matter; or whoever shall knowingly or unlawfully make, forge, or counterfeit, or cause to be unlawfully made, forged, or counterfeited, any such key, or who shall have in his possession any such mail lock or key with the intent unlawfully or improperly to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of the same, or to cause the same to be unlawfully or improperly used, sold, or otherwise disposed of; or, whoever being engaged as a contractor or otherwise in the manufacture of any such mail lock or key shall deliver or cause to be delivered any finished or unfinished lock or key used or designed for use by the Department, or the interior part of any such lock, to any person not duly authorized under the hand of the Postmaster-General and the seal of the Post-Office Department to receive the same, unless the person receiving it is the contractor for furnishing the same or engaged in the manufacture thereof in the manner authorized by the contract, or the agent of such manufacturer, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by both such imprisonment and fine. SEC. 165. Whoever shall forcibly break into or attempt Breaking into to break into any post-office, or any building used in whole post-office. or in part as a post-office, with intent to commit therein R. S., s. 5478. any offense defined in this chapter, or to steal or purloin 293; Re Byron, 18 any money or other property of the United States, shall Fed. Rep., 722; be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dol- 30 Fed. Rep., 232 lars, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

and entering

U. S. v. Campbell, 16 Fed. Rep.,

U. S. v. Lantry,

U. S. v. Williams, 57 Fed. Rep., 201; U. S. v. Yennie, 74 Fed. Rep., 221; U. S. v. Saunders

77 Fed. Rep., 170; U. S. v. Shelton, 100 Fed. Rep., 831

SEC. 166. Whoever by force or violence enters any railway post-office car or an apartment in any railway car, steamboat, or vessel used in the mail service, or wilfully and maliciously assaults a railway postal clerk or other person having custody of the mails while engaged in the

Entering poting clerk, etc.

tal car, assault

74

U.

U. S. v. Yennie,

Fed. Rep., 221;
S. Shelton,

100 Fed. Rep.,

831.

creting, embez

matter or con

tents.

discharge of his duties, or aids or abets in such entry or assault, shall for every such offense be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than three years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Detaining, se- SEC. 167. Whoever shall unlawfully detain, delay, or open zling, etc., mail any letter, postal card, packet, package, bag, or mail which has been in any post-office or station or substation thereof R. S., ss. 3890, established by authority of the Postmaster-General, or in any other authorized depository for mail matter, or in charge of any postmaster, assistant, clerk, carrier, agent, or messenman, 13 Pet., 176; ger or other person employed in any department of the postal Grimm v. U. S service; or shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any such let

3891, 3892, 5467,

5468, 5469, 5470.

6927 Feb., 1977,

c.

69, v. 19, p. 253.
U. S. v. Hardy-

156 U. S., 604;

Goodev. U.S., 159

gomery v. U. S.,

U. S., 663; Mont- ter, postal card, packet, package, bag, or mail; or shall take 162 U.S., 410; Hall any such letter, postal card, packet, package, bag, or mail v. U.S., 168 U. S., out of the post-office or station or substation thereof, or from a letter or mail carrier, or which has been in any post-office Hempst., 487, 24 or station or substation thereof, or in the custody of any

632; Scott v. U. S.,

S.

172 U. S., 343; U. v. Beaty, Fed. Cas., 1057; U.

letS. v. Bellew, 2 ter or mail carrier before it has been delivered to the person Fed. Cas., 1079; U; to whom it is addressed, with the design to obstruct the cor

Brock, 280, 24

S. v. Bramham, 3

Hughes, 557, 24

Fed. Cas. 1220; respondence or pry into the business or secrets of another, or U. S. v. Brent, 17 shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy the same; or shall ab24 Fed. Cas., 1225; stract or remove from any such letter, packet, package, bag,

Int. Rev. Rec., 54,

U. S. v. Cotting

470, 25 Fed. Cas.,

673; U.S. v. Dris

914; U. S. v. Fish

25 Fed. Cas.. 1086;

Curtis, 364, 25

ham, 2 Blatch., or mail any money or other article of value or writing coli, 1 Lowell, representing the same; or shall buy, receive, or conceal, or 303, 25 Fed. Cas.. aid in buying, receiving, or concealing any of the articles er, 5 McLean, 23, or things aforesaid, knowing such article or thing to have U. S. v. Foye, 1 been stolen or embezzled from the mail or out of any postFed. Cas., 1198; U. office or station or substation thereof or depository for Cranch, C.C., 212, mail matter, or from any person having lawful custody U.S.v. Harmison, thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one Fed. Cas., 156; U; thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than Blatch, 335, 26 five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

S. v. Golding, 2

25 Fed. Cas., 1349;

3 Sawy., 556, 26

S. v. Jenther, 13

Fed. Cas., 610; U.

S. v. Keene, 5 McLean, 509, 26 Fed. Cas., 694; U. S. v. Lancaster, 2 McLean, 431, 26 Fed. Cas., 854; U. S. v. Laws, 2 Lowell, 115, 26 Fed. Cas., 892; U. S. v. Marselis, 2 Blatch., 108, 26 Fed. Cas., 1167; U. S. v. Martin, 2 McLean, 256, 26 Fed. Cas., 1183; U. S. v. Montgomery, 3 Sawy., 544, 26 Fed. Cas., 1296; U. S. v. Nott, 1 McLean, 499, 27 Fed. Cas., 189; U. S. v. Okie, 5 Blatch., 516, 27 Fed. Cas., 231; U. S. v. Oliver, 4 L. Rep., 197, 27 Fed. Cas., 232; U. S. v. Parsons, 2 Blatch., 104, 27 Fed. Cas., 451; U. S. v. Patterson, 6 McLean, 466, 27 Fed. Cas., 466; U. S. v. Pearce, 2 McLean, 14, 27 Fed. Cas., 480; U. S. v. Pelletreau, 14 Blatch., 126, 27 Fed. Cas., 485; U. S. v. Pond, 2 Curtis, 265, 27 Fed. Cas., 590; U. S. v. Sander, 6 McLean, 598, 27 Fed. Cas., 949; U. S. v. Tanner, 6 McLean, 128, 28 Fed. Cas., 12; U.S. v. Taylor, 1 Hughes, 514, 28 Fed. Cas., 19; U. S. v. Whittier, 5 Dill., 35, 28 Fed. Cas., 591; U. S. v. Baugh, 1 Fed. Rep., 784; U. S. v. Hamilton, 9 Fed. Rep., 442; U. S. v. Wynn, 9 Fed. Rep., 886; U. S. v. McCready, 11 Fed. Rep., 225; U. S. v. Blackman, 17 Fed. Rep., 837; New Orleans Nat. Bank v. Merchant, 18 Fed. Rep., 847; U. S. v. Hilbury, 29 Fed. Rep., 705; U. S. v. Thompson, 29 Fed. Rep., 706; U. S. v. Rapp. 30 Fed. Rep., 818; Re Burkhart, 33 Fed. Rep., 25; U. S. v. Gruver, 35 Fed. Rep., 59; U. S. v. Denicke, 35 Fed. Rep., 407; U. S. v. Mathews, 35 Fed. Rep., 890; U. S. v. Jolly, 37 Fed. Rep., 108; U. S. v. Taylor, 37 Fed. Rep., 200; U. S. v. Wight, 38 Fed. Rep., 106; U. S. v. Clarke, 40 Fed. Rep., 325; U. S. v. Holmes, 40 Fed. Rep., 750; U. S. v. Dorsey, 40 Fed. Rep., 752; Walster v. U. S., 42 Fed. Rep., 891; U. S. v. Byrne, 44 Fed. Rep., 188; U. S. v. Wilson, 44 Fed. Rep., 593; U. S. v. Bithea, 44 Fed. Rep., 802; U. S. v. Mulholland, 50 Fed. Rep., 413; U. S. v. Delany, 55 Fed. Rep., 475; U. S. v. Safford, 66 Fed. Rep., 942; U. S. v. Thomas, 69 Fed. Rep., 588; U. S. v. Hall, 76 Fed. Rep., 566; U. S. v. Jones, 80 Fed. Rep., 513; U. S. v. Lee, 90 Fed. Rep., 256; U. S. v. Huilsman, 94 Fed. Rep., 486.

etc., failing to de

SEC. 168. Whoever, being a clerk, carrier, agent, or Postal clerks, messenger, or other person employed in any department liver mail. of the postal service, shall willfully fail to deliver any letter, postal card, packet, package, bag, or mail, or any part of the same, or any of the contents thereof, to the clerk, carrier, agent, messenger, or other person to whom he is required by law or by the regulations or practice of the Post-Office Department to deliver the same, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

mail into an

SEC. 169. Whoever shall take, carry, or remove into Carrying stolen any judicial district of the United States or have in his other district. possession any letter, postal card, packet, package, bag, or mail, or any part of the same, or any of the contents thereof, which has been stolen, embezzled, or unlawfully abstracted from the mail, knowing the same to have been so stolen, embezzled, or abstracted, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

taining, or de

papers.

R. S., s. 5471.

SEC. 170. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person stealing, deemployed in any department of the postal service, shall stroying newsimproperly detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy any newspaper, or permit any other person to detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy the same, or open, or permit any other person to open, any mail or package of newspapers not directed to the office where he is employed; and whoever shall open, embezzle, or destroy any mail or package of newspapers not being directed to him, and he not being authorized to open or receive the same, and whoever shall take or steal any mail or package of newspapers from any post-office or from any person having custody thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Robbery of the

mail.

R. S., s. 5472.

Harrison v. U. S., 163 U. S., 140;

Wh. Cr. Cas., 283,

SEC. 171. Whoever shall rob any carrier, agent, or other person entrusted with the mail, of such mail, or any part thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years; and if convicted a second time of a like U. S. v. Hare, 2 offense, or if in effecting such robbery the first time the 26. Wilson, robber shall wound the person having custody of the mail, Fed. Cas., 699; U. or put his life in jeopardy by the use of a dangerous. Reeves, 38 weapon, such offender shall be punished by imprisonment pac. Rep. 333. for the term of his natural life.

U. S. v.
Baldw., 78, 28

U.

5

Rep., 404;

Injuring letter

boxes or mail

ing carrier,

5466.

SEC. 172. Whoever shall wilfully injure, tear down, or matter; assault-destroy any letter box, pillar box, lock box, lock drawer, R. S., ss. 3869, or other receptacle established by the Postmaster-General for the safe deposit of matter for the mail or for delivery, or any lock or similar device belonging or attached thereto; or shall wilfully injure, deface, or destroy any mail matter deposited in any letter box, pillar box, lock box, lock drawer, or other receptacle established by the PostmasterGeneral for the safe deposit of mail matter or for delivery; or shall wilfully or maliciously assault any letter carrier, when in uniform, while engaged on his route in the discharge of his duty as a letter carrier, or shall wilfully aid or assist in any of the offenses defined in this section, shall for every such offense be punished by imprisonment for not more than three years and by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars.

Assault with intent to rob.

R. S., s. 5473.

Deserting the mail.

SEC. 173. Whoever shall assault any person having lawful charge, control, or custody of any mail matter, with intent to rob, steal, or purloin such mail matter, or any part thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years.

SEC. 174. Whoever, having taken charge of any mail, shall voluntarily quit or desert the same before he has Gen.'s delivered it into the post-office at the termination of the

R. S., s. 5474.
Atty.

Op., 70.

Delivery of let

ters by master of vessel.

route or to some known mail carrier, messenger, agent, or other person employed in any branch of the postal service authorized to receive the same, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 175. The master or other person having charge or control of any steamboat or other vessel passing between R. S., s. 3977. ports or places in the United States, and arriving at any such port or place where there is a post-office, shall deliver to the postmaster or at the post-office within three hours after his arrival, if in the daytime, and if at night within two hours after the next sunrise, all letters and packets brought by him or within his power or control and not relating to the cargo, addressed to or destined for any such port or place, for which he shall receive from the postmaster two cents for each letter or package so delivered, unless the same is carried under a contract for carrying the mail; and for every failure so to deliver such letters or packets the master or other person having

charge or control of such steamboat or other vessel, and the owner thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred and fifty dollars.

mail.

7 Wall., 482; Re Debs, 158 U. S.,

SEC. 176. Whoever shall knowingly and wilfully ob- Obstructing the struct or retard the passage of the mail, or any carriage, R. S., s. 3995. horse, driver, or carrier, or railway car, steamboat, or, U. S. v. Kirby, other vehicle or vessel carrying the same, shall for every 564; Clune v. U. such offense be punished by a fine of not more than one S., 159 D. S., 590; hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than Hughes, 545, 24 six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

U. S. v. Barney, 3
Fed. Cas., 1014;
U. S. v. Clark, 13
Phila., 476, 25

Fed. Cas., 443; U. S. v. Hart, Pet. C. C., 390, 26 Fed. Cas., 193; U. S. v. Harvey, 1 Brun-
ner, 540, 26 Fed. Cas., 206; U. S. v. McCracken, 3 Hughes, 544, 26 Fed. Cas., 1049; U. S. v.
Stevens, 2 Haskell, 164, 27 Fed. Cas., 1312; U. S. v. De Mott, 3 Fed. Rep., 478; U. S. v.
Claypool, 14 Fed. Rep., 127; U. S. v. Kane, 19 Fed. Rep., 42; U. S. v. Woodward, 44
Fed. Rep., 592; U. S. v. Sears, 55 Fed. Rep., 268; U. S. v. Thomas, 55 Fed. Rep., 380;
U. S. v. Cassidy, 67 Fed. Rep., 698.

SEC. 177. Whoever, being a ferryman or other person having charge or control of any ferry, shall delay the passage of the mail by wilful neglect or refusal to transport the same across such ferry shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

mail at a ferry. R. S., s. 3996.

Delaying the

carried

ed in a post-office.

R. S., s. 4016.

SEC. 178. All letters or other mailable matter conveyed Lettere carves to or from any part of the United States by any foreign sel, to be depositvessel, except such sealed letters relating to such vessel or any part of the cargo thereof as may be directed to the owners or consignees of the vessel, shall be subject to postage charge, whether addressed to any person in the United States or elsewhere, provided they are conveyed by the packet or other ship of a foreign country imposing postage on letters or other mailable matter conveyed to or from such country by any vessel of the United States; and such letters or other mailable matter carried in foreign vessels, except such sealed letters relating to the vessel or any part of the cargo thereof as may be directed to the owners or consignees, shall be delivered into the United States postoffice by the master or other person having charge or control of such vessel when arriving, and be taken from the United States post-office when departing, and the postage paid thereon justly chargeable by law; and for refusing or failing to do so, or for conveying such letters or any letters intended to be conveyed in any vessel of such foreign country from or across the United States, or any portion thereof, the party offending shall be punished for each offense by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars.

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