are all little birds, being on an average, about as large as the
bullfinch. Most of the species are South American, but
some are from Africa. Some totally distinct birds belonging
to the genus Tigrisoma are also called Tiger-birds.

TIGER-CAT. One of the small Leopards known as Margays
(Leopardus tigrinus). Several species of leopard are called by
this name.
Waterton tamed one of them, brought it home,
and actually trained it to run with the fox-hounds.
very useful as a rat-catcher.

It was

TINAMOU. These birds all belong to the genus Tinamotis,
and are all natives of South America. They are on an
average about the size of a grouse. They have very short
tails, which gives them rather a lumpish appearance. They
seem to be rather stupid birds, and can be caught by a
noose fixed to the end of a long stick. The species which is
mentioned by Waterton under the name of Maam is probably
Tinamotis elegans.

TIRANA.-See "Sun bird."

TORTOISE. This is the Box-Tortoise (Cistuda Carolina),
so called because it can not only draw its limbs and head

within the shell, but can fold the shell together, so that it
is quite invulnerable.-See Sydney Smith's simile on page 19.
The negroes call it by the name of Cooter.

It is always to be found in dry situations, preferring the
pine forests, because they also love a dry soil. It is of small
size, and as it is very prettily coloured, it is sometimes manu-
factured into a snuff-box, being mounted in silver, and having
the movable plates fitted with hinges, and spring-clasps.
The colour is most variable, but black and yellow are the
most conspicuous hues.

TOUCAN.-Tropical America produces an inexhaustible
variety of living creatures, and there is perhaps none more
remarkable than that extraordinary group of birds known as
Toucans, from the native name Toco.

Kingsley seems to have been greatly impressed with the
appearance of the toucan, and agrees with Waterton that it is
essentially a fruit-eating bird:-

in

"A Toucan out of the primeval forest, as gorgeous
colour as he is ridiculous in shape. His general plumage is
black, set off by a snow-white gorget fringed with crimson;
crimson and green tail coverts, and a crimson and green beak,
with blue cere about his face and throat.

“His enormous and weak bill seems made for the purpose of swallowing bananas whole; how he feeds himself with it. in the forest is difficult to guess (see "Banana"); and when he hops up and down on his great clattering feet-two toes turned forward and two back-twisting head and beak right and left (for he cannot well see straight before him) to see whence the bananas are coming; or when again, after gorging a couple, he sits gulping and winking, digesting them in serene satisfaction, he is as good a specimen as can be seen of the ludicrousdare I say the intentionally ludicrous ?—element in nature.”

It is true that in confinement the Toucan will eat little birds, just as a monkey will eat a mouse, but I very much doubt whether either toucan or monkey touches animal food in its native woods. Toucans make great inroads on the plantations of oranges, guavas, and other fruit, but, as they are shot in considerable numbers, the delicacy of their flesh makes amends for their depredations. Waterton seems to have eaten his Toucans boiled.

The

There are many species of Toucan. The Bouradi of Waterton is Rhamphastos erythrorhynchus, and the Scirou is Rhamphastos Ariel, as shown in the illustration. Toucanet is Rhamphastos vitellinus. It is an active little bird, uttering its yelping cry either by day or in the evening, and jerking its head about in a most ludicrous fashion.

TRIBES, NATIVE.-The five great tribes are given on p. 237. Taking them in their order, the Waraws, or Guaraons, as Humboldt calls them, are more exclusively aquatic than the others, one great division of them living wholly in lake dwellings built in the stems of the ita or moriche palm. See "Æta." They are also the best canoe makers, and can carve canoes out of tree trunks, some of which are able to carry very large numbers of men. They sell these canoes to other

tribes.

The Arowacks are taller and fairer than the other tribes, averaging from 5 ft. 4 in. to 5 ft. 6 in. in height, and the mixed progeny of Arowack and European is said to be remarkable

for its beauty and intellect. The Acoways wear scarcely
any clothing, and indeed, when no white men are near, do
not trouble themselves about clothes at all. They wear their
coarse black hair very long, and are accustomed to carry a
piece of wood in the cartilage of the nose

The Caribs are also nude, and wear ornaments in their
under lips. Lastly, come the Macoushies, who are the best
wourali makers, and sell it to other tribes.

The

In the accompanying illustration I have brought together
three figures, in order to show the difference between the
European and Guianan types of the human frame.
"Painter's Ideal" is copied from an imaginative drawing
of a young Indian girl, as depicted by a well-known artist.
The model is clearly of an English type, with the abundant

wavy hair, sloping shoulders, ample brow, full eyes, and straight delicate nose. Substitute an English archery dress for the skin robe, and a bow for the spear, and there is a handsome English girl at an archery meeting.

The Sculptor's Ideal of the same subject is wholly Greek. Substitute a crescent diadem for the plumed circlet, a light classical chiton for the feather apron, and there is Diana.

How different is the real figure of the Guianan type of female beauty, copied exactly from a photograph in my possession! Note the difference of size, the coarse, straight hair, the little eyes, the high cheek-bones, the short neck, the square shoulders, the in-turned feet, and the spreading toes. Dress her as you will, or even change her complexion, she can never look English or Greek.

TROELY. This is a palm with very long and wide leaves, which are much used in the construction of houses. Stedman mentions the palm under the name of Trooly, and states that the leaves diverge directly from the ground, like those of the young coucourite. The leaves sometimes reach a length of thirty feet, and are proportionately wide. They will last for ten or twelve years when made into thatch, so that a native will make a week's voyage in order to obtain a boat-load. Another name is Bussú. The scientific name is Manicaria saccifera.

TROPIC BIRD (Phaeton æthereus).-This beautiful bird is one of the Pelican family, and derives its popular name from the fact that it is never seen outside the tropics unless blown by gales too violent to be resisted, even by its powerful wings. Like its relative, the frigate bird, it can remain on the wing during the whole day, and has been met at sea at least a thousand miles from the nearest land. It can, however, rest its wings by sitting on the water.

There are several species of these birds, one named the Roseate Tropic Bird, being in great request among the natives of the South Seas, who use their long tail-plumes as ornaments in their head-dresses of ceremony. In this species, the tail