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The emancipation of one class of her citizens from the yoke of their superiors-a relief of other classes from the injuries and insults of the great— improvements in agriculture, science, arts, trade, and manufactures—the profits of industry and ingenuity enjoyed under the protection of lawspeace and security at home, and increase of respectability abroad. Her church is still eminent

her laws and courts of judicature are safeher boroughs grown into cities her mari. ners and soldiery possessing a larger subsistence, than she could have afforded them, and her trades: men, ploughmen, landed men, and her people of every rank, in a more flourishing condition, not only than they ever were, but in a more flourishing condition, than the clearest understanding could, at the time, have thought it possible for them to attain in so short a period, or even in many ages. England participated in the blessings. The stock of their union being strong, and capable of drawing better nutriment and in greater abundance, than they could ever have done apart.

"Ere long, to heaven the soaring branches shoot,

"And wonder at their height, and more than native fruit.”

VIRGIL.

FABIUS.

LETTER VII.

THUS happily mistaken was the ingenious,

learned, and patriotic lord Belhaven, in his prediction concerning the fate of his country; and thus happily mistaken, it is hoped, some of our fellowcitizens will be, in their prediction concerning the fate of their country.

HAD they taken larger scope, and assumed in their proposition the vicissitude of human affairs, and the passions that so often confound them, their prediction might have been a tolerably good guess. Amidst the mutabilities of terrestial things, the liberty of United America may be destroyed. As to that point, it is our duty, humbly, constantly, fervently, to implore the protection of our most gracious Maker, "who doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men," and incessantly to strive, as we are commanded, to recommend ourselves to that protection, by" doing his will," diligently exercising our reason in fulfilling the purposes for which that and our existence were given

to us.

How the liberty of this country is to be destroyed, is another question. Here, the gentlemen assign a cause, in no manner proportioned, as it is apprehended, to the effect.

THE uniform tenor of history is against them. That holds up the licentiousness of the people, and turbulent temper of some of the states, as the only causes to be dreaded, not the conspiracies of federal officers. Therefore, it is highly probable, that, if our liberty is ever subverted, it will be by one of the two causes first mentioned. Our tragedy will then have the same acts, with those of the nations that have gone before us; and we shall add one more example to the number already too great, of people that would not take warning, nor "know the things which belong to their peace." But, we ought not to pass such a sentence against our country, and the interests of freedom: though, no sentence whatever can be equal to the atrocity of our guilt, if through enormity of obstinacy or baseness, we betray the cause of our posterity and of mankind, by Providence committed to our parental and fraternal care. There is reason to believe, that the calamities of nations are the punishments of their sins.

As to the first mentioned cause, it seems unnecessary to say any more upon it.

As to the second, we find, that the misbehaviour of the constituent parts acting separately, or in partial confederacies, debilitated the Grecks under the Amphictionic council, and under the Achæan league.As to the former, it was not intirely an assembly of strictly democratical republics. Besides, it wanted a sufficiently close connection of its parts. After these observations, we may call our attention from it.

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"Tis true, the Achæan league was disturbed by the misconduct of some parts, but, it is as true, that it surmounted these difficulties, and wonderfully prospered, until it was dissolved in the manner that has been described.

THE glorious operations of its principles bear the clearest testimony to this distant age and people, that the wit of man never invented such an antidote against monarchical and aristocratical projects, as a strong combination of truly democratical republics. By strictly or truly democratical republics,

This limitation of happy effects, to "strong combinations of democratical repub lics," is thus noticed by Joel Barlow." The federalising of states, whose governments were monarchical or aristocratical, has not obtained any brilliant success, either in ancient or modern times."

JOEL BARLOW's second letter to the people of these states-dated Paris, the 20th of December, 1799.

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the writer means republics, in which all the prin. cipal officers, except the judicial, are from time to time chosen by the people.

THE reason is plain. As liberty and equality, or as well termed by Polybius, BENIGNITY, were the foundations of their institutions, and the energy of the government pervaded all the parts in things relating to the whole, it counteracted for the common welfare, the designs hatched by selfishness in separate councils.

Ir folly or wickedness prevailed in any parts, friendly offices and salutary measures restored tranquillity. Thus the public good was maintained. In its very formation, tyrannies and aristocracies submitted by consent or compulsion. Thus the Ceraunians, Trezenians, Epidaurians, Megalopolitans, Argives, Hermionians, and Phlyazians were received into the league. A happy exchange! For history informs us, that so true were they to their noble and benevolent principles, that, in their diet, no resolutions were taken, but what were equally advantageous to the whole confederacy, and the interest of each part so consulted, as to leave no room for complaints !"

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How degrading, would be the thought to a citizen of United America, that the people of these

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