contained six hundred wigwams, or huts. women and children had taken refuge there.

All the Indian

8. Four thousand Indian warriors were in the fort. But the settlers boldly attacked them, broke into the fort, and set the wigwams on fire. Many of the old and infirm Indians, as well as the women and poor helpless children, were burnt alive.

9. A thousand Indian warriors were killed and wounded, and several hundred were taken prisoners. The remainder fled. The fort presented a horrible spectacle, with half-burnt bodies of men, women and children, strewn among the ashes of the wigwams.

10. But still the war was not at an end, for King Philip was alive. The next summer it was known that he had taken refuge at Mount Hope, in Rhode Island. Captain Church pursued him thither with a small party of men, and he was shot by an Indian of the American party.

11. After this war the Indians were never again able to do so much mischief to the New England people. But, for many years afterwards, they would sometimes steal out of the woods by night, set the villages on fire, and slaughter the inhabitants. The New England colonies, however, increased rapidly, and in time the country had many pleasant towns and villages.

QUESTIONS.-1. How were the Indians considered by the settlers? 2. What of John Eliot? 3. How did the Indians consider the white men? 4. When did King Philip's war begin? What of King Philip? 5. When did he first attack the Americans? 6. What did the people do? 7. What

did they do the next winter? What of the fort? 8, 9. Describe the destruction of the fort? 10. Describe the capture of King Philip. 11. What of the Indians after this war?

CHAP. CLXXIV-AMERICA continued.

EARLY HISTORY OF VIRGINIA.

1. THE colony of Virginia was settled some years before New England. Sir Walter Raleigh fixed a colony there in 1584, but it was destroyed by sickness. Jamestown, on James river, was founded by Captain Christopher Newport, in 1607. The Indians gave the settlers great trouble, and would probably have destroyed them, if it had not been for Captain John Smith.

2. Captain Smith was a gallant man, who, before he came to Virginia, had fought bravely against the Turks. He showed himself equally valiant in his engagements with the Indians.

3. But one day, when Captain Smith was retreating from a large party of savages, he sunk almost up to his neck in a swamp. The Indians pulled him out, and carried him to their king, Powhatan.

4. Powhatan was rejoiced to have him in his power, for he had been more afraid of him than of all the other Englishmen together, and he determined immediately to put him to death. Accordingly, Captain Smith's hands were tied,

and he was stretched on the ground, with his head on a large stone.

5. King Powhatan, who was a man of immense size and strength, then seized a great club, intending to kill Captain Smith; but, just as the blow was falling, his daughter Pocahontas rushed forward.

6. This beautiful Indian maiden threw herself upon the body of Captain Smith, and besought her father to have mercy; and the fierce Indian could not resist her tears and entreaties.

7. Captain Smith was therefore released and sent back to Jamestown. The name of Pocahontas will always be honoured in Virginia. She was afterwards married to one of the English settlers, and her descendants are living in Virginia to this day.

8. I must pass over the remainder of the history of Virginia, till the time of the old French war. This began in 1755. The principal event in this war, as far as relates to Virginia, was the defeat of the English general, Braddock, who fell into an ambuscade of the French and Americans, and was killed, with great numbers of his men. Colonel Washington, who was afterwards the celebrated general, gained much reputation in covering the retreat of the routed troops.

QUESTIONS.-1. When was Jamestown settled? 2. What of the Indians? 3, 4, 5. Relate the adventure o Captain Smith with the Indians. 6, 7. What of Pocahontas? 8. What of Braddock?

CHAP. CLXXV.-AMERICA continued.

SETTLEMENT OF THE OTHER COLONIES.

1. I SHALL now proceed to speak of the other colonies. The first settlement in New York was made in 1613, on the shores of the Hudson river, where Albany now stands. The city of New York, founded about the same time, was at first called New Amsterdam; it derived its name from the capital of Holland, for the early settlers were natives of that country.

2. In 1664, the province of New York was surrendered by the Dutch into the hands of the English. It grew and prospered very fast, and became one of the most powerful of the colonies.

Its founder was

3. Pennsylvania was settled in 1681. William Penn, a Quaker, and all the earliest settlers likewise belonged to the sect of Quakers. When William Penn arrived in the country, he bought lands of the Indians, and made a treaty with them.

4. This treaty was always held sacred. The Indians saw that the Quakers were men of Peace, and therefore they were careful never to do them any injury. There are no stories of Indian warfare with the Quakers of Pennsylvania.

5. The province of Maryland was given by Charles the First to Lord Baltimore. He was a Roman Catholic, and, in 1634, he brought over two hundred people of the same religion, and made the first settlement in Maryland.

6. Carolina first began to be permanently settled in 1680. In 1729, it was divided into North and South Carolina. The first settlement in Georgia was made in 1733. The principal founder was General James Oglethrope. He came from England with one hundred and sixteen settlers, and began to build the city of Savannah. All the other states have been established since England acknowledged the independence of America.

QUESTIONS.-1. When and where was the first settlement in New York? What was the city of New York first called? 2. What of the province of New York? 3. When and by whom was Pennsylvania settled? How did William Penn treat the Indians? 4. What was the consequence of his treaty with them? 5. Who gave Maryland to Lord Baltimore? What of Lord Baltimore? When did he settle Maryland? 6. When was Carolina settled? When divided? First settlement in Georgia? Who founded it? What city did he build? What of the other states?

CHAP. CLXXVI.-AMERICA continued.

CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE REVOLUTION.

1. THE reader will have learnt, by the preceding chapters, how the whole of the sea-coast, between New Brunswick and Florida, became covered with colonies, which were all under the government of Great Britain. The inhabitants were growing numerous.

2. When the king of Great Britain and his ministers beheld the prosperous condition of the colonies, they determined to derive some profit from them. For this purpose,