of all, a man of business, who catered to the tastes of the public, and who sought above all else to put paying plays upon the stage. Now it is certain that Pericles was one of the most popular of plays, notwithstanding, or perhaps because of, its defects. A mere paraphrase of the old story of Appollonius of Tyre, without dramatic unity or form, Shakespeare put into the acting version little more than those touches of nature which make it live. Mr. Morgan has to meet a difficulty in dealing with the theory that it was one of the author's earliest efforts, for while much of it is crude and raw, the better portions are in truth as mature as anything Shakespeare wrote. This has been pointed out by Richard Grant White; and Mr. Morgan has not apparently found a sufficient explanation of the fact. Mr. Morgan's observations upon the causes of textual corruption form quite a distinct part of his argument, and are both ingenious and fresh. He gives a fac-simile of Shakespeare's will to show how easily the poet's very bad handwriting might have been misinterpreted by the printers, and he gives an illustration of the Elizabethan type-case to exhibit the helps to error which were afforded by the positions and relations of the letter-boxes. The whole of this is quite new and very well put, though of course Mr. Morgan is at odds with the majority of the modern school of Shakespearian critics, who prefer to shut their eyes to the realities of the poet's own time and the probabilities based upon the study of those times, and sit reading modern meanings into his text and applying modern standards to his motives. We have no doubt that Mr. Morgan is right in his main contention, namely, that Shakespeare was, if at all, only incidentally concerned with ethical purposes; that he was above all a realist in construction; that he took human nature as he saw it, and put it into his plays; that in short, to use his own words, he held the mirror up to Nature. But this may be admitted without accepting Mr. Morgan's position as to the authorship of Pericles, and notwithstanding his exceedingly bright and clever plea for the canonical orthodoxy of the play, we are of the opinion that the case is still open, and that a Scotch verdict of "not proven" is the most that can be anticipated.

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